THE HINDU SCRIPTURES

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "THE HINDU SCRIPTURES"

Transcription

1 THE HINDU SCRIPTURES

2 Simple Christians have the Bible Hindus have the Vedas Actually, it is much more complicated

3 TIMELINE (written)* SRUTI SMRITI (BC) (AD) Note: dates for the Vedas(samhitas) can vary more than 1,000 years MAHABHARATA VEDAS & RAMAYANA BRAHMANAS TANTRAS ARANYAKAS PURANAS UPANISHADS *some were orally transmitted prior to this DARSHANAS

4 TWO TYPES OF SCRIPTURES SHRUTI ( heard ) heard by the rishis direct from God The Vedas Samhitas, Brahmanas, Arayakas, Upanishads SMRITI ( remembered ) -Itihasas (History or Epics) -Puranas (Mythology) -Dharma Shastras- Law Codes -Agamas & Tantras- Sectarian Scriptures. -Darshanas- Manuals of Philosophy *

5 THE *VEDAS *Note: Veda is used in multiple ways: 1. Referring to the oldest hymn portions (Samhitas) 2. Referring to the collection of samhitas, brahmanas, aranyakas, and upanishads 3. Shaivites and Vaishnavites often include the Agamas by this term 4. Many also include the Gita by this term

6 THE VEDAS (Samhitas) The Rig Veda 10,552 hymns The Sama Veda 1,875 hymns--mostly Rig Veda repeated The Yajur Veda Vedic sacrificial manuals The Atharva Veda Incantations, spells, mystical poetry

7 Searching for the VEDAS You want a copy of the Vedas? -you won t find it in the library -you won t find it in the bookstores -you might find a concise, edited version -when you find it

8 When were they written? Nobody knows exactly -The oldest Veda (Rig) reached its final stage of compilation about 1000 B.C. -Different dates given Tilak: 6000 B.C. Jacobi: 4500 B.C. Mueller: 1200 B.C.

9 The Rig Veda Rig Veda Book 3 Hymn Thee Agni, God, Imperial Lord of all mankind, do mortal men With understanding kindle at the sacrifice. 2 They laud thee in their solemn rites, Agni, as Minister and Priest, shine forth in thine own home as guardian of the Law. 3 He, verily, who honours thee with fuel, Knower of all life, He, Agni! wins heroic might, he prospers well.

10 The Sama Veda sama means song or hymn Rig Veda rearranged for ritual use Usually sung from high to low pitch, never moving between pitches, lulling the mind 1875 mantras making 4000 hymns

11 The Yajur Veda Formulae and verses for sacrifices Yaj means sacrifice The white and black Yajur Vedas: two different schools of the Yajur emerged: 1) Tattitiya Samhita (Krishna/black) more prevalent in southern India 2) Vajasaneyi Samhita (Shukla/white) clearly demarcates samhita and brahmanas

12 A little more complicated Four recensions of Krishna (black) Yajurveda: -taittirīya saṃhita -maitrayani saṃhita -caraka-katha saṃhita -kapiṣṭhala-katha saṃhita Two recensions of the (white) Shukla: -Vajasaneyi Madhyandiniya -Vajasaneyi Kanva

13 Even more complicated Each recension has its own version of: Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and Upanishads E.g. The Taittiriya Shakha (branch): Taittiriya Samhita, Taittiriya Brahmana Taittiriya Aaranyaka, Taittiriya Upanishad and the Mahaanaarayana Upanishad.

14 Yajur Veda (Taittiriya Samhita) [6]. Indra slew Vrtra, he died upon the waters. Of the waters what was fit for sacrifice, pure, and divine, that went out of the waters, and became Darbha grass. In that he purifies (the sacrificer) with bunches of Darbha grass, verily he purifies him with the waters which are fit for sacrifice, pure, and divine. He purifies (him) with two (stalks); verily he purifies him by days and nights. He purifies (him) with three (stalks); three are these worlds; verily he purifies him by these worlds. He purifies (him) with five stalks [7]; the Pankti has five syllables, the sacrifice is fivefold; verily he purifies him by the sacrifice. He purifies (him) with six (stalks); six are the seasons; verily he purifies him by the seasons. He purifies (him) with seven (stalks); seven are the metres; verily he purifies him by the metres. He purifies (him) with nine (stalks); nine are the breaths in man; verily he purifies him along with his breaths. He purifies (him) with twenty-one (stalks); there are ten fingers and ten toes, and the body is the twenty first; he thus completely purifies the man.

15 The Atharva Veda Incantations, charms and spells to counteract evil; marriages and funerals. 20 books or kandas; 750 hymns, 6,000 verses

16 SAMPLE: Atharva Veda I, 23. Leprosy cured by a dark plant. 1. Born by night art thou, O plant, dark, black, sable. Do thou, that art rich in colour, stain this leprosy, and the gray spots! 2. The leprosy and the gray spots drive away from here-- may thy native colour settle upon thee--the white spots cause to fly away! 3. Sable is thy hiding-place, sable thy dwelling-place, sable art thou, O plant: drive away from here the speckled spots! 4. The leprosy which has originated in the bones, and that which has originated in the body and upon the skin, the white mark begotten of corruption, I have destroyed with my charm. *

17 Upavedas Secular texts connected to the Vedas Political- Rig Music and art- Sama Archery and war- Yajur Medicine- Atharva

18 The Vedangas Though not shruti, they are important for the study of the Veda Siksa- pronunciation Kalpa- details of ritual Vyakarana- grammar Nirukta- etymology of rare words Chanda- explain and practice verse meter Jyotisa- planetary astrology The memorization of the Vedas was very precise: memorization of them in multiple ways (e.g. forward and backward), recited in a particular pitch, along with precise movements of the arm and fingers.

