Deserts. Sahara (North Africa) & Arabian Desert
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1 MIDDLE EAST
2 Middle East Climate
3 Deserts Sahara (North Africa) & Arabian Desert
4 Desert Landscape Sand dunes 15% of Sahara Rocky desert 85% of Sahara
5 Areas With Freshwater Areas with Mediterranean Climate Same climate as So. Cal. Rainy winter, Dry summer On Med. coast above 32 o N
6 Areas With Water Mountains Atlas Mtns. Zagros Mtns. Yemen
7 Mountains of Yemen
8 Areas With Water River Valleys Nile River Tigris & Euphrates
9 River Valleys Ancient Civilizations Nile Valley - Egypt
10 LANGUAGES Arabic Originated in Arabian Peninsula South of Taurus & Zagros Mtns.
11 Arabic
12 LANGUAGES Non-Arab Mountainous North Turkish Farsi in
13 LANGUAGES Hebrew in.
14 ISLAM Followers are Muslims Began with Muhammad Lived ~ 600 AD Born in Mecca (Saudi Arabia) Holiest City
15 Five Pillars of Islam 1. Make a profession of faith There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His prophet
16 PILLARS OF ISLAM 2. Pray 5x/day towards Mecca 3. Charity
17 PILLARS OF ISLAM 4. Daytime fasting during Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca
18 Islam Division Sunni Muslims Most Muslim countries Shi ite Muslims Iran, Iraq
19 THE MAGHREB 3 Countries: M.A.T. Were French Colonies until 1950s Atlas Mtns. Med. Climate Sahara
20 ATLAS MOUNTAINS Over 13,000 in Highest mtns
21 MOROCCO Strait of Gibraltar
22 MOROCCO Casablanca
23 EGYPT Most Populated Nile River Water supply Floods Deposited fertile silt
24 Nile River Valley 95% of Egypt s pop.
25 Aswan High Dam & Lake Nasser Benefits: Electricity Year-round irrigation More ag production Benefits of Dam:
26 Aswan High Dam & Lake Nasser Negative Effects: Silt trapped. No more floods depositing fertile silt Med Sea fishing
27 Cairo Largest city Only subway
28 Giza Pyramids
29 Alexandria 2 nd largest city Summer
30 Suez Canal Mediterranean Red Sea Built 1860s By Brit & French 1956 Egypt gained control Tolls
31 Sinai Peninsula Mt. Sinai
32 Mt. Sinai Moses 10 Commandments
33 LEBANON Mediterranean Climate No desert
34 LEBANON Mountains (10,000 ) Cedar Forests
35 LEBANON Beirut - capital
36 LEBANON Ancient Home of the Phoenicians Became Christian Arab Conquest, 700 AD Brought Islam Under French control 1920s-1940s French is the 2 nd language
37 LEBANON Diverse population 60% Muslim 40% Christian
38 LEBANON Civil War 1980s Christians vs. Muslims Emigration of Christians Peaceful now
39 ISRAEL 1/50 the size of Calif. Unique religion/language of the Mid East
40 Israel s People 80% Jewish, Hebrew-speaking
41 ISRAEL S PEOPLE 20% Muslim Arabs
42 ISRAEL Country est Historically called Palestine Med. Sea in west Water Features in east Sea of Galilee Main source of freshwater Jordan River Dead Sea
43 DEAD SEA 1300 below sea level. Lowest elevation.. Extremely salty
44 Dead Sea
45 ISRAEL S CLIMATE North ½ Med climate Rainy in winter South ½ - Negev Desert
46 Negev Desert in South
47 The Promised Land of the Jews God promised Palestine to Abraham s Descendants Jews are Abraham s Descendants Jerusalem Jewish Capital King Solomon s temple Destroyed in 70 A.D. Western Wall remains Holiest Place for Jews
48 Jerusalem Dome of the Rock Holy for Muslims Muhammad rose to heaven
49 Jerusalem Holiest Place for Christians Jesus death (crucifixion) & resurrection
50 Arab-Jewish Conflict Britain ruled 1920s 1940s UN plan to divide Palestine Jewish state ( Israel ) (green on map) Est Arab state ( Palestine ) (yellow on map) Not accepted by Arabs
51 Arab-Jewish Conflict Both believe Palestine should be theirs Promised land for Jews Arabs lived there s AD
52 ARAB-JEWISH WARS Israel conquered additional land after 1948 West Bank Gaza Strip
53 JORDAN Desert Petra
54
55 SYRIA Civil War 2011-Present (2016) 3-way war Govt, Rebels, & ISIS ( Islamic State ) ISIS Group of Islamic extremists Want strict Islamic law Conquering much of Syria & Iraq Violence against: Christians Moderate Muslims
56 SYRIA S CIVIL WAR Mass Migration of Refugees 4 mln left Syria (20% of population) Many trying to go to Europe Esp. Germany
57 IRAQ Mesopotamia T & E Rivers World s first: Agriculture Cities (Babylon )
58 IRAQ Was led by Saddam Hussein Overthrown in U.S. invasion 2003 ISIS controls parts of Iraq
59 ARABIAN PENINSULA Saudi Arabia Yemen Oman United Arab Emirates Qatar Bahrain Kuwait
60 Desert Nomads Bedouins Herders of
61
62 PERSIAN GULF 60% of World s Oil #1 Saudi Arabia
63 Oil Exports from the Persian Gulf Exported to: Europe & Japan USA (12% of U.S. oil demand)
64 PERSIAN GULF CITIES Oil Wealth Rapid Urban Development
65 DUBAI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES World s tallest building
66 DUBAI Incredible shopping malls
67 TURKEY In Europe & Asia
68 BOSPORUS STRAIT Europe Asia
69 ISTANBUL On the Bosporus Old name: Constantinople Center for Christianity until 1400s
70 TURKEY S CLIMATE Mostly Mediterranean No desert Xlnt Agriculture
71 Iran Old name = Persia 1979 Revolution Relations with USA Trying to develop Nuclear Weapons?
72 AFGHANISTAN Desert & Mtns (25,000 ) Difficult to conquer or control
73 Afghan People Muslim, but not Arab Pashto Language Very Poor Opium
74 AFGHANISTAN HISTORY Ruled by Taliban, 1990s Permitted al-qaeda training bases Osama bin Laden founded/funded Al-Qaeda From Saudi Arabia Killed 2011
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