A Quranic Quote Verification Algorithm for Verses Authentication
|
|
- Coral Ray
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 2012 International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT) A Quranic Quote Verification Algorithm for Verses Authentication Abdulrhman Alshareef 1,2, Abdulmotaleb El Saddik 1 1 Multimedia Communications Research Laboratory, EECS, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada 2 Informtion System Department, FCIT, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia aalshareef@mcrlab.uottawa.ca, abed@mcrlab.uottawa.ca Abstract The growth of Quranic digital publishing increases the need to develop a better framework to authenticate Quranic quotes with the original source automatically. This paper aims to demonstrate the significance of the quote authentication approach. We propose an approach to verify the e-citation of the Quranic quote as compared with original texts from the Quran. In this paper, we will concentrate mainly on discussing the Algorithm to verify the fundamental text for Quranic quotes. Quote filtering; Quranic quote; Quote authenticity; Fundamental text; Text authenticity I. INTRODUCTION The Quran is the holy book for more than one billion Muslims around the world speaking different languages. Arabic is the native language of the Quran. Although, some people can read and understand the Quran in the native language, they are not able to translate it properly. Even though the number of the Quran's searching and translation websites is increasing [1], some of these websites are either incorrect or incomplete. Thus, the need for a reliable translation service has become an urgent necessity, especially with the diversity of Muslims' languages around the world. However, the translation of Quran is translated from the original Arabic text. Thus, if the original texts are corrupted then its translation will be incorrect. Consequently, the Quranic quote verification service became more important. Muslims depend on Quranic verses to support many decisions in their daily life. Decision-making is highly dependent on the authenticity of the verses quoted from the Quran. Some Muslims use Quranic verses to deduce solutions for their social and religious problems or to analyze some events. On the other hand, most of the Muslim authors quote from these verses as an evidence to support their conclusions and their analysis of events. This scientific method is popular in the Islamic societies in general and Arabs in particular [2]. Thus, Muslims' reliance on Quran makes it imperative for researchers to develop verification mechanisms to support Muslim's users. Ordinarily, readers with moderate religious knowledge cannot observe the authenticity of the quotes used by the author. However, to verify the quote authenticity, they have to make an extensive research in the original copy of the Quran. Obviously, this is a tedious task, especially when that the verses numbering is missing for the quotation. Comparing the quote with the original text and confirming the match emphasizes more the authenticity of the Quranic quote. This procedure can increase the user s confidence on those Quranic quotes. Previous related work includes the Quranic metacodification performed at the International Islamic University in Malaysia [3]. The authors have discussed the Quran's structure in terms of the number of verses in the chapter, the number of characters in the verses, and so on, using "Atomization Structure" and Unicode codification, which aims to protect the digital form of the Quran from corruption. Previous search methods are focused on the text information retrieval [1], semantic search [4], [5], grammar dependency [3]. However, none of the previous related works have taken into consideration the Quranic fundamental text authenticity. This work aims to verify the fundamental text for specific Quranic quotes which leads to improve the users confidence in the digital content. In this paper, we will illustrate our authentication model which consists of two stages to validate Quranic quotes in digital forms. II. MODEL OF QURANIC AUTHENTICATION In this paper we explain the architecture of our proposed Quranic quotes authentication framework. The Quranic quotes authentication is a framework that takes as an input a Quranic quote (i.e. complete or partial verse sentence) and outputs the quote authentication results as either genuine or incorrect. The framework architecture consists of two major components: the Quranic quote filtering and the verification mechanism. A. The Quranic Quote Filtering Algorithm The Quran uses the Arabic diacritics (Harakat) in addition to its unique special symbols. Fig.1 shows an example of a standard Quranic text with full diacritics and unique symbols placement. Those symbols and diacritics limit the capabilities of the traditional search engines to provide acceptable and accurate results to the users /12/$ IEEE 339
2 TABLE II. Futtha Thummah Kusrah Sukoon EXAMPLE ILLUSTRATES THE ARABIC MAIN DIACRITICS. Shuddah Tenween Futtha Tenween Thummah Tenween Kusrah Figure 1. Example illustrates the organizational structure of Quranic verses as well as diacritics and unique symbols placement. Furthermore, the Arabic letter (Alif) is the only Arabic character that is written in four different structure using a special Arabic character (Hamza). These differences in the technique of drawing the character and adding diacritics reduce the possibility of obtaining accurate results for the intended text. Therefore, we will discuss three stages in the proposed algorithm that aim to overcome these obstacles as demonstrated in Fig.2 to overcome these obstacles. 1) Arabic Diacritics Removal: The Arabic language is rich in diacritics which are used to distinguish the vocal pronunciation. Arabic diacritics contain 8 main symbols that are shown in Table II [6]. As can be seen in Fig.1, the Quran applies those diacritics at each letter as mentioned previously.these diacritics constitute an impediment to retrieve data and information from the Quran, especially for traditional search engines. Hence, the first stage in the proposed algorithm aims to eliminate those diacritics (if any) from the target text [7]. 2) Special Quranic Symbols Removal: The Quran unique symbols are used to facilitate the Quran reading and understanding. They include signs related to where readers could or should stop or continue reading as presented in Table I. These symbols limit the ability of traditional search engines to deliver accurate results. Thus, the second stage in the proposed algorithm intends to remove these Quranic symbols (if any). 