19 Vedic Gods Agni Indra Varuna

20 Vedic Gods Surya Soma

21 THE VEDAS (entire) In addition to the oldest portion, the hymns, there are three other portions: (The Samhitas) The Brahmanas The Aranyakas The Upanishads

22 The Brahmanas Circa B.C. Details of ritual and sacrificial rites and duties; commentaries on rituals and prayers on the four vedas (Samhitas)

23 The Brahmanas Rig Brahmanas The Aitareya Brahmana Kaushitaki or Sankhayana Brahmana Sama Brahmanas 8 Brahamanas Yajur Brahmanas Shatapatha Brahmana (white)100 lectures Taittiriya Brahmana (black) Atharva Brahmanas Gopatha Brahmana

24 The Aranyakas Circa B.C., Spiritual/mystical interpretations of rituals and ceremonies. Called forest texts as they were from ascetics of the forest

25 The Aranyakas Each Aranyakas is associated with a Brahmana, sometimes having more than one; the Atharva has none.

26 The Upanishads Those who sit near - the teachings of gurus to their students Doctrines of caste, karma, and reincarnation are more fully developed in these writings

27 UPANISHADS Inversion of Influence- older texts of the Veda are not as influential as the later philosophical portions (the Upanishads)

28 Upanishad Basics When?? B.C. is the most likely range; some in recent centuries Who? No one knows. Sages who taught. Upanishad = one who sits near How Many? 12 are most important (acc. to Sankara, 8 th century) 108 important many more-- 240?

29 Upanishads Topics: -states of consciousness -dreams, meditation -the world within the mind and soul -self-realization (that you are divine) -the unity of all things

30 The Four Great Vedic (Upanishad) Statements 1. TAT TVAM ASI (You are *that). (Sama Veda Chandogy Upanishad) 2. AHAM BRAHMASMI (I am Brahman). (Yajur Veda Brhadaranyak Upanishad 3. AYAM ATMA BRAHMAN (This Self is Brahman). (Atharva Veda Manduky Upanishad) 4. PRAGNANAM BRAHMAN (Brahman is consciouness). (Rig Veda - Aitarey Upanishad) * that is the Upanishadic way of referring to the ultimate, yet indescribable Reality

31 SAMPLE: Upanishad The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Chapter 11 (4.5)

32 SAMPLE: Upanishad Chandogya Upanishad *

33 Vedas, division of Karma kanda (ritual) Samhitas and Brahmanas Jnana kanda (knowledge) Aranyakas and Upanishads

34 Shruti Smriti

35 DARSHANAS Exhibitions or philosophical systems developed out of the Vedas by various teachers or schools. SIX FAMOUS SCHOOLS: Nyaya Sankhya Mimansa Vaiseshika Yoga Vedanta

36 PURANAS A.D major books and 18 minor books relating to the Trimurti- Brahma, Vishnu, & Shiva Popular mythology that is well-known by the common people of India POPULAR HINDUISM TODAY

37 SAMPLE: Puranas Summary from the Siva Purana

38 AGAMAS: Basics Texts of the Trimurti -Siva Agamas (28) -Vishnu Agamas (108) -Devi Agamas (Tantras) (77) Shiva Vishnu Parvati

39 TANTRAS A.D Numerous writings (mainly in dialogue form) between Shiva and his consort, Parvati (Durga) Belief that true power resides in the feminine aspect of deity, worship of the mother goddess, from which Shakti or power comes.

40 TANTRAS Two forms of tantrism: right-handed (symbolic) left-handed (literal/sexual) Three schools: Kaula (taboo breaking) Mishra (external and internal mixed) Samaya (meditative)

41 EPICS (itihasa) 1. MAHABHARATA (Gita)

42 Mahabharata Mythology of the war between two families (cousins), Pandavas v. Kauravas The longest epic poem Contains the Bhagavad Gita perhaps the most popular scripture

43 EPICS 2. Ramayana

44 Dharma Shastras Code of Manu Other law codes (Arth, Niti, etc.)

45 Ramayana The life of a noble king, Ram while in exile, his wife, Sita is abducted by the evil king, Ravana. Hanuman (the monkey god) and other cohorts help Ram rescue Sita. written by Valmiki in 3 rd century B.C. other language translations exist with variations

Slide 1 THE HINDU SCRIPTURES

Slide 1 THE HINDU SCRIPTURES Slide 1 THE HINDU SCRIPTURES Slide 2 Simple Christians have the Bible Hindus have the Vedas The truth is much more complicated Slide 3 TIMELINE (written)* SRUTI SMRITI (BC) 1500 800 400 0 400 800 1200

More information

Hindu Scriptures can be classified under six orthodox heads. The six orthodox sections form the authoritative scriptures of the Hindus.

Hindu Scriptures can be classified under six orthodox heads. The six orthodox sections form the authoritative scriptures of the Hindus. HINDU SCRIPTURES (Contents taken from the book - ALL ABOUT HINDUISM by Swami Sivananda. Also refer to the book - Hindu Culture An Introduction by Swami Tejomayananda) Hindu Scriptures can be classified

More information

4. Which veda contains the dialogue between Yam and Yami?

4. Which veda contains the dialogue between Yam and Yami? BA SANSKRIT - VEDIC LITERATURE For Private Registration to BA Sanskrit(General)Programme 1. The word Vedas means 1. Intelligence 2. Word 3. Knowledge 2. The period of transition from the vedic to the classical

More information

HINDUISM By Dr. Michael R. Lanier

HINDUISM By Dr. Michael R. Lanier HINDUISM By Dr. Michael R. Lanier GENERAL Hinduism has a philosophy to explain life, a law to direct life, a high road to truth through contemplation and mystical experience, and a popular road of worship

More information

What Makes Something Hindu?

