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1 Haven t taken the Japan test? You have a 0 in skyward! Place all graphic organizers/timelines & Middle East Maps on my desk. Create two separate piles. Make sure they are stapled or clipped together. Make sure your name is on them. Note - Essays are now worth the following: Pds 1, 3-5: 170 points Pd 6: 190 points 3/5/12

2 Unit 4: The Arab World Chapter 6: The World of Islam

3 Where did Civilization begin in the Middle East?

4 EARLY LIFE ON THE ARABIAN PENINSULA Civilization dates back thousands of years Mesopotamia (Cradle of Civilization) See Green Atlas, pp. 6-7, BEDOUINS nomads who herd sheep, camels, and goats Live mainly in tents Organized into tribes made up of related families Sheikh chief of a tribe, appointed by heads of the families Warfare was a common part of life (fought over watering holes, camels, pastures )

5 GROWTH OF TOWNS Many tribes settled around an oasis or in fertile valleys Oasis fertile area around springs and water holes that provides a permanent source of water Merchants began to create important market towns (Silk Road)

6 MECCA (MAKKAH) very important market town People from all over the Arabian Peninsula came here to trade People also came to worship at the Kaaba a sacred shrine that contained statues of many Arab deities

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9 Green Atlas Using the Green Atlas, answer the provided questions on the beginning of civilization in the Middle East.

10 Outlines/Graphic Organizers RESEARCH!! RESEARCH!! RESEARCH!! R? Make sure you have enough research completed to support your ideas. Writing Pollution in China is not enough Don t just put what I have said into outline form. EX? Example? Where? Structure? Structure of paper is unclear INC Organizer is incomplete; does not show effort 3? Are you following the Power of 3? Common Common themes? (Ex: Pollution, Workers Rights) Mod? Does the topic/topics have to do with modernization? Consider: Without modernization, how would Asia be? 3/6/12

11 Period 6: Quotes Use quotes that really help make your point! Don t use quotes to restate simple ideas like statistics, etc.

12 ISLAM PRE-QUIZ 1. People who practice Islam are called Islams. 2. People who practice Islam believe in the same god as Christians and Jews. 3. People who practice Islam do not believe in Jesus. 4. Christians, Jews and Muslims all believe in parts of the Bible. 5. Muslims pray 6 times a day. 6. Muslims pray in a church. 7. Islam is the world s fastest growing religion. 8. Islam is older than Christianity and Judaism. 9. Muslim religious leaders are called priests.

13 Guided Reading 6.1 (p. 188) You and a partner will create a guided reading for Chapter 6.1: Rise of Islam. Include the answers to your questions. MUST be typed. The guided reading MUST include the following topics: The Arab People Way of Life Early Religions (Polytheism) Early life of Muhammad Peace through submission to the will of Allah Muhammad s Revelations Hijrah Teachings of Muhammad Compare Islam & Christianity/Judaism Muhammad: Divine or Prophet? Quran 5 Pillars of Islam Muslim Law Code: Shari ah

14 Map Quiz: Arab World Take the map quiz. When you are done, complete the 6.1 Guided Reading with your partner. 3/7/12

15 See Me Immediately Claire Bensech Khalil Broxton Bridget Cavanagh Courtney Courtese Olivia Force Charlie Gallagher Chloe Gallant Tristan Gansky Lindsay Garcia Tom Hall Jake Hubley Austin Koosha Mayura Kulendran Eric Mattson Ryan Maykish Kathleen McCarrick Quan Mitchell Morgan O Donnell Jake Overton Maddie Raby Emily Shaer Skylar Smith Billy Tarloski Johnny Weaver 3/8/12

16 Type 2 Prompt List & explain the teachings of Muhammad that play a major role in Islam. Write at least five sentences.

17 Muhammad born in 570 in Mecca Had a revelation (vision) telling him to recite the word of Allah (God) Messages were written down in the Quran, holy book for Muslims MUHAMMAD Prophet of Islam

18 Muhammad s Teachings Abraham, Moses and Jesus tried to tell you! This is Allah s last message: the Quran Monotheism: ONE GOD Allah Afterlife/Salvation possible only through submission to Allah Muhammad NOT divine, was a prophet (messenger) Islam (religion) should control government/military. How would the ruling class have felt about that?? NOT GOOD!

