THE LAST NOMADIC CHALLENGES FROM CHINGGIS KHAN TO TIMUR

Transcription

1 THE LAST NOMADIC CHALLENGES FROM CHINGGIS KHAN TO TIMUR

2

3 CHINGGIS KHAN BORN AS TEMUJIN= CHINGGIS KHAN ( UNIVERSAL RULER) UNITED THE MONGOLS IN 1206 DIED 1226 BUILT THE LARGEST LAND EMPIRE IN HISTORY

4

5 Mongol life Basic social unit was the tribe- clan Pastoral nomads, renowned horsemen Lifted off their animals- meat/milk It was a hard life, only the tough survived

6 Typical Mongolian Yurt/ Ger

7 Wagon pulled Gers made moving easier

8 The Mongol War Machine They were great horsemen and archers Used speed and mobility-surprise attacks Chinggis introduced severe discipline Used spies and informers to get accurate maps

9

10

11

12

13 The Devil s Horsemen 1207 it starts, attacks China first Mongols develop weapons to defeat walled cities If you resisted- you died If you surrendered you paid tribute but were usually spared Stories were spread to raise terror

14 After China they attacked westward By 1227 the Mongol empire stretched from Northern China to the Persian Gulf Established his capital at Karakorum

15 Life under the Mongols Generally they were tolerant, cared little about your religion- just pay your taxes please Chinggis summoned many intellectuals to his court Drew up a legal code intended to end tribal divisions Could be cruel when needed

16 Chinggis Khan s Tax law If you do not pay homage we will take your property, If you do not have property we will take your children, If you do not have children we will take your wife, If you do not have a wife we will take your head.

17 The Mongol Peace Like the Pax Romana, the Pax Mongolia was a time when trade increased, cultural exchanges flourished It was said that you could walk from one end of the empire to the other with a gold bowl on your head undisturbed as no on would dare harm you

18 After Chinggis His empire grew and they looked towards Europe This was the Golden Horde named after their tents Batu led the way, by 1240 they had all of Russia under their control Again they demanded tribute Moscow actually grew due to being the collection point, fostered trade

19 Russian under the Mongol Yoke The Russian peasants were made serfs and were not freed till 1865 Moscow became Russia s capital In 1380 they finally threw the Mongols out, but the time under Mongol rule cut Russia off culturally and politically

20 The Assault on Islam In 1258 Baghdad was conquered Many cities were destroyed by the Mongols In 1260 Baibars defeated the Mongols, but much of the Islamic world was wiped out

21

22 Kublai Khan

23 Mongol Rule over China It lasted only 100 years but had radical effects Opened China to the rest of the world They changed their dynasty name to YUAN, society was also rearranged with the top spots for Mongols and their allies

24 MARCO POLO

25 For 17 years a Venetian trader named Marco Polo lived at the Mongol court He was allowed to travel freely throughout the land His accounts are still studied and debated, but provide great insight into the era.

26 China conquers the Mongols Mongol women rebelled against traditional Chinese roles for women, practices like footbinding. In the end Mongol women began to lose status in China Many different cultures were prominent in the Yuan court- Muslims, Christians etc

27 Most Chinese scholars and aristocrat refused to accept the Mongols as anything but barbarians Trade and cities flourished during the time of peace, but Eventually the Chinese rebelled and the Yuan were overthrown

28 The time spent living in China had softened the Mongols. Agriculture was in a shambles, inflation was high bad times After their overthrow they retreated back to central Asia Ju Yuanzhang, a peasant founded the MING dynasty.

29

30 One last gasp The last nomadic wave followed in the 1360 s with Timur-I Lang (Tamerlane) it was short lived and did not have near the effect of the Mongols In 1405 his kingdom fell apart

31 summary The Mongol invasions paved the way for Moscow to dominate Russia, centralize power- sets up the Czars Ended Islamic regimes in many areas Created a trade zone that linked much of the world Brought effective tolerant government to much of Asia