What Makes Something Hindu? Hinduism Richard G. Howe, Ph.D. based on Corduan, Winfried. Neighboring Faiths: A Christian Introduction to World Religions. 2 nd ed. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2012. What Makes Something Hindu? 1 In

More information

Hinduism 4: Vedantic Hinduism

Hinduism 4: Vedantic Hinduism Eastern Religions Hinduism 4: Vedantic Hinduism 1. Trimurti and Brahma 2. Vishnu 3. The Avatars 4. More Vedantic Philosophy 5. Shiva Note: Gold and White 1 trimurti and brahma The 3 Faces of God Trimurti

More information

BC Religio ig ns n of S outh h A sia

BC Religio ig ns n of S outh h A sia Religions of South Asia 2500 250 BC Hinduism gave birth to Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism Christianity Jesus Christ, son of God the Bible Islam Muhammadlast prophet to talk to Allah t he Quran Do you think

More information

The Historical Basis of Hinduism

The Historical Basis of Hinduism Hinduism The Historical Basis of Hinduism Hinduism is not founded by one particular person Because it is not confined to one person s beliefs, it absorbed ideas and practices that suited the social and

More information

Twin valley presbytery April 20, 2018

Twin valley presbytery April 20, 2018 Twin valley presbytery April 20, 2018 Hinduism: The Name: The English name Hinduism is derived from the name Indus River. People who lived around this river were called Indus, when Persians invaded the

More information

Missions in a Hindu context

Missions in a Hindu context Missions in a Hindu context Belief System in Hinduism SRUTI means What is heard or Revelation consisting of Four Vedas Rig-Veda: the Prayer book Sama-Veda: the Song book Yajur-Veda: the Ritual book Atharvana-Veda:

More information

Hinduism. Locale. History

Hinduism. Locale. History Hinduism... tures and Worship efs us The very name Hinduism is a regional/people group descriptive name. It is the name for the inhabitants and the religion of the Indus River region. The inhabitants were

More information

Indus Valley- one of the early contributors to Hinduism. Found fire pits and animal bones which showed that this civilization had animal sacrifices

Indus Valley- one of the early contributors to Hinduism. Found fire pits and animal bones which showed that this civilization had animal sacrifices Indus Valley- one of the early contributors to Hinduism. Found fire pits and animal bones which showed that this civilization had animal sacrifices Parvati- A mother goddess representing female energy

More information

Component-I (A) Personal details:

Component-I (A) Personal details: Component-I (A) Personal details: Prof. P. Bhaskar Reddy Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. Prof. V. Venkata Ramana Reddy Director, O.R.I., S. V.University, Tirupati. Prof. V. Venkata Ramana Reddy

More information

What is Hinduism?: world's oldest religion o igi g na n t a ed e d in n Ind n i d a reincarnation (rebirth) Karma

What is Hinduism?: world's oldest religion o igi g na n t a ed e d in n Ind n i d a reincarnation (rebirth) Karma What is Hinduism?: Hinduism is the world's oldest religion, with a billion followers, which makes it the world's third largest religion. Hinduism is a conglomeration of religious, philosophical, and cultural

More information

The Hindu Heritage An Overview. Bansi Pandit

The Hindu Heritage An Overview. Bansi Pandit The Hindu Heritage An Overview by Bansi Pandit Topics of Discussion Part I Introduction Scriptures Hindu View of God Hindu View of the Individual Hindu View of the World Major Doctrines Part II Caste System

More information

The concept of the Fire God and God Rudra in Ṛg Veda: A study

The concept of the Fire God and God Rudra in Ṛg Veda: A study EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. III, Issue 9/ December 2015 ISSN 2286-4822 www.euacademic.org Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF) DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) The concept of the Fire God and God Rudra in Ṛg Veda: DHUNDI

More information

Syllabus. General Certificate of Education (International) Advanced Level HINDUISM For examination in November

Syllabus. General Certificate of Education (International) Advanced Level HINDUISM For examination in November General Certificate of Education (International) Advanced Level Syllabus HINDUISM 9014 For examination in November 2011 CIE provides syllabuses, past papers, examiner reports, mark schemes and more on

More information

The powers of the mind are like rays of light dissipated; when they are concentrated they illumine. Swami Vivekananda. Introduction to Yoga

The powers of the mind are like rays of light dissipated; when they are concentrated they illumine. Swami Vivekananda. Introduction to Yoga 100 The powers of the mind are like rays of light dissipated; when they are concentrated they illumine. Swami Vivekananda Introduction to Yoga Beginning with the history of Yoga, detailed through the existing

More information

What is Smartism? A. History

What is Smartism? A. History What is Smartism? Smartism is a sect of Hinduism that allows its followers to worship more than one god, unlike in sects like Shaivism and Vaishnavism, in which only Shiva and Vishnu are worshipped, respectively.

More information

Vedanta and Indian Culture

Vedanta and Indian Culture Vedanta and Indian Culture Spirituality, the Life-Centre of Indian Culture Indian civilization is more than five thousand years old. During this long period it produced a unique type of highly advanced

More information

Understanding Hinduism Pearls of the Indian Ocean

Understanding Hinduism Pearls of the Indian Ocean Understanding Hinduism Pearls of the Indian Ocean Windstar Cruises Ross Arnold, Fall 2017 Pearls of the Indian Ocean Lectures Introduction to Pearls of the Indian Ocean The Ancient Indus River Civilization

More information

The emergence of South Asian Civilization. September 26, 2013

The emergence of South Asian Civilization. September 26, 2013 The emergence of South Asian Civilization. September 26, 2013 Review What was the relationship of Han China to Vietnam, and to Korea? Who were the Xiongnu? (What is a barbarian?) What was the Silk Road?