3) Standardization of the format of the letter " " : Alif is the first letter in the Arabic language. It is characterized by its own vocal character which is Hamza. The letter can be written in four different forms as follows. Although, each form have different vocal sound, still the need to minimize the input error and maximize the accurate outcome is essential. Users are not familiar with the grammatical rules to use the Hamza which is make it difficult for them to enter the text accurately. The objective of the third stage of the proposed algorithm is to convert the character drawing forms of the letter to a unified form which is [7]. This process minimizes the obstacles raised by the Arabic grammatical rules. 4) Quranic text filtering algorithm methodology: Fig.2 demonstrates the flow chart for The Quranic quote filtering algorithm. The text filtering algorithm starts by taking the input text. Then, the text goes into three filtering stages. At the first stage, the algorithm removes the Quranic diacritics. Later on, the algorithm removes any existing special Quranic symbols. Finally, the algorithm unifies the Alif forms to one form which is. Fig.3 shows the pseudo code that explains the underlying steps required to filter the Quranic text. The output text resulting from the filtering algorithm presents the filtered Quranic text. This text will be then transferred to the next component, The verification mechanism in the authentication system as an input, as described next. TABLE I. SOME EXAMPLE OF THE QURAN UNIQUE SYMBOLS. Continuing is better Must stop Stopping is better Must continue Figure 2. The Quranic quote filtering flowchart. 340
3 The Input: Entered Quote text The Output: The filtered Quote text 1 Initialize Letters Counter to zero. 2 Initialize String Quote Text ="" 3 Read the sentence. 4 Set the read sentence in Quote Text 5 6 Count the letters in Quote Text. 7 Set the letters counts in Letters Counter 8 9 IF the letters counter is greater than Zero. 10 FOR each letter in the sentence. 11 IF The letter contains a diacritic. 12 Remove the diacritics. 13 ENDIF 14 IF The letter contains a symbol. 15 Remove the symbol. 16 ENDIF 17 IF The letter equal " " or " " or " " 18 Replace the letter with. 19 ENDIF 20 Subtract one from Letters Counter. 21 END FOR 22 ELSE 23 RETURN the filtered sentence. cause of Allah which is a non-accurate meaning of the verse. However, Fig.6 shows the complete verse. This complete verse means Fight in the way of Allah against those who fight against you, but begin not hostilities. Lo! Allah loveth not aggressors which is the correct and accurate meaning of the verse. The search approach is based on the phrase-based matching pattern [8]. The pattern represents the process to match the complete sentence with each verse in the database. What distinguishes this pattern is that it returns data in case a match sentence is found in the database. In case no match sentence is found, it returns null. The developed system uses SQL language in order to implement the matching pattern. "LIKE" is the keyword used to implement the phrase-based matching pattern in associated with "WHERE" clause [9]. "LIKE" performs matching process based on "per-character" match methodology, therefore it can generate more accurate results than other possible comparison pattern [9], [10]. To perform the matching process an SQL query needs to be created. The matching query can be achieved using the verification query as shown below: SELECT AyahId, SurahName, AyahText, SurahId FROM Quran WHERE AyahText LIKE ' the filtered Quranic text ' Figure 3. Quranic text filtering pseudo code B. The Verification Mechanism The Quranic Quote Verification Mechanism is divided into two stages: the Quranic Quote Genuineness Validation and the Closest Similar Verse Retrieval (Fig.4). At the first stage the decision will be taken by the proposed algorithm to either continue to the next stage or display the result. As shown in Fig.4, the second stage depends on the query return data of the previous stage. 1) The Quranic Quote Genuineness Validation: At this stage, the system confirms the existence (or non existence) of the text in the Quran database without an alteration to the verse. Fig.1 Shows that each Quranic verse is literally independent from the previous verse and the following verse with numerical interval. Particularly, these intervals determine the beginning and the end of the verse. Hence, the authenticity of Quranic quote is based on those intervals. For example, if the quote contains two verses connected without an interval, this text will be incorrect. In addition, if the text does not contain the full text of the verse it will also be considered incorrect. Usually, if a verse is accidentally linked to a next or a previous verse or was incomplete, this will lead to a different meaning. As a result, difference in meaning would lead to wrong interpretation. For instance, Fig.5 shows an incomplete Quranic verse. This incomplete verse means Fight in the Figure 4. The authentication mechanism model 341
4 Figure 5. Example illustrates an incomplete Quranic verses. some of the system functionalities over multiple layers. For instance, the verification service is executed on a layer while the filtering algorithm is executed on another layer. This appropriate approach facilitates the integration of the required services according to the program s strategy. Besides, it allows development modifications and even coding radical s changes without altering the entire program [37]. Figure 6. Example illustrates a complete Quranic verses. If the output of the query returns a match, the input Quranic quote is considered genuine. Otherwise if it returns nothing, the Quranic text will be transferred to the next stage in the verification mechanism to retrieve the nearest similar verse. 2) Nearest Similar Verse Retrieval: At this stage, the system will make an extensive search to locate the nearest similar verse to the filtered input quote. The system will retrieve the Quranic verses with the slightest differences when compared to the input quote. In order to do that, the proposed query is processed based on exploiting the regular expression character. In essence, the regular expression search performs the data search query more accuratly based on the regular expression patterns [11]. A regular expression occupies powerful meta-characters that can be used to indicate retrieval patterns with high precision [12]. This can be achieved using " REGEXP search function" as shown below [9]: SELECT AyahId, SurahName, AyahText, SurahId FROM Quran WHERE AyahText REGEXP '[[:<:]]FQ [[:>:]]' OR AyahText REGEXP '[[:<:]]..FQ [[:>:]]' OR AyahText REGEXP '[[:<:]]...FQ [[:>:]]' OR AyahText REGEXP '[[:<:]]FQ..[[:>:]]' OR AyahText REGEXP '[[:<:]]FQ...[[:>:]]' OR AyahText REGEXP '[[:<:]]FQ...[[:>:]]' OR AyahText REGEXP '[[:<:]]..FQ...