PELABURAN DANA SEDEKAH MENURUT PERSPEKTIF SYARIAH

Transcription

1 Bengkel Sedeqah House anjuran MARSAH PELABURAN DANA SEDEKAH MENURUT PERSPEKTIF SYARIAH Oleh: Dr Asmadi Mohamed Naim Assoc. Prof Islamic Business School Universiti Utara Malaysia

2 Economic welfare Content Preamble The Issues )7 )الحشر: of State األ غ ن ي اء م ن ك م Role in د ول ةAn ب ين ك ي ال ي كون The in order Role of that an it Islamic may not State (merely) in Islamic make a circuit between the wealthy among you. The Al-Qurtubi voluntary RH sector said: as in for Islamic the purpose economythat the leaders, wealthy people and those who have power to divide among them ignoring the poor and misfortune people.

3 Content Economic welfare The revival of Islam observed the demand to The practice Issues Islam of State as a Role way in of An life and new Islamic The economic Role of approach an Islamic was State part in of Islamic the revisit issue under this revival. The This voluntary effort was sector existed in Islamic in the midst economy of two very influential of major economic orderscapitalism and socialism.

4 Content Economic The wave of welfare the revival had pressured Muslim dominant countries to reconsider their practices The on economy Issues of in State accordance Role in to An the teaching of The Islam. Role of an Islamic State in Islamic The welfare economic and the role of state has become the main focus in implementing the The system. voluntary sector in Islamic economy However, the lack of recent references and practical experiences on current Islamic economy system was decelerated the implementation.

5 Economic welfare Content The Issues of State Role in An al-mawardi (D450H) The task Issues of government of State is Role to represent in An prophetic administrative in protection of religion (Hirasat al-din) and The governing Role the of world an Islamic (siyasat al-dunya). State in Islamic al-qalqashandi (D457H) also elaborated in depth the responsibilities of al-imamah (government) in Islamic economy. he explained in detail their responsibilities such as The implementing voluntary the zakat sector collection, in Islamic fay, ghanimah, economy jizyah, kharaj, hima land (public land) and al-irtifaq (public accommodation). His works was also considered among the earlier works in fiscal economy and evidence of the great of Islamic civilization.

6 Content fiscal policy in Islamic state Economic welfare The main elements of Faridi discussion were: i. Islamic economy has been characterized as a three-sector economy, namely, The Issues of State Role in An The a.the Role private of an sector, Islamic State in Islamic b.the voluntary sector, and The c.the voluntary public sector. in Islamic economy The three sectors working in conjunction, furnish the institutional framework of an Islamic state.

7 Economic welfare Content ii. Zakat provides the base of the fiscal system and defines its scope of operation within the general institutional framework of the Islamic economy. The Issues of State Role in An iii. The allocation, distribution and stabilization functions of an Islamic economy are processed and implemented through all these sectors jointly. The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic iv. Public sector s role is minimal but crucial in so far as it operates continuously to ensure an optimal allocation of community s resources, rectifies sub-optimal distribution of income, and introduces an element of stability.

8 Upholding amanah THE VOLUNTARY SECTOR IN ISLAMIC ECONOMY When discussing on government role in safe-guarding amanah, Two types there of are instruments two main divisions of amanah that must be alerted and uphold by them: i. people compulsory responsibility, and i) Authorities (al-wilayat) ii. people voluntary responsibilities. Among the integral responsibility of leader is to appoint and to give People authority compulsory to those who are responsibilities capable and qualified include to represent zakat, him in fay`, servicing kharaj, the people ghanimah and other specific commands from the state. ii) Assets (al-amwal) People voluntary responsibilities consists of sadaqah, waqaf and takaful. Assets are the trusts that must be protected by the leader which include government assets and inventories or people wealth as Islam recognized personal right to accumulate and generate wealth.

9 Content Economic welfare The Issues of State Threats: Role in An The Role Capitalism of an Islamic hijacks State the volunteerism in Islamic

10 Content Economic welfare The PROMOTING Issues of State CORPORATE Role in An SECTOR TO BE The MAIN Role of PLAYERS an Islamic IN VOLUNTARY State in Islamic SECTORS.