More information

HINDUISM THE RELIGION OF INDIA

HINDUISM THE RELIGION OF INDIA HINDUISM THE RELIGION OF INDIA Hinduism is the world s third largest religion after Christianity and Islam. An estimated 950 million people are Hindus (14% of the world s population). Hinduism is the world

More information

Wk01 Monday, Mar 28. Required Text #1

Wk01 Monday, Mar 28. Required Text #1 Wk01 Monday, Mar 28 26 Required Text #1 1 Required Texts, #2 & #3 Summer Reading 2 The Course Title examined: Intro to Indian Philosophical Literature Intro Indian Philosophical Literature Indian vs. Hindu

More information

Is a drop of water the same thing as the entire ocean? 8/14/2013

Is a drop of water the same thing as the entire ocean? 8/14/2013 THE BASICS Hinduism World s oldest religion World's third largest religion, after Christianity and Islam Largely influenced later religions: Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism Nearly 1 billion followers 13% of

More information

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution. Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism A Comparative Study i Publishing-in-support-of, EDUCREATION PUBLISHING RZ 94, Sector - 6, Dwarka, New Delhi - 110075 Shubham Vihar, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh - 495001 Website:

More information

Key questions: Hinduism

Key questions: Hinduism Key questions: Hinduism! Where did Hinduism originate?! Who founded Hinduism?! Hinduism is considered a major world religion. Why?! What is the goal or ultimate reality according to Hinduism? Basics of

More information

Religions of South Asia. Hinduism Sikhism Buddhism Jainism

Religions of South Asia. Hinduism Sikhism Buddhism Jainism Religions of South Asia Hinduism Sikhism Buddhism Jainism Hinduism Historical Origins: Hinduism is one of the world s oldest religions and originated in India in about 1500 BC. Scholars believe that it

More information

Vethantham to Vethathiri Yogam

Vethantham to Vethathiri Yogam Vethantham to Vethathiri Yogam K. K. Aathava 1 and Dr. M. Jothilakshmi 1 1 Research Scholar, Vision for Wisdom, Bharathiyar UniversityCoimbatore, India Email: rjvalpr@gmail.com 2 Asst. Professor, Department

More information

Early Hinduism. Main trinity: Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver) and Shiva (the destroyer) o Vishnu:

Early Hinduism. Main trinity: Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver) and Shiva (the destroyer) o Vishnu: Early Hinduism Early Hinduism 1200 BC the composition of the first book of the Vedas (Rig Veda) c. 700-500 BC - Main composition of the first book of the Vedas (Rig Veda) Collection of hymns mainly addressed

More information

Study Programme Modules: The Significance, Path and Goal of the Vedas from the viewpoint of the Upanishads

Study Programme Modules: The Significance, Path and Goal of the Vedas from the viewpoint of the Upanishads Study Programme Modules: The Significance, Path and Goal of the Vedas from the viewpoint of the Upanishads In this study program we will study the Significance, Path and Goal of the Vedas from the viewpoint

More information

The Ancient Yoga of the Sun

The Ancient Yoga of the Sun The Ancient Yoga of the Sun In Tathaastu Magazine Nov.-Dec. 2011 What if the most powerful force for energizing all Yoga practices were as obvious and visible as the Sun? The fact is that it is. The Sun,

More information

Introduction to Hinduism THEO 282

Introduction to Hinduism THEO 282 STANDARD SYLLABUS Introduction to Hinduism THEO 282 This course provides an introduction to Hinduism. Knowledge Area(s) satisfied: Theological and Religious Studies Knowledge Skill(s) Developed: Critical

More information

IAS Prelims Exam: Ancient History NCERT Questions: The Vedic Civilisation

IAS Prelims Exam: Ancient History NCERT Questions: The Vedic Civilisation IAS Prelims Exam: Ancient History NCERT Questions: The Vedic Civilisation Old edition of NCERT Books are still high in demand for UPSC IAS Exam Preparation because it has extensive coverage of the topics

More information

Sanātana Dharma Sanskrit phrase "the eternal law"

Sanātana Dharma Sanskrit phrase the eternal law 1. Notebook Entry: Hinduism 2. How do we identify a belief system EQ: How does Hinduism fit our model of a belief system? code of ethics, place of origin, texts, impact, spread, divine being, founder,

More information

GCSE Religious Studies A: (World Religion(s)) Mark Scheme for June Unit B576: Hinduism 2 (Worship, Community and Family, Sacred Writings)

GCSE Religious Studies A: (World Religion(s)) Mark Scheme for June Unit B576: Hinduism 2 (Worship, Community and Family, Sacred Writings) GCSE Religious Studies A: (World Religion(s)) Unit B576: Hinduism 2 (Worship, Community and Family, Sacred Writings) General Certificate of Secondary Education Mark Scheme for June 2015 Oxford Cambridge

More information

Tat Tvam Asi, Mahavakya

Tat Tvam Asi, Mahavakya Tat Tvam Asi, Mahavakya Tat Tvam Asi is a popular Mahavakya which means absolute reality is the essence of what a person really is. Tat Tvam Asi means "That thou art," which is one of the Mahavakyas in

More information

Origins. Indus River Valley. When? About 4000 years ago Where?