[[:>:]]' Whereas, FQ represents the filtered Quranic text. [[:<:]] [[:>:]] characters are set as text boundaries [9]; they match the beginning and the end of texts. Each two dots.. represents one Arabic character. Since the Arabic is the Quran language, Arabic language is characterized by using pronouns as suffixes and prepositions, and conjunctions as prefixes [13]. The two dots.. character are used to overcome the suffix and prefix difficulties. If a match is obtained, the system displays a list of similar verses including full text, chapter name (surah), and verse number. Otherwise, the input Quranic quote will be considered distorted. III. IMPLEMENTATION The proposed system has been implemented using Visual Studio 2010 (C#) on a Windows 7 platform. For the Quranic quote filtering algorithm, the Microsoft DOT NET Library was used to implement the filtering algorithm. For the verification mechanism, the MySQL Data Library was used to implement the SQL search statements. While implementing the system, we have adopted a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) approach by executing IV. RESULTS Table III and Table IV show the comparison results between the proposed searching algorithms and the top three traditional Quran search engines by Google [14 16]. The comparison in Table III was performed using 8 Quranic phrases. Each phrase was tested including the complete diacritics and Quran s symbols. The results show that the proposed algorithm retrieves a match. On the contrary, the traditional Quran search engines retrieve no results. This is due to the fact that the proposed algorithm considers the special Quran s symbols as described above unlike the traditional search engines. The comparison in Table IV was performed using 7 random Arabic words. The results show that the proposed algorithm has higher accuracy percentage based on the correct results retrieved compared to the traditional Quran search engines. The reason is that the proposed algorithm considers regular expression patterns to overcome the suffix and prefix issues which are not properly considered by traditional search engines. The algorithm accuracy (A Alg. ) will be determined based on the following equation: CR AR IR A Alg. = - AR TR Where CR is the correct results retrieved, AR is the accepted results, IR is the incorrect results retrieved and TR is the total results retrieved. The accepted result is the accurate results which are proved through an expert human reviewer in our tests. As can be seen in Table III and Table IV, there is a significant increase in the accuracy using the proposed algorithm when compared with the results of the traditional Quran search engines. TABLE III. Tested Quotes THE COMPARISON RESULTS FOR THE PHRASES. Proposed Algorithm [14] [15] [16] Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N Y N N N 342
5 TABLE IV. Tested Words Accepted Results Over All THE COMPARISON RESULTS FOR THE WORDS. Proposed Algorithm 48 (79%) 99 (91%) 13 (77%) 37 (93%) 79 (100%) 25 (93%) 16 (76%) [14] [15] [16] 67 (57%) (33%) (96%) % 55.8% 43.2% 41.7% V. CONCLUSION In this paper, we have elaborated the details of an algorithm that enables the verification of the Quranic quotes in any system, application, or platform. The algorithm implementation helps the users to verify the Quranic e-contents over the Internet, which increases the confidence in the Quranic e- citation. The proposed algorithm is based on confirming the authenticity of the Quranic quote based on a comprehensive understanding of the Arabic language characteristics and the unique writing technique of the Quran. However, such system needs to consider a credibility criteria of an information retrieval system such as availability, reliability, constantly and integrational. Hence, the next phase of this project is to develop the proposed algorithm using a Web Service as a prototype to ensure the integrational accessibility coupled with the use of the cloud computing infrastructures to enhance the framework. Likewise, it will facilitate the ongoing maintenance, and expansion of the system from anywhere in the world. In essence, it will support the trends of Green IT to increase the system capabilities, and reliability. As well as, it will decrease the time-consuming and efforts to authenticate the information. REFERENCES [1] M. F. Noordin and R. Othman, An Information Retrieval System for Quranic Texts: A Proposed System Design, nd International Conference on Information & Communication Technologies, pp , [2] E. Alsulamy, Fundamentalists Used Quran and Sunni to Extract the Rules of Fundamentalism. Riyadh: Al Rushed library, [3] a. F. Shamsudin and a. Farooq, AI natural language in metasynthetics of Al-Qur an, 2000 TENCON Proceedings. Intelligent Systems and Technologies for the New Millennium (Cat. No.00CH37119), pp [4] H. S. Al-Khalifa, M. M. Al-Yahya, A. Bahanshal, and I. Al-Odah, SemQ: A proposed framework for representing semantic opposition in the Holy Quran using Semantic Web technologies, 2009 International Conference on the Current Trends in Information Technology (CTIT), pp. 1-4, Dec [5] M. Shoaib, M. N. Yasin, U. K. Hikmat, M. I. Saeed, and M. S. H. Khiyal, Relational WordNet model for semantic search in Holy Quran, 2009 International Conference on Emerging Technologies, pp , Oct [6] M. A. Aabed, S. M. Awaideh, A. R. M. Elshafei, and A. A. Gutub, Arabic diacritics based steganography, in Signal Processing and Communications, ICSPC IEEE International Conference on, 2007, no. November, pp [7] M. Aljlayl and O. Frieder, On Arabic search: improving the retrieval effectiveness via a light stemming approach, in Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on Information and knowledge management, 2002, pp [8] K. Patterson, C. Watters, and M. Shepherd, Document Retrieval using Proximity-based Phrase Searching, in Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Proceedings of the 41st Annual, 2008, pp [9] M. Widenius and D. Axmark, MySQL reference manual: documentation from the source. O Reilly Media, Inc., 2002, p [10] O. Vechtomova and M. Karamuftuoglu, Approaches to high accuracy retrieval: Phrase-based search experiments in the HARD track, in Proceedings of TREC, 2004, no. 1. [11] G. Rasool and N. Asif, Software Artifacts Recovery using Abstract Regular Expressions, 2007 IEEE International Multitopic Conference, pp. 1-6, Dec [12] Y. Zhenjun and J. Xiangyu, A simplified application of regular expressions: With the extraction of Chinese cultural terms as an example, in Computing, Communication, Control, and Management, CCCM ISECS International Colloquium on, 2009, vol. 1, pp [13] H. K. Al Ameed et al., Arabic Search Engines Improvement: A New Approach using Search Key Expansion Derived from Arabic Synonyms Structure, IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications, 2006., pp , [14] Ketaballah.net, The Holy Quran search engine. [Online]. Available: [Accessed: 08-Dec-2011]. [15] Muslim-web.com, The Holy Quran. [Online]. Available: [Accessed: 08-Dec-2011]. [16] Holyquran.net, The Quran s prospector. [Online]. Available: [Accessed: 08-Dec- 2011]. 343
Question Answering. CS486 / 686 University of Waterloo Lecture 23: April 1 st, CS486/686 Slides (c) 2014 P. Poupart 1