19 Muhammad s Teachings Spread Hijrah - in 622 Muhammad and his followers left Mecca and went to Medina for safety NEW FOLLOWERS IN MEDINA 629/630 Muhammad and his followers (army) recaptured Mecca

20 Muhammad s Arab World Kaaba Mecca, Saudi Arabia Muhammad was more than just a RELIGIOUS leader, he was a MILITARY/POLITICAL leader. Do we combine religion and politics in the U.S?? Do many Arab nations combine them today?? Muhammad s followers/army conquered most of the Arab World (Middle East/North Africa). Kaaba became sacred site. Muhammad died 632 AD. After his death, Islam would spread as far as Spain. See Map on next slide

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23 Muhammad s Last Sermon Read & T2T: Muhammad s last sermon. Read the sermon and summarize each paragraph in the margins. What other observations can you make? Did not finish in 6 th period.

24 5 PILLARS OF ISLAM Faith (Belief in one god, Muhammad the prophet) Prayer (3-5 Times/day) Alms charity to the poor Fasting when? Pilgrimage to where? 3/9/12

25 Shari ah Law Muslim leaders developed Shari ah after Muhammad s death (632). Remember Religion/Politics/Military Based on Qur an & Muhammad s life Regulates: Family (Marriage is very important!) Business Government Morals No: Gambling, Pork, Alcohol

26 Question: Where do Muslims worship?

27 MOSQUE PLACE OF WORSHIP SCHOOL S H E L T E R C O U R T

28 T U R K E Y

29 LONDON

30 BRUNEI (Near Malaysia)

31 MALAYSIA

32 Id Kah Mosque China

33 Mosque of Shaikh M. R. Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Philadelphia, PA

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38 Question: Mecca is the most important city in Islam. What city in the Middle East, however, is important to all three of the following religions: Islam, Christianity, Judaism?

39 Where is Jerusalem?

40 IMPORTANT SITES IN JERUSALEM

41 WESTERN WALL (wailing wall) Section of the western wall that remains of the Jewish Temple destroyed in A.D. 70 Extremely sacred place for Jews

42 DOME OF THE ROCK Built to represent the greatness of Islam Built on the site of the rock on which Abraham went to sacrifice his son Also the site where Muhammad is thought to have ascended to Heaven

43 CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHER Built over the site of Jesus burial Extremely sacred to Christians

44 Multiple Intelligence Create a project on the Rise of Islam in the Arab World Create a: Poster Song Skit Dance Picto-Timeline NO GAMES Work in groups of 2-3 Topics: 1. Mosque 2. Muhammad 3. Hajj/Kaaba 4. 5 Pillars of Islam 5. Quran: Muhammad s Teachings 6. Hijrah

45 Friendly Reminder! Japan Test Makeups Elizabeth Amoriello Erika Bates Claire Benesch See Me Charlie Gallagher Mayura Kulendran Kathleen McCarrick Dustin Mintzer Billy Tarloski See Me Map Quiz Makeups Claire Benesch Bridget Cavanagh Emily Cruice Olivia Force Tom Hall 3/12/12

46 Multiple Intelligence Create a project on the Rise of Islam in the Arab World Create a: Poster Song Skit Dance Picto-Timeline NO GAMES Work in groups of 2-3 Topics: 1. Mosque 2. Muhammad 3. Hajj/Kaaba 4. 5 Pillars of Islam 5. Quran: Muhammad s Teachings 6. Hijrah Tuesday: Research Work Period Wednesday: MI Activity Work and Presentations

47 3/13/12 Research Work Period

48 Multiple Intelligence Complete & Present Create a project on the Rise of Islam in the Arab World Create a: Poster Song Skit Dance Picto-Timeline NO GAMES Work in groups of 2-3 Topics: 1. Mosque 2. Muhammad 3. Hajj/Kaaba 4. 5 Pillars of Islam 5. Quran: Muhammad s Teachings 6. Hijrah Complete your activity and prepare to share. 3/14/12

49 Last Chance Work Period: Modernization Final Essays due to Turnitin.com by 7:40 AM on Monday 3/19 Turn in EVERYTHING else (organizers, rough drafts, research, notes, etc.) to Mr. Hess on 3/19 as well. Make sure it is bound in some BLOCK DAYS 3/15/12 & 3/16/12 way (clips, folder, etc.)