Origins. Indus River Valley. When? About 4000 years ago Where? Origins When? About 4000 years ago Where? What modern day countries make up where the Indus River Valley civilization once thrived? Indus River Valley Origins How? Who? It is widely believed that there

More information

Team Quiz - Hinduism End of Topic Quiz

Team Quiz - Hinduism End of Topic Quiz Team Quiz - Hinduism End of Topic Quiz Pit your wits again your classmates Team Name: Round 1 - Picture Round Score for Round 1: /10 Round 2 - General Knowledge Score for Round 2: /10 Round 3 - Top Five

More information

AP World History Chapter 3. Classical Civilization India

AP World History Chapter 3. Classical Civilization India AP World History Chapter 3 Classical Civilization India Aryan Civilization Indo European people who migrated across Europe and Asia. No Archeological record of early Aryans. Priests called Vedas kept

More information

EQ: Explain how Hinduism fits our model for a belief system.

EQ: Explain how Hinduism fits our model for a belief system. 1. New Entry: Belief Systems Vocabulary 2. New Entry: Hinduism EQ: Explain how Hinduism fits our model for a belief system. By the end of class are objectives are to: -describe the origins, beliefs, and

More information

Do you think that the Vedas are the most important holy book for Hindus? 1. The Vedas are Shruti texts and are divinely revealed

Do you think that the Vedas are the most important holy book for Hindus? 1. The Vedas are Shruti texts and are divinely revealed UNIT 2 4 Mark Do you think that the Vedas are the most important holy book for Hindus? Yes I Agree 1. The Vedas are Shruti texts and are divinely revealed 2. They are eternal and so relevant to all times

More information

INTRODUCTION TO VEDAS AND UPANISADS

INTRODUCTION TO VEDAS AND UPANISADS 1 UNIT 2 INTRODUCTION TO VEDAS AND UPANISADS Contents 2.0 Objectives 2.1 Vedas and Its Contents 2.2 A General Survey of the Vedic Literature 2.3 Some Important Vedic Concepts - I 2.4 Some Important Vedic

More information

INDIA MID-TERM REVIEW

INDIA MID-TERM REVIEW INDIA MID-TERM REVIEW 1. The Indus valley civilization The Indus valley civilization, along with the Aryan culture, is one of the two ancient origins of Indian civilization. The Indus valley civilization,

More information

HINDUISM. By: Alex Chartrand, Sona Bavaria, Tvisha Baxi

HINDUISM. By: Alex Chartrand, Sona Bavaria, Tvisha Baxi HINDUISM By: Alex Chartrand, Sona Bavaria, Tvisha Baxi ORIGINS OF HINDUISM: INDO-EUROPEAN SOURCES Brahmanism and Vedism Developed in India among Indo-European speaking peoples The original two religions

More information

The word amnaya refers to the various aspects

The word amnaya refers to the various aspects 23. The Lord Is Always Intimately Associated With His Creation One can control even a wild elephant with a tool called Ankusa. In the same way, for controlling an animal, one would need a big stick. The

More information

Bhagavad Gita AUTHORSHIP AND ORIGIN

Bhagavad Gita AUTHORSHIP AND ORIGIN Bhagavad Gita The Bhagavad Gita is an ancient text that became an important work of Hindu tradition in terms of both literature and philosophy. The earliest translations of this work from Sanskrit into

More information

General Learning Outcomes: I will

General Learning Outcomes: I will General Learning Outcomes: I will Hinduism Video As you watch the video, write down 2 things you learned about Islam in each box. HISTORY OF HINDUISM BELIEFS AND ACTIONS CYCLE OF REBIRTH WORSHIP PRACTICES

More information

The Importance Of Right Conduct In Hinduism

The Importance Of Right Conduct In Hinduism The Importance Of Right Conduct In Hinduism Hinduism has no one main founder like the Buddha or Jesus or the Prophet Muhammad or Guru Nanak. One result of this is that there are many forms of Hinduism

More information

Hinduism. By: Joe Othman, Jacob Zak, Gabe Dattilo, Ben Johnson

Hinduism. By: Joe Othman, Jacob Zak, Gabe Dattilo, Ben Johnson Hinduism By: Joe Othman, Jacob Zak, Gabe Dattilo, Ben Johnson Sacred Texts: Rig Veda There are four Vedas, Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva Vedas known to be the first of Indian writing going as far back

More information

Hindu Myth, Image, and Pilgrimage. Literature and Arts C-18 Harvard University, Fall Term Diana L. Eck

Hindu Myth, Image, and Pilgrimage. Literature and Arts C-18 Harvard University, Fall Term Diana L. Eck Hindu Myth, Image, and Pilgrimage Literature and Arts C-18 Harvard University, Fall Term 1999 Diana L. Eck [This course fulfills either the Literature and Arts C Core Requirement or the Foreign Cultures

More information

Ancient and Medieval. Studies 165, Fall 2013

Ancient and Medieval. Studies 165, Fall 2013 Ancient and Medieval Hinduism Religious Studies 165, Fall 2013 Professor Todd Lewis 425 Smith Office Hours: Tuesdays, Thursdays 2 3; Wed 1 2, and by appointment Office Extension: 793 3436 E mail: tlewis@holycross.edu

More information

CHAPTER THREE: LIFE AGAINST TIME: THE SPIRITUAL PATHS OF INDIA

CHAPTER THREE: LIFE AGAINST TIME: THE SPIRITUAL PATHS OF INDIA Instant download and all chapters Test bank Many Peoples Many Faiths 10th Edition Robert S. Ellwood, Barbara A. McGraw https://testbankdata.com/download/test-bank-many-peoples-many-faiths-10thedition-robert-s-ellwood-barbara-mcgraw/