Question Answering CS486 / 686 University of Waterloo Lecture 23: April 1 st, 2014 CS486/686 Slides (c) 2014 P. Poupart 1 Question Answering Extension to search engines CS486/686 Slides (c) 2014 P. Poupart
More informationA New Parameter for Maintaining Consistency in an Agent's Knowledge Base Using Truth Maintenance System
A New Parameter for Maintaining Consistency in an Agent's Knowledge Base Using Truth Maintenance System Qutaibah Althebyan, Henry Hexmoor Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering University
More informationAn Efficient Indexing Approach to Find Quranic Symbols in Large Texts
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 7(10), 1643 1649, October 2014 ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 An Efficient Indexing Approach to Find Quranic Symbols in Large Texts Vahid
More informationInternational Journal on Islamic Applications in Computer Science And Technology
International Journal on Islamic Applications in Computer Science And Technology Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2016 EDITED BY Prof. Dr. Mohammed Zeki Khedher ISSN (Online): 2289-4012 International Journal on
More informationUSER AWARENESS ON THE AUTHENTICITY OF HADITH IN THE INTERNET: A CASE STUDY
1 USER AWARENESS ON THE AUTHENTICITY OF HADITH IN THE INTERNET: A CASE STUDY Nurul Nazariah Mohd Zaidi nazariahzaidi25@gmail.com Dr. Mesbahul Hoque Chowdhury mesbahul@usim.edu.my Faculty of Quranic and
More informationHoughton Mifflin Harcourt Collections 2015 Grade 8. Indiana Academic Standards English/Language Arts Grade 8
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Collections 2015 Grade 8 correlated to the Indiana Academic English/Language Arts Grade 8 READING READING: Fiction RL.1 8.RL.1 LEARNING OUTCOME FOR READING LITERATURE Read and
More informationPAGE(S) WHERE TAUGHT (If submission is not text, cite appropriate resource(s))
Prentice Hall Literature Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes Copper Level 2005 District of Columbia Public Schools, English Language Arts Standards (Grade 6) STRAND 1: LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT Grades 6-12: Students
More informationPrentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes, Silver Level '2002 Correlated to: Oregon Language Arts Content Standards (Grade 8)
Prentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes, Silver Level '2002 Oregon Language Arts Content Standards (Grade 8) ENGLISH READING: Comprehend a variety of printed materials. Recognize, pronounce,
More informationPrentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes, Bronze Level '2002 Correlated to: Oregon Language Arts Content Standards (Grade 7)
Prentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes, Bronze Level '2002 Oregon Language Arts Content Standards (Grade 7) ENGLISH READING: Comprehend a variety of printed materials. Recognize, pronounce,
More informationArtificial Intelligence Prof. Deepak Khemani Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
(Refer Slide Time: 00:26) Artificial Intelligence Prof. Deepak Khemani Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Lecture - 06 State Space Search Intro So, today
More informationArtificial Intelligence. Clause Form and The Resolution Rule. Prof. Deepak Khemani. Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Artificial Intelligence Clause Form and The Resolution Rule Prof. Deepak Khemani Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Module 07 Lecture 03 Okay so we are
More informationVerification of Occurrence of Arabic Word in Quran
Journal of Information & Communication Technology Vol. 2, No. 2, (Fall 2008) 109-115 Verification of Occurrence of Arabic Word in Quran Umm-e-Laila SSUET, Karachi,Pakistan. Fauzan Saeed * Usman Institute
More informationA Correlation of. To the. Language Arts Florida Standards (LAFS) Grade 5
A Correlation of 2016 To the Introduction This document demonstrates how, 2016 meets the. Correlation page references are to the Unit Module Teacher s Guides and are cited by grade, unit and page references.
More informationWEB BASED DATA ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY OF RELIGIOUS INFORMATION
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 8, August 2018, pp. 992 997, Article ID: IJCIET_09_08_100 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype=8
More informationEnglish Language Arts: Grade 5
LANGUAGE STANDARDS L.5.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. L.5.1a Explain the function of conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections
More informationProceedings of the Meeting & workshop on Development of a National IT Strategy Focusing on Indigenous Content Development
Ministry of Science, Research & Technology Iranian Information & Documentation Center (Research Center) Proceedings of the Meeting & workshop on Development of a National IT Strategy Focusing on Indigenous
More informationELA CCSS Grade Five. Fifth Grade Reading Standards for Literature (RL)
Common Core State s English Language Arts ELA CCSS Grade Five Title of Textbook : Shurley English Level 5 Student Textbook Publisher Name: Shurley Instructional Materials, Inc. Date of Copyright: 2013
More informationA Knowledge-based System for Extracting Combined and Individual Quranic Recitations
www.ijcsi.org https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2544620 16 A Knowledge-based System for Extracting Combined and Individual Quranic Recitations Moulay Ibrahim El-Khalil Ghembaza Department of Computer Science
More informationELA CCSS Grade Three. Third Grade Reading Standards for Literature (RL)
Common Core State s English Language Arts ELA CCSS Grade Three Title of Textbook : Shurley English Level 3 Student Textbook Publisher Name: Shurley Instructional Materials, Inc. Date of Copyright: 2013
More informationA Correlation of. To the. Language Arts Florida Standards (LAFS) Grade 3
A Correlation of To the Introduction This document demonstrates how, meets the. Correlation page references are to the Unit Module Teacher s Guides and are cited by grade, unit and page references. is
More informationInimitable Human Intelligence and The Truth on Morality. to life, such as 3D projectors and flying cars. In fairy tales, magical spells are cast to
1 Inimitable Human Intelligence and The Truth on Morality Less than two decades ago, Hollywood films brought unimaginable modern creations to life, such as 3D projectors and flying cars. In fairy tales,
More informationUniversiti Teknologi MARA. Zakat Calculation System for Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), UiTM Melaka Campus Jasin
Universiti Teknologi MARA Zakat Calculation System for Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), UiTM Melaka Campus Jasin Nurshafinas Binti Muhammad Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements
More informationKEEP THIS COPY FOR REPRODUCTION Pý:RPCS.15i )OCUMENTATION PAGE 0 ''.1-AC7..<Z C. in;2re PORT DATE JPOTTYPE AND DATES COVERID
jajd - ri264 0 17 ''' MASTER COPY )OCUMENTATION PAGE 0 ''.1-AC7..