11 INVOLVEMENT OF CORPORATE IN VOLUNTARY SECTOR Sejak tahun 2006 sehingga 2009, jumlah manfaat Fisabillah Two types yang of telah instruments diterima oleh WANCorp berjumlah RM2,786, i. corporate compulsory responsibility, and ii. corporate voluntary responsibilities. Manakala jumlah agihan manfaat yang telah diserahkan kepada Corporate MAIJ berjumlah compulsory RM557, responsibilities include taxes and CSR program to the community. Malahan, Corporate WanCorp voluntary telah mengendalikan responsibilities perkhidmatan consists kesihatan di 13 buah rangkaian Klinik Waqaf An-Nur (KWAN) of sadaqah dan Pusat and Dialisis waqaf di 4 buah klinik dan sebuah hospital wakaf yang diuruskan oleh KPJ Healthcare Bhd

12 Content Economic welfare New paradigm The Issues of State Role in An Corporate sector plays a role as sedekah collector The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic and distributor! SEDEKAH HOUSE

13 Economic welfare Content Bank as contributor or enabler for charity institutions The Issues of State Role in An The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic New Role: Bank as a collector, manager and distributor

14 Economic welfare Content PRO AND CONS: BANK AS COLLECTOR, MANAGER AND DISTRIBUTOR The Issues of State Role in An The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic Pros The 1. voluntary Many branches sector in Islamic economy 2. Efficient online system 3. Very safe fund management

15 Economic Cons welfare Content The Issues of State Role in An 1.Banking sector is profit oriented. The 2.High Role management of Islamic fee State in Islamic 3.Fund is tag to certain duration The 4.Bank voluntary is not sector a tested in sedekah Islamic economy distributor 5.No incentive to act as enabler for charity body as bank has its own sedekah house

16 Economic welfare Content Typical problem in zakat and sedekah distribution The Issues of State Role in An The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic No KPI on distribution! New Banking Role! Question: Does bank willing to masuk keluar kampung to search for the unfortunate people?

17 Content Economic welfare The Issues of State Role in An The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic MODEL- MODEL BADAN SEDEKAH

18 MODEL PERTAMA BADAN KEBAJIKAN Economic welfare Content The Issues of State Role in An The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic Jutawan/ korporat Yayasan/ Badan Kebajikan menubuhkan The voluntary sector in Islamic economy yayasan $ Penerima manfaat

19 MODEL KEDUA BADAN KEBAJIKAN Content Economic welfare The Issues of State Role in An YAYASAN/ The BADAN Role KEBAJIKAN of an Islamic State in Islamic DITUBUHKAN OLEH INDIVIDU ATAU KUMPULAN MEMOHON BANTUAN MASYARAKAT UNTUK AKTIVITI BADAN KEBAJIKAN/NGO INDIVIDU/KORPORAT/MASYARAKAT $ Aktiviti-aktiviti / Penerima manfaat

20 MODEL KETIGA BADAN KEBAJIKAN Economic welfare Content INDIVIDU/KORPORAT/ MASYARAKAT The Issues of State Role in An The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic PENGURUS DANA SEDEKAH HOUSE Penerima sedekah

21 Content Economic Takyif welfare fiqhi utk model ketiga The Issues of State Role in An Penyumbang The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic Sedekah House } Wakalah/ agency Bank adalah wakil kepada penyumbang untuk mengurus dan memberi sedekah kepada yang layak

22 ISU-ISU: Economic welfare Content The Issues of State Role in An 1. Layakkan sedekah house memotong upah pengurusan? Tidak dinyatakan kepada penyumbang bank akan kenakan yuran pengurusan (bertentangan dengan konsep wakalah)! The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic 2. Bolehkan dilabur? Maqasid Syariah pada sedekah- segera sampai kepada yang memerlukan Lebihan dibenarkan sekiranya tidak melambatkan sumbangan kepada yang memerlukan

23 Content Economic welfare 3. Berhakkah pengurus berkongsi keuntungan dengan Dana Sedekah? Model ke 3: Bank adalah pengurus atau wakil, The Issues of State Role in An The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic dana adalah milik penyumbang. Semua keuntungan milik penyumbang. 4. Siapa penerima? Tidak terikat kepada asnaf zakat- Boleh diberi kepada badan-badan kebajikan, masjid-masjid

24 Economic Kaedah fiqh: welfare Content KELONGGARAN SYARAK UNTUK ISU-ISU TABARRU AT The Issues of State Role in An يغتفر في الفروع ما ال يغتفر في األصول The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic Fatwa pengurus dana boleh ambil keperluan/gaji pengurusan badan kebajikan sekadar keperluan walau tanpa menyatakan kepada penyumbang. maslahah (memenuhi maslahah menguruskan sebuah badan kebajikan) } Siapa pantau?

25 CADANGAN Economic welfare Content 1. Sedekah House di bawah kerangka CSR (tanpa mengambil The sebarang Issues upah/ of fee) State Role in An 2. Bank bekerja sama dengan majlis-majlis agama untuk The menguruskan Role of Sedekah an Islamic House State (juga di in bawah Islamic kerangka CSR: tanpa unsur keuntungan terhadap pengurusan mahupun pelaburan). Apa keuntungan bank dapat? Bank mendapatkan kecairan

26 Content Economic welfare The Issues of State Role in An The Role of an Islamic State in Islamic Terima Kasih Q & A