More information

Introduction to Hinduism

Introduction to Hinduism Introduction to Hinduism Scriptures Hundreds of scriptures oldest scriptures: the four Vedas all scriptures divided into two broad categories: shruti and smriti Most popular scripture: Bhagavad Gita What

More information

Cambridge International Advanced and Advanced Subsidiary Level 9014 Hinduism November 2010 Principal Examiner Report for Teachers

Cambridge International Advanced and Advanced Subsidiary Level 9014 Hinduism November 2010 Principal Examiner Report for Teachers HINDUISM Cambridge International Advanced and Advanced Subsidiary Level Paper 9014/01 Paper 1 GENERAL COMMENTS Most of the questions were well understood and answers showed evidence of study. This examination

More information

Book Review Hinduism. 1 Zaehner, Hinduism, Ibid, 59

Book Review Hinduism. 1 Zaehner, Hinduism, Ibid, 59 Book Review Hinduism Hinduism, by Robert Charles Zaehner (1913-1974), is a classic and concise treatise on the tenets of the faith. Zaehner was a British intelligence officer in Iran during World War II

More information

Hinduism. The Basics II

Hinduism. The Basics II Hinduism The Basics II To do list: Recap A little history: Hindu Literature Liberation through Yoga 4 Types of People 4 Types of Yoga Hinduism I Recap Indus River Valley What is Atman? What is Brahman?

More information

Analysis of Yaksha Prasna: 123 Questions from a Tree Spirit

Analysis of Yaksha Prasna: 123 Questions from a Tree Spirit Analysis of Yaksha Prasna: 123 Questions from a Tree Spirit By London Swaminathan Post No 786 Dated 11/01/2014 (Part 1) This is (Yaksha Prasna) posted in Tamil as well. The world s longest epic Mahabharata

More information

As I Enter. Think about it: Agenda: What you know about Hinduism and Buddhism. Notes on Hinduism and Buddhism

As I Enter. Think about it: Agenda: What you know about Hinduism and Buddhism. Notes on Hinduism and Buddhism As I Enter Think about it: What you know about Hinduism and Buddhism Agenda: Notes on Hinduism and Buddhism Hinduism Hinduism Statistically, there are over 900 million Hindus in the world (1 in 7 people)

More information

I. Introduction to Hinduism. Unit 3 SG 5

I. Introduction to Hinduism. Unit 3 SG 5 I. Introduction to Hinduism Unit 3 SG 5 A. The Indian Subcontinent 1. The vast majority of Hindus live in India and Nepal 2. Hinduism is an ethnic religion. B. Beliefs Common to Religions in India 1.

More information

The Vedas and their Ancillary Literature

The Vedas and their Ancillary Literature The Vedas and their Ancillary Literature James Santucci Department of Comparative Religion California State University Fullerton, CA 92834-6868 I. Veda A. Saµhitå-s Collections or (grammar) texts of uninterrupted

More information

The Vedas By Ralph T.H. Griffth, Anonymous READ ONLINE

The Vedas By Ralph T.H. Griffth, Anonymous READ ONLINE The Vedas By Ralph T.H. Griffth, Anonymous READ ONLINE If you are searched for the book by Ralph T.H. Griffth, Anonymous The Vedas in pdf format, in that case you come on to right website. We furnish the

More information

Syllabus. Cambridge International A Level Hinduism Syllabus code 9014 For examination in November

Syllabus. Cambridge International A Level Hinduism Syllabus code 9014 For examination in November Syllabus Cambridge International A Level Hinduism Syllabus code 9014 For examination in November 2012 Contents Cambridge International A Level Hinduism Syllabus code 9014 1. Introduction... 2 1.1 Why

More information

Comparative Religion Overview Hindus

Comparative Religion Overview Hindus Comparative Religion Overview Hindus The god of this age has blinded the minds of unbelievers, so that they cannot see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God. 2 Corinthians

More information

8. Destroyer of the universe. h. Agni. 9. Supreme God of the Later Vedic i. Indra. A

8. Destroyer of the universe. h. Agni. 9. Supreme God of the Later Vedic i. Indra. A HISTORY/CIVICS Std - IX THE VEDIC PERIOD 2018-2019 A MATCH THE FOLLOWING - A B 1. The person who wrote the Sanskrit a. Vidhatha. version of Ramayana. 2. A popular religious text, b. Maharishi Valmiki.

More information

Component-I (A) Personal details:

Component-I (A) Personal details: Component-I (A) Personal details: Prof. P. Bhaskar Reddy Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. Prof. V. Venkata Ramana Reddy Director, O.R.I., S. V.University, Tirupati. Prof. V. Venkata Ramana Reddy

More information

Click to read caption

Click to read caption 3. Hinduism and Buddhism Ancient India gave birth to two major world religions, Hinduism and Buddhism. Both had common roots in the Vedas, a collection of religious hymns, poems, and prayers composed in

More information

The Rise of Hinduism

The Rise of Hinduism The Rise of Hinduism Not many things have endured without major transformation for over 5,000 years. That's one reason Hindu traditions stand out. Hinduism might be the oldest religion on Earth. To understand

More information

RELIGIOUS STUDIES 2610 RELIGIONS OF INDIA

RELIGIOUS STUDIES 2610 RELIGIONS OF INDIA RELIGIOUS STUDIES 2610 RELIGIONS OF INDIA Monday and Wednesday 12:00-12:50 pm; plus a one hour recitation each week. Instructor: Professor Biernacki Office hours: Wednesday: 1-2:30 and by appointment;

More information

WORLD RELIGIONS Eastern Religions I

WORLD RELIGIONS Eastern Religions I Eastern Religions I Origins in North India (1500 BC). WORLD RELIGIONS HINDUISM Practitioners and scholars would tell us it has been around for millions of years; since the creation of all things Hinduism