50 Islam Quiz: Wednesday 3/21 See Me: Erika Bates Claire Benesch Bridget Cavanagh Charlie Gallagher Mayura Kulendran 3/19/12

51 Modernization Essay Due Paper should have been uploaded to by 7:40 AM. Must include bibliography. Complete the self-evaluation form. Hand in EVERYTHING else on the back counter. Include the self-evaluation form ON TOP of your pile.

52 In your notes.. Unit 4: The Arab World Chapter 6.2: Arab Empire & Its Successors Islam AFTER Muhammad

53 ISLAM AFTER MUHAMMAD WHAT NOW????

54 RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS After Muhammad died the Muslims had to choose a new leader, or caliph Caliph means "successor, it was the title given to the leader of the Muslims The first four caliphs were chosen for life: a. Abu Bakr Muhammad s father-in-law (supported by Sunnis) and first caliph b. Ali Muhammad s cousin and son-in-law (supported by Shiites)

55 CALIPHS SPREAD ISLAM Muslims were looking to: Expand Islam & Acquire agricultural wealth of surrounding empires to meet needs of a growing population Many early caliphs were actually assassinated Because of cultural differences and internal disagreements about SUCCESSION, Islam would eventually split: Sunni & Shiites

56 The Rashidun ( ) The Rule of the Four Righted Guided Caliphs Name Ruled Died Known For Abu Bakr 1st Caliph elected Natural causes, appointed his successor Quelled rebellion and united Arabia Umar ibn al- Khattab 2nd Caliph appointed Stabbed in a Medina mosque by a POW with a personal grudge. Wars of expansion (power not religion but religion followed) to the greater Middle East Uthman ibn Affan 3rd Caliph elected Assassinated by those from the elite of Medina over the rise of status and power of the Umayyad clan. Expanded the empire to North Africa and Central Asia- but with much political cost. Standardized the Qu ran. Ali ibn Abu Talib 4th Caliph/1st Imam elected Assassinated by Kharajiites, a group of dissenters to Ali s rule Ruled during the first Fitnah (civil war). His place in history is denoted more for who he was rather than what he did.

57 Sunni Shi a Believers Called Sunnis Shiites, Shi I Meaning of Name well-trodden path or tradition Estimated Followers 940 million 120 million % of Muslim population 90% 10% party or partisans of Ali Primary locations Most Muslim countries Iran, Iraq, Yemen Belief that Muhammad designated a successor? True Successor of the Prophet No Abu Bakr Yes Ali ibn Abu Talib Sunni & Shiites Today Qualifications for rule Any qualified leader Family of the Prophet Historical Leaders Caliphs Imams Concealing Faith for Self- Protection (taqiya) Under special circumstances only Emphasized Temporary Marriage Not allowed Still Practiced Holy Cities Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, Najaf, Karbala Major Holidays Eid al-adha, Eid al-fitr Eid al-adha, Eid al-fitr, Ashura Frequency of Prayer Five Times a Day Five Times a Day although prayer is sometimes altered to 3 times a day by combining the morning and evening prayers together.

58 Despite the differences between the Sunni & Shiites, Islam spread...

59 Reasons for the success of the Arab armies: 1. united in their belief and desire to spread Islam Idea of Jihad holy struggle to bring Islam to other lands

60 Reasons for the success of the Arab armies: 2. Surrounding empires (Byzantine and Persian) were both weakened by continual warfare

61 Reasons for the success of the Arab armies: 3. People in Byzantine and Persian Empires preferred rule by Muslims MUSLIMS I think I ll go with the Muslims. The Persians have been mean to me for sooooo long. PERSIANS

62 As Islam spread, with which religion do you think it came into conflict?

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64 THE CRUSADES What? - a series of wars fought between European Christians and Middle Eastern Muslims When? roughly Why? control of the Holy Land (Jerusalem and surrounding areas)