More informationGesture recognition with Kinect. Joakim Larsson
Gesture recognition with Kinect Joakim Larsson Outline Task description Kinect description AdaBoost Building a database Evaluation Task Description The task was to implement gesture detection for some
More information2.1 Review. 2.2 Inference and justifications
Applied Logic Lecture 2: Evidence Semantics for Intuitionistic Propositional Logic Formal logic and evidence CS 4860 Fall 2012 Tuesday, August 28, 2012 2.1 Review The purpose of logic is to make reasoning
More informationProject 1: Understanding the Temporal Contexts of Islam through the Qur an and Hadiths
Anonymous MIT student Professor Peter McMurray 21M.289 7 March 2015 Project 1: Understanding the Temporal Contexts of Islam through the Qur an and Hadiths Having very little exposure to Islam previous
More informationA Correlation of. To the. Language Arts Florida Standards (LAFS) Grade 4
A Correlation of To the Introduction This document demonstrates how, meets the. Correlation page references are to the Unit Module Teacher s Guides and are cited by grade, unit and page references. is
More informationTools Andrew Black CS 305 1
Tools Andrew Black CS 305 1 Critical Thinking Everyone thinks, all the time Why Critical Thinking? Much of our thinking is biased, distorted, partial, uninformed, or down-right prejudiced. This costs us
More informationInformation Extraction. CS6200 Information Retrieval (and a sort of advertisement for NLP in the spring)
Information Extraction CS6200 Information Retrieval (and a sort of advertisement for NLP in the spring) Information Extraction Automatically extract structure from text annotate document using tags to
More informationHoughton Mifflin English 2001 Houghton Mifflin Company Grade Three Grade Five
Houghton Mifflin English 2001 Houghton Mifflin Company Grade Three Grade Five correlated to Illinois Academic Standards English Language Arts Late Elementary STATE GOAL 1: Read with understanding and fluency.
More informationPrentice Hall U.S. History Modern America 2013
A Correlation of Prentice Hall U.S. History 2013 A Correlation of, 2013 Table of Contents Grades 9-10 Reading Standards for... 3 Writing Standards for... 9 Grades 11-12 Reading Standards for... 15 Writing
More informationReport on the Digital Tripitaka Koreana 2001
Report on the Digital Tripitaka Koreana 2001 In Sub Hur The Research Institute of Tripitakak Koreana, Korea 1. Introduction Since releasing TK 2000, many users reported the difficulty in its installation.
More informationEMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF SHARIAH REVIEW BY ISLAMIC BANKS IN MALAYSIA
EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF SHARIAH REVIEW BY ISLAMIC BANKS IN MALAYSIA Zariah Abu Samah&Rusni Hassan Abstract The key value proposition offered by Islamic banking and finance is an end-to-end
More informationArkansas English Language Arts Standards
A Correlation of ReadyGEN, 2016 To the To the Introduction This document demonstrates how ReadyGEN, 2016 meets the English Language Arts Standards (2016). Correlation page references are to the Unit Module
More informationTuen Mun Ling Liang Church
NCD insights Quality Characteristic ti Analysis & Trends for the Natural Church Development Journey of Tuen Mun Ling Liang Church January-213 Pastor for 27 years: Mok Hing Wan "Service attendance" "Our
More informationSTI 2018 Conference Proceedings
STI 2018 Conference Proceedings Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Science and Technology Indicators All papers published in this conference proceedings have been peer reviewed through
More informationMEDIEVAL ISLAMIC PRAGMATICS: SUNNI LEGAL THEORISTS' MODELS OF TEXTUAL COMMUNICATION (ROUTLEDGE ARABIC LINGUISTICS SERIES) BY MUHAMMAD M.
MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC PRAGMATICS: SUNNI LEGAL THEORISTS' MODELS OF TEXTUAL COMMUNICATION (ROUTLEDGE ARABIC LINGUISTICS SERIES) BY MUHAMMAD M. DOWNLOAD EBOOK : MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC PRAGMATICS: SUNNI LEGAL (ROUTLEDGE
More informationTENTATIVE SCHEDULE END-OF-SEMESTER EXAMINATION SEMESTER /2019
QBA1236 QBA2134 ACC2236 BUSINESS STATISTICS BUSINESS STATISTICS MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ACC2233 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING 3 DCT1234 STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING DES3241 ADVANCED PROGRAMMING DCS2243 OBJECT ORIENTED
More informationPrentice Hall United States History Survey Edition 2013
A Correlation of Prentice Hall Survey Edition 2013 Table of Contents Grades 9-10 Reading Standards... 3 Writing Standards... 10 Grades 11-12 Reading Standards... 18 Writing Standards... 25 2 Reading Standards
More informationIn the name of Allah, the Beneficent and Merciful S/5/100 report 1/12/1982 [December 1, 1982] Towards a worldwide strategy for Islamic policy (Points
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent and Merciful S/5/100 report 1/12/1982 [December 1, 1982] Towards a worldwide strategy for Islamic policy (Points of Departure, Elements, Procedures and Missions) This
More informationAnalyzing the activities of visitors of the Leiden Ranking website
Analyzing the activities of visitors of the Leiden Ranking website Nees Jan van Eck and Ludo Waltman Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands {ecknjpvan, waltmanlr}@cwts.leidenuniv.nl
More informationPearson myworld Geography Western Hemisphere 2011
A Correlation of Pearson Western Hemisphere 2011 Table of Contents Reading Standards for... 3 Writing Standards for... 9 A Correlation of, Reading Standards for Key Ideas and Details RH.6-8.1. Cite specific
More informationTechnical Committee of Experts on Islamic Banking and Finance. Third Session of OIC Statistical Commission April 2013 Ankara - Turkey
Technical Committee of Experts on Islamic Banking and Finance Third Session of OIC Statistical Commission 10-12 April 2013 Ankara - Turkey BACKGROUND Owing to the increasing importance of the role of statistics
More informationINTRODUCTION TO THE Holman Christian Standard Bible
INTRODUCTION TO THE Holman Christian Standard Bible The Bible is God s revelation to man. It is the only book that gives us accurate information about God, man s need, and God s provision for that need.
More informationArtificial Intelligence: Valid Arguments and Proof Systems. Prof. Deepak Khemani. Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Artificial Intelligence: Valid Arguments and Proof Systems Prof. Deepak Khemani Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Module 02 Lecture - 03 So in the last
More informationFINALIZED SCHEDULE END-OF-SEMESTER EXAMINATION SEMESTER /2019
FINALIZED SCHEDULE END-OF-SEMESTER EXAMINATION SEMESTER 1 2018/2019 DATE / DAY TIME CODE COURSE NAME QBA1236 QBA2134 ACC2236 DCT1234 DBF3231 BUSINESS STATISTICS BUSINESS STATISTICS MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
More informationA FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGNING CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION AND ACTIVITIES FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING SUPPORTING ENHANCED ISLAMIC AWARENESS
A FRAMEWORK FOR DESIGNING CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION AND ACTIVITIES FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING SUPPORTING ENHANCED ISLAMIC AWARENESS Roselainy Abdul Rahman 1, Nor Azizi Mohammad 1, Sabariah Baharun 2, Norzakiah
More informationVisual Analytics Based Authorship Discrimination Using Gaussian Mixture Models and Self Organising Maps: Application on Quran and Hadith
Visual Analytics Based Authorship Discrimination Using Gaussian Mixture Models and Self Organising Maps: Application on Quran and Hadith Halim Sayoud (&) USTHB University, Algiers, Algeria halim.sayoud@uni.de,
More informationSaint Bartholomew School Third Grade Curriculum Guide. Language Arts. Writing
Language Arts Reading (Literature) Locate and respond to key details Determine the message or moral in a folktale, fable, or myth Describe the qualities and actions of a character Differentiate between
More information1. Read, view, listen to, and evaluate written, visual, and oral communications. (CA 2-3, 5)
(Grade 6) I. Gather, Analyze and Apply Information and Ideas What All Students Should Know: By the end of grade 8, all students should know how to 1. Read, view, listen to, and evaluate written, visual,
More informationThis report is organized in four sections. The first section discusses the sample design. The next
2 This report is organized in four sections. The first section discusses the sample design. The next section describes data collection and fielding. The final two sections address weighting procedures
More informationIn The Name of ALLAH, Most Gracious, Most Merciful In The Name of ALLAH, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
INTRODUCTION The Holy Qur an is the Holy Book of ISLAM. The verses of the Holy Qur an were revealed to Prophet Mohammad (ppbuh) by the Angel Jebreel (Gabriel), over the period of twenty three [lunar (Hijri)]
More informationStrand 1: Reading Process
Prentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes 2005, Silver Level Arizona Academic Standards, Reading Standards Articulated by Grade Level (Grade 8) Strand 1: Reading Process Reading Process
More informationTranscription ICANN London IDN Variants Saturday 21 June 2014
Transcription ICANN London IDN Variants Saturday 21 June 2014 Note: The following is the output of transcribing from an audio. Although the transcription is largely accurate, in some cases it is incomplete
More informationImportance of Indigenous Software Development in Muslim Countries
Importance of Indigenous Software Development in Muslim Countries Professor Mohammed Zeki Khedher Jordan University In the name of Allah the Merciful, the Compassionate and Peace be upon Prophet Mohammed
More informationMacmillan/McGraw-Hill SCIENCE: A CLOSER LOOK 2011, Grade 1 Correlated with Common Core State Standards, Grade 1
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill SCIENCE: A CLOSER LOOK 2011, Grade 1 Common Core State Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects, Grades K-5 English Language Arts Standards»
More informationFOURTH GRADE. WE LIVE AS CHRISTIANS ~ Your child recognizes that the Holy Spirit gives us life and that the Holy Spirit gives us gifts.
FOURTH GRADE RELIGION LIVING AS CATHOLIC CHRISTIANS ~ Your child recognizes that Jesus preached the Good News. understands the meaning of the Kingdom of God. knows virtues of Faith, Hope, Love. recognizes
More informationA Question Answering System on Holy Quran Translation Based on Question Expansion Technique and Neural Network Classification
Journal of Computer Sciences Original Research Paper A Question Answering System on Holy Quran Translation Based on Question Expansion Technique and Neural Network Classification Suhaib Kh. Hamed and Mohd
More informationPrentice Hall United States History 1850 to the Present Florida Edition, 2013
A Correlation of Prentice Hall United States History To the & Draft Publishers' Criteria for History/Social Studies Table of Contents Grades 9-10 Reading Standards for Informational Text... 3 Writing Standards...