More information

HINDUISM Second Edition

HINDUISM Second Edition AREOPAGUS SEMINAR World Religions Library: WR1 What Every Christian Ought to Know About HINDUISM Second Edition a presentation of An educational ministry to renew the mind and develop a comprehensive worldview

More information

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF STATUS OF WOMEN IN DHARMASHASTRA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE YAJNAVALKYA-SMRITI

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF STATUS OF WOMEN IN DHARMASHASTRA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE YAJNAVALKYA-SMRITI AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF STATUS OF WOMEN IN DHARMASHASTRA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE YAJNAVALKYA-SMRITI Ph.D. Research Scholar, Post Graduate Department of Sanskrit Language & Literature, KavikulaguruKalidas

More information

GCE. Religious Studies. Mark Scheme for June Advanced Subsidiary GCE Unit G577: Hinduism. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations

GCE. Religious Studies. Mark Scheme for June Advanced Subsidiary GCE Unit G577: Hinduism. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations GCE Religious Studies Advanced Subsidiary GCE Unit G577: Hinduism Mark Scheme for June 2013 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing

More information

Course Title: Comparative Religions Semester III Credits: 02 Code: UACR301 Marks: 100 Lectures: 60

Course Title: Comparative Religions Semester III Credits: 02 Code: UACR301 Marks: 100 Lectures: 60 Draft Syllabus Course Title: Comparative Religions Semester III Credits: 02 Code: UACR301 Marks: 100 Lectures: 60 The objectives of the paper on study of major world Religions are: a. To arrive at an informed

More information

GCE Religious Studies. Mark Scheme for June Unit G587: Hinduism. Advanced GCE. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations

GCE Religious Studies. Mark Scheme for June Unit G587: Hinduism. Advanced GCE. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations GCE Religious Studies Unit G587: Hinduism Advanced GCE Mark Scheme for June 2017 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range

More information

Origins of Hinduism Buddhism, and Jainism

Origins of Hinduism Buddhism, and Jainism Origins of Hinduism Buddhism, and Jainism Nature of faith Religions build on the experiences of cultural groups. Hinduism is unique in that it doesn t trace its origins to the clarity of teachings of

More information

Wk 01 Mon, Jan 7. Wk 01 Mon, Jan 7. Syllabus, etc. Goals Readings Assignments Grading Gen l Guidelines. 1:1 Meeting Sign-up Introductions

Wk 01 Mon, Jan 7. Wk 01 Mon, Jan 7. Syllabus, etc. Goals Readings Assignments Grading Gen l Guidelines. 1:1 Meeting Sign-up Introductions Wk 01 Mon, Jan 7 Wk 01 Mon, Jan 7 Syllabus, etc. Goals Readings Assignments Grading Gen l Guidelines 1:1 Meeting Sign-up Introductions 1 Texts 2 Online: Readings for Wed Eastman on academic philosophy,

More information

HINDU GODS AND GODDESSES 1. BRAHMA

HINDU GODS AND GODDESSES 1. BRAHMA HINDU GODS AND GODDESSES 1. BRAHMA The first deity of the Hindu trinity, Lord Brahma is considered to be the god of Creation, including the cosmos and all of its beings. Brahma also symbolizes the mind

More information

Sanatana Dharma. Lesson 1: The Fourteen-fold knowledge

Sanatana Dharma. Lesson 1: The Fourteen-fold knowledge Sanatana Dharma Lesson 1: The Fourteen-fold knowledge Prayers: Prātaḥ Smaraṇam Prātah smarāmi hrdi saṃsphuradātma tattvam Sat chit sukham paramahamsa gatim turiyam Yat svapna jāgara sushuptam avaiti nityam

More information

The Religion And Philosophy Of The Veda And Upanishads (2 Vols) By Arthur Berriedale Keith

The Religion And Philosophy Of The Veda And Upanishads (2 Vols) By Arthur Berriedale Keith The Religion And Philosophy Of The Veda And Upanishads (2 Vols) By Arthur Berriedale Keith If looking for a ebook by Arthur Berriedale Keith The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads (2 Vols)

More information

ABHIVADAYE. It gives the introduction of the boy. After reciting the Abhivadaye Mantra, he prostrates before the elders and seeks their blessings.

ABHIVADAYE. It gives the introduction of the boy. After reciting the Abhivadaye Mantra, he prostrates before the elders and seeks their blessings. ABHIVADAYE Preamble Now a days even a three year old kids are tutored to tell dad, mom, address and school name and the parent feel proud. In earlier days specially amongst brahmans there wa saying that

More information

ESSENTIALS OF HINDUISM. by Dr. Timothy Tennett. Transcription. Brought to you by your friends at

ESSENTIALS OF HINDUISM. by Dr. Timothy Tennett. Transcription. Brought to you by your friends at ESSENTIALS OF HINDUISM by Dr. Timothy Tennett Transcription Brought to you by your friends at TABLE OF CONTENTS Lesson 1: Introduction... 3 HINDU TEXTS... 4 TEN THEMES IN THE UPANISHADS... 5 BRAHMAN...