65 EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES 1. Stimulated trade throughout the Mediterranean world 2. Increased the use of banking and credit 3. Helped break down feudalism - Kings gained power, nobles lost it 4. Increased sense of nationalism in Europe

66 ISLAM QUIZ: WEDNESDAY 3/21

67 Type 2 Prompt What happened to Islam between AD (after the death of Muhammad)? Write at least 3-4 lines.

68 Attention: If you have turned in a late paper on turnitin.com, you need to let Mr. Hess know if you want the 0 taken off of skyward! In your notes... Unit 4: The Arab World Chapter 6.3: Islamic Civilization Chapter 6.4: The Culture of Islam 3/20/12

69 MEN 1. Qur an states that men are responsible for women 2. Participate in politics, military, business 3. At age 7 most boys enter mosque schools 4. Some continued education at a madrasas theological schools

70 WOMEN 1. Her social position is determined by her role as wife, mother, daughter or sister 2. Islam improved position of women by forbidding ancient customs such as the killing of female infants and by limiting polygamy (more than one wife) 3. Islam gave women control over their property 4. Upper class women had opportunities in business, literature

71 CITY and COUNTRY Most Muslims lived in rural or desert areas, but leadership came from cities Cities became major trading centers Cities were separated into business and residential districts

72 TRADE and BAZAAR Muslims dominated trade in the Middle East and North Africa until about 1400 Caravans traveled as far east as India and China Caravans also traded with Africa and Europe Most trading took place in bazaars marketplaces. Consisted of shops and stalls Men would meet at bazaars for trade, but also to discuss politics and business

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74 ISLAMIC ACHIEVEMENTS By the year 800 Muslims enjoyed a period of cultural achievement that enabled them to make great strides in many areas Arabic became the common language, enabling people from different areas to communicate Sultan Ahmed Mosque

75 HOUSE OF WISDOM During the 800s the city of Baghdad became a leading cultural and intellectual center Influenced by Greece and India Baghdad Physician learning a medical procedure House of Wisdom a center for learning founded in 830 that specialized in the translation into Arabic of Persian, Greek, and Indian scientific texts

76 MATHEMATICS 1. Invented algebra (you re welcome) 2. Adopted Indian numerals (Arabic Numerals) and used them in a place value system

77 ASTRONOMY & GEOGRAPHY 1. Accurately described solar eclipses 2. Proved the moon affects tides 3. Produced the first accurate maps of the Eastern Hemisphere

78 CHEMISTRY & MEDICINE 1. Classified chemical substances as animal, mineral, or vegetable 2. Wrote a book describing the origins of diseases 2. Wrote Canon of Medicine, which describe the functions of the organs and offered diagnosis and treatments for diseases

79 ART & ARCHITECTURE Opposed to the worship of idols, discouraged making images of living creatures Used calligraphy art of elegant handwriting to decorate walls, mosques, buildings Arabesques geometric designs that decorate books, carpets, swords, and entire walls Best architecture is seen in mosques Dome of the Rock Jerusalem, Israel

80 CALLIGRAPHY

81 ARABESQUES

82 studied this building earlier this year. What t? What does it exemplify?

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84 PHILOSOPHY & HISTORY Muslim philosophers tried to reconcile the Quran with ancient Greek philosophy Much of their work on Greek philosophy was used in Western Europe Also very interested in examining and writing about history, they moved from chronicles, accounts that simply arrange events in order, to more scientific examinations that view history as a process and a series of cause and effect relationships Aristotle Greek Philosopher

85 Islam Quiz: Wednesday 3/21

86 Quiz Review Create a possible test question (w/answers) for each of the following topics: Geography of the Arab World Ancient Mesopotamia Muhammad s Revelations Muhammad s Teachings/Qur an 5 Pillars of Islam Shari ah Law Islam after Muhammad (Sunni & Shi a) Islamic Art/Culture Islamic Achievements in Knowledge Create these questions in your notes. They will be checked tomorrow in class.

87 3/21/12 Islam Quiz

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