More informationStoryTown Reading/Language Arts Grade 3
Phonemic Awareness, Word Recognition and Fluency 1. Identify rhyming words with the same or different spelling patterns. 2. Use letter-sound knowledge and structural analysis to decode words. 3. Use knowledge
More informationStrand 1: Reading Process
Prentice Hall Literature: Timeless Voices, Timeless Themes 2005, Bronze Level Arizona Academic Standards, Reading Standards Articulated by Grade Level (Grade 7) Strand 1: Reading Process Reading Process
More informationLogic & Proofs. Chapter 3 Content. Sentential Logic Semantics. Contents: Studying this chapter will enable you to:
Sentential Logic Semantics Contents: Truth-Value Assignments and Truth-Functions Truth-Value Assignments Truth-Functions Introduction to the TruthLab Truth-Definition Logical Notions Truth-Trees Studying
More informationNPTEL NPTEL ONINE CERTIFICATION COURSE. Introduction to Machine Learning. Lecture-59 Ensemble Methods- Bagging,Committee Machines and Stacking
NPTEL NPTEL ONINE CERTIFICATION COURSE Introduction to Machine Learning Lecture-59 Ensemble Methods- Bagging,Committee Machines and Stacking Prof. Balaraman Ravindran Computer Science and Engineering Indian
More informationBiometrics Prof. Phalguni Gupta Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. Lecture No.
Biometrics Prof. Phalguni Gupta Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Lecture No. # 13 (Refer Slide Time: 00:16) So, in the last class, we were discussing
More informationMacmillan/McGraw-Hill SCIENCE: A CLOSER LOOK 2011, Grade 4 Correlated with Common Core State Standards, Grade 4
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill SCIENCE: A CLOSER LOOK 2011, Grade 4 Common Core State Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects, Grades K-5 English Language Arts Standards»
More informationSEEKING AN INTEGRATION OF ENGLISH AND ISLAMIC STUDIES A CASE OF ISLAMIC SCHOOLS IN AUSTRALIA
SEEKING AN INTEGRATION OF ENGLISH AND ISLAMIC STUDIES A CASE OF ISLAMIC SCHOOLS IN AUSTRALIA Ozan Angin Islamic pedagogy in the West is an area of increasing importance. However, literature specifically
More informationNumber of Jews in the world with emphasis on the United States and Israel
Number of Jews in the world with emphasis on the United States and Israel On the 20 th of December, 2010, the Steinhardt Institute in Brandeis University published new data regarding the size of the Jewish
More informationMs. Shruti Aggarwal Assistant Professor S.G.G.S.W.U. Fatehgarh Sahib
Ms. Shruti Aggarwal S.G.G.S.W.U. Fatehgarh Sahib Email: shruti_cse@sggswu.org Area of Specialization: Data Mining, Software Engineering, Databases Subjects Taught Languages Fundamentals of Computers, C,
More informationState of Christianity
State of Christianity 2018 Introduction Report by Jong Han, Religio Head of Research Peter Cetale, Religio CEO Purpose To inform on the overall state of Christianity and the churches in the United States
More informationMacmillan/McGraw-Hill SCIENCE: A CLOSER LOOK 2011, Grade 3 Correlated with Common Core State Standards, Grade 3
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill SCIENCE: A CLOSER LOOK 2011, Grade 3 Common Core State Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects, Grades K-5 English Language Arts Standards»
More informationChina Buddhism Encyclopedia Online Website Project.
China Buddhism Encyclopedia Online Website Project Www.chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com About CBE Author and main coordinator of the project Vello Vaartnou Project launched in December 2012 Project is developed
More informationIntroducing Our New Faculty
Dr. Isidoro Talavera Franklin University, Philosophy Ph.D. in Philosophy - Vanderbilt University M.A. in Philosophy - Vanderbilt University M.A. in Philosophy - University of Missouri M.S.E. in Math Education
More informationHow Should We Read the Qur an? [a simple and basic glimpse into the methodology of reading and understanding the Qur an]
How Should We Read the Qur an? [a simple and basic glimpse into the methodology of reading and understanding the Qur an] The Qur an is the word of Allah SWT and is a message for mankind until the end of
More informationMAST: A New Methodology for Bible Translation
MAST: A New Methodology for Bible Translation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnguvzsmtqs&feature=youtu.be&t=62 This video introduces you to a new methodology for accelerating Bible translation called
More informationGrade 7. correlated to the. Kentucky Middle School Core Content for Assessment, Reading and Writing Seventh Grade
Grade 7 correlated to the Kentucky Middle School Core Content for Assessment, Reading and Writing Seventh Grade McDougal Littell, Grade 7 2006 correlated to the Kentucky Middle School Core Reading and
More informationStoryTown Reading/Language Arts Grade 2
Phonemic Awareness, Word Recognition and Fluency 1. Identify rhyming words with the same or different spelling patterns. 2. Read regularly spelled multi-syllable words by sight. 3. Blend phonemes (sounds)
More informationTips for Using Logos Bible Software Version 3
Tips for Using Logos Bible Software Version 3 Revised January 14, 2010 Note: These instructions are for the Logos for Windows version 3, but the general principles apply to Logos for Macintosh version
More informationThe activity It is important to set ground rules to provide a safe environment where students are respected as they explore their own viewpoints.
Introduction In this activity, students distinguish between religious, scientific, metaphysical and moral ideas. It helps to frame the way students think about the world, and also helps them to understand,
More informationInternational experience. Local knowledge.