More information

Four Denominations of Hinduism A Splendrous Lotus with Four Superb Petals

Four Denominations of Hinduism A Splendrous Lotus with Four Superb Petals Four Denominations of Hinduism Category : October/November/December 2003 Published by Anonymous on Oct. 02, 2003 Educational Insight Four Denominations of Hinduism A Splendrous Lotus with Four Superb Petals

More information

Part I: Origins of Vedic Astrology & Fundamental Principles

Part I: Origins of Vedic Astrology & Fundamental Principles Part I: Origins of Vedic Astrology & Fundamental Principles I.1Brief History of Vedic Astrology [VA]-Ancient Vedic Roots. I.1.2 Rishis[Seers or Sages]: We had earlier considered, under the Sec: I.1.1 Rishis

More information

Hinduism - Then and Now

Hinduism - Then and Now By Swami Shantananda Puri Maharaj, Wednesday, 28 May 2014, Tiruvannamalai Hinduism - Then and Now The name for Hinduism as given since about 6000 years or so is Sanatana Dharma [eternal laws of virtues].

More information

Advaita Vedanta A Bird s Eye View

Advaita Vedanta A Bird s Eye View Advaita Vedanta A Bird s Eye View The Hindu Scripture D. KRISHNA AYYAR You may not, except with our express written permission, distribute or commercially exploit the content. Nor may you transmit it or

More information

Hinduta and the California History Textbook Scandal (November 2005)

Hinduta and the California History Textbook Scandal (November 2005) Page 1 Hinduta and the California History Textbook Scandal (November 2005) Below are some key snippets of changes recommended for California grade school textbooks and in many cases initially approved!

More information

Hinduism. AP World History Chapter 6ab

Hinduism. AP World History Chapter 6ab Hinduism AP World History Chapter 6ab Origins Originates in India from literature, traditions, and class system of Aryan invaders Developed gradually; took on a variety of forms and gods particular to

More information

In this chapter, you will learn about the origins and beliefs of Hinduism. Hinduism is the most influential set of religious beliefs in modern India.

In this chapter, you will learn about the origins and beliefs of Hinduism. Hinduism is the most influential set of religious beliefs in modern India. 1. Introduction This statue represents Rama, who is a role model as both a man and a ruler, in the way to live by the rules of dharma. In this chapter, you will learn about the origins and beliefs of Hinduism.

More information

GCE Religious Studies. Mark Scheme for June Unit G577: Hinduism. Advanced Subsidiary GCE. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations

GCE Religious Studies. Mark Scheme for June Unit G577: Hinduism. Advanced Subsidiary GCE. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations GCE Religious Studies Unit G577: Hinduism Advanced Subsidiary GCE Mark Scheme for June 2015 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing

More information

Origin. Hinduism is an ethnic religion that evolved on the Indian subcontinent beginning about 3,500 years ago.

Origin. Hinduism is an ethnic religion that evolved on the Indian subcontinent beginning about 3,500 years ago. Hinduism Origin Hinduism is an ethnic religion that evolved on the Indian subcontinent beginning about 3,500 years ago. Distribution/Diffusion Hinduism (shown above in hot pink) has approximately 806 million

More information

Time: 3hrs. Maximum marks: 75. Attempt five questions in all. All questions carry equal marks. The word limit to answer each question is 1000 words.

Time: 3hrs. Maximum marks: 75. Attempt five questions in all. All questions carry equal marks. The word limit to answer each question is 1000 words. Department of Philosophy Janki Devi Memorial College University of Delhi Course In-charge: Dr. JayantiP.Sahoo jayantijdmc@gmail.com 9910913529 Unique Paper Code: 210601 Name of the Paper: Texts of Indian

More information

Arya Prathinidhi Sabha & Arya Samaj of Melbourne (APSASM)

Arya Prathinidhi Sabha & Arya Samaj of Melbourne (APSASM) Volume 1 Issue 6 April, 2012 Arya Prathinidhi Sabha & Arya Samaj of Melbourne (APSASM) Newsletter Sorrento Place, Epping, Vic 3076, Australia. Phone: (+61) 4315 90515 www.aryasamajofmelbourne.com Recent

More information

Hinduism and the goddess Lakshmi

Hinduism and the goddess Lakshmi Post-visit Activity: Enrichment Reading Hinduism and the goddess Lakshmi Hinduism is considered to be one the major world religions. It originated on the Indian subcontinent and is comprised of several

More information

Terms. Yuga: a Hindu philosophy that refers to an 'era' within a cycle of four ages: the Satya Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga

Terms. Yuga: a Hindu philosophy that refers to an 'era' within a cycle of four ages: the Satya Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga DEITIES Terms Brahman: the concept of the Godhead found in Hinduism. Brahman is the unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality which is the Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time, space,

More information

Rescuing our Vedic Priesthood

Rescuing our Vedic Priesthood Rescuing our Vedic Priesthood Dr. S. Yegnasubramanian I. Our Scriptures The word veda is derived from the Sanskrit root vid which means "to know". Since our religion follows the vedic injunctions, it is

More information

ICF Hindu Temple of Oklahoma. Balavikas. Hindu Philosophy

ICF Hindu Temple of Oklahoma. Balavikas. Hindu Philosophy ICF Hindu Temple of Oklahoma Balavikas Hindu Philosophy The Scriptures of Hinduism 1. The Srutis Vedas (revealed by God directly) (Apaurusheyas) Rig Veda (Hymns in praise of divine) Yajur Veda (Hymns used

More information

Basics of Hinduism - Four Denominations of Hinduism

Basics of Hinduism - Four Denominations of Hinduism Basics of Hinduism - Four Denominations of Hinduism A SPLENDOROUS LOTUS WITH FOUR SUPERB PETALS For over 200 years, Western scholars have struggled to understand Hinduism, a faith whose followers seemed

More information

On Ancient Indian Scriptures

On Ancient Indian Scriptures 1 On Ancient Indian Scriptures Sri Shyam Sundar Goswami Unrevised by its author Sri S.S.Goswami, the following account on ancient Hindu scriptures, so far unpublished, has been reviewed and drafted with

More information