Prepared by: Le Beck International Ltd. (CR Nos: 8355401) 5 December 2016 www.lebeckinternational.com Prepared for: General Release Subject: Specialist Security Report Capabilities & Characteristics of
More informationA Proper Method Of Bible Study
Bible Study Principles A Proper Method Of Bible Study ➊ THE METHOD OF BIBLE STUDY SHOULD BE ONE OF GREAT CAREFULNESS The reading, searching, and studying of the Bible should be with great attention, and
More informationSouth Carolina English Language Arts / Houghton Mifflin English Grade Three
Reading Goal (R) The student will draw upon a variety of strategies to comprehend, interpret, analyze, and evaluate what he or she reads. READING PROCESS AND COMPREHENSION 3-R1 The student will integrate
More informationStudying Adaptive Learning Efficacy using Propensity Score Matching
Studying Adaptive Learning Efficacy using Propensity Score Matching Shirin Mojarad 1, Alfred Essa 1, Shahin Mojarad 1, Ryan S. Baker 2 McGraw-Hill Education 1, University of Pennsylvania 2 {shirin.mojarad,
More informationPerception of Individual Consumers toward Islamic Banking Products and Services in Pakistan
Vol.5 14 Perception of Individual Consumers toward Islamic Banking Products and Services in Pakistan Amer Sohail Assistant Professor Department of Management Sciences, University of Sargodha,Gujranwala
More informationREACH UP TO GOD. engaging in daily bible study networks for daily Bible reading and study.
SID DRAFT STRATEGIC PLAN DOCUMENT 2016-2020 REACH UP TO GOD Objectives Action Plans Objective Outcome Indicator (baseline assume 2013 survey data, OR December 2015 reports TBD)) 1.1. Promote daily personal
More informationIntelligent Agent for Information Extraction from Arabic Text without Machine Translation
Intelligent Agent for Information Extraction from Arabic Text without Machine Translation Tarek Helmy * Abdirahman Daud Information and Computer Science Department, College of Computer Science and Engineering,
More informationAnaphora Resolution in Hindi Language
International Journal of Information and Computation Technology. ISSN 0974-2239 Volume 3, Number 7 (2013), pp. 609-616 International Research Publications House http://www. irphouse.com /ijict.htm Anaphora
More informationFUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM IN DETERMINING HADITH 1 VALIDITY. 1. Introduction
1 FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM IN DETERMINING HADITH 1 VALIDITY M.H.Zahedi, M.Kahani and B.Minaei Faculty of Engineering Mashad Ferdowsi University Mashad, Iran ha_za71@stu-mail.um.ac.ir, kahani@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
More informationPunjab University, Chandigarh. Kurukshetra University, Haryana. Assistant Professor. Lecturer
Ms. Shruti Aggarwal Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science S.G.G.S.W.U. Fatehgarh Sahib Email Id: shruti_cse@sggswu.org Area of Specialization: Data Mining, Software Engineering, Databases
More informationUNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION. Address by Mr Federico Mayor
DG/95/9 Original: English/French UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION Address by Mr Federico Mayor Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
More informationOnline Mission Office Database Software
Online Mission Office Database Software When performance is measured, performance improves. When performance is measured and reported, the rate of improvement accelerates. - Elder Thomas S. Monson Brief
More informationThe Role of Internal Auditing in Ensuring Governance in Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIS) 1
Innovation and Knowledge Management: A Global Competitive Advantage 2158 The Role of Internal Auditing in Ensuring Governance in Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIS) 1 Yazkhiruni Yahya, Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
More informationSurveying Prof. Bharat Lohani Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. Module - 7 Lecture - 3 Levelling and Contouring
Surveying Prof. Bharat Lohani Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Module - 7 Lecture - 3 Levelling and Contouring (Refer Slide Time: 00:21) Welcome to this lecture series
More information(Refer Slide Time 03:00)
Artificial Intelligence Prof. Anupam Basu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 15 Resolution in FOPL In the last lecture we had discussed about
More informationMULTIRATE FILTERING FOR DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING: MATLAB APPLICATIONS BY LJILJANA MILIC
Read Online and Download Ebook MULTIRATE FILTERING FOR DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING: MATLAB APPLICATIONS BY LJILJANA MILIC DOWNLOAD EBOOK : MULTIRATE FILTERING FOR DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING: MATLAB APPLICATIONS
More informationC est à toi! Levels One, Two, Three 1 st edition, revised
Correlation of C est à toi! Levels One, Two, Three 1 st edition, revised to the New Jersey French Standards EMC/Paradigm Publishing 875 Montreal Way St. Paul, Minnesota 55102 800-328-1452 phone 800-328-4564
More informationGiving Leadership Away
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs Proceedings of the IATUL Conferences 2016 IATUL Proceedings Giving Leadership Away Gerald Beasley University of Alberta (Edmonton, Alberta) Gerald Beasley, "Giving Leadership
More informationHindu Paradigm of Evolution
lefkz Hkkjr Hindu Paradigm of Evolution Author Anil Chawla Creation of the universe by God is supposed to be the foundation of all Abrahmic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam). As per the theory
More informationTHE PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
Chapter Ten THE PHYSICAL EVIDENCE The fool says in his heart, There is no God. Such are corrupt; they do abominable deeds; there is not one who does good. The Lord looks down from heaven upon the children
More informationGuidelines for Research Essays on Scriptural Interpretation
Guidelines for Research Essays on Scriptural Interpretation 1. Choosing a Topic Your paper may be may deal with any topic related to interpretations of the Scriptures in the three Abrahamic religious traditions;
More informationBook Reviews. Rahim Acar, Marmara University
[Expositions 1.2 (2007) 223 240] Expositions (print) ISSN 1747-5368 doi:10.1558/expo.v1i2.223 Expositions (online) ISSN 1747-5376 Book Reviews Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Islamic Philosophy From its Origin to
More information