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1 INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION

2 INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION Along with the Indus Valley Civilization their co-exist other civilization named Egyptian Civilization near Nile River Mesopotamian civilization near Tigris Euphrates River Chinese Civilization and Indus Valley Civilization (Big in Size) IMPORTANT FACTS OF INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) or Harappan Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation ( BCE; mature period BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to and northwest. Along with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of three early cradles of civilisations of the Old World, and of the three, the most widespread. The Indus Valley Civilisation is also named the Harappan civilisation after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s in what was then the Punjab province of British and now

3 Indus Valley Sites Harappa Seals out of stones Citadel outside on banks of river Ravi Mohenjodaro Great Bath, Great Granary, Dancing Girl, Man with Beard, Cotton, Assembly hall Term means Mount of the dead On the bank of river Indus Believed to have been destructed by flood or invasion (Destruction was not gradual). Chanhudaro Bank of Indus River. discovered by Gopal Majumdar and Mackey (1931) Pre-harappan culture Jhangar Culture and Jhukar Culture Only cite without citadel. Kalibangan At Rajasthan on the banks of river Ghaggar, discovered by A.Ghosh (1953) Fire Altars Bones of camel Evidence of furrows Horse remains (even though Indus valley people didn t use horses). Known as third capital of Indus Empire. Lothal At Gujarat near Bhogava river, discovered by S.R. Rao (1957) Fire Altars Beside the tributary of Sabarmati Store house Dockyard and earliest port double burial Rice husk House had front entrance (exception).

4 Ropar Punjab, on the banks of river Sutlej. Discovered by Y.D Sharma (1955) Dog buried with humans. Banawali Haryana On banks of lost river Saraswati Barley Cultivation. Dholavira Biggest site in, until the discovery of Rakhigarhi. Located in Khadir Beyt, Rann of Kutch, Gujarat. Discovered by J.P Joshi/Rabindra Singh (1990) 3 parts + large open area for ceremonies Large letters of the Harappan script (sign boards). Site Province/State Country Excavations/Findings Alamgirpur Meerut Uttar Pradesh Impression of cloth on trough Banawali Fatehabad Haryana Barley, terracotta figure of plough Bhagatrav Bharuch Gujarat

5 Site Province/State Country Excavations/Findings Chanhudaro Daimabad Late Harappan Nawabshah Ahmadnagar Sindh Maharashtra Dholavira Kutch Gujarat Harappa Kalibangan Kot Diji Sahiwal Hanumangarh Khairpur Punjab Rajasthan Sindh Bead making factory, use of lipstick, only Indus site without a citadel A sculpture of a bronze chariot, 45 cm long and 16 cm wide, yoked to two oxen, driven by a man 16 cm high standing in it; and three other bronze sculptures. ] Southernmost IVC site Figure of chariot tied to a pair of bullocks and driven by a nude human, Water harvesting and number of reservoirs, use of rocks for constructions Granaries, coffin burial, Lot of artefacts, Important IVC Town, First town which is Excavated and studied in detail Baked/burnt bangles, fire altars, Shiva Lingam, small circular pits containing large urns and accompanied by pottery, bones of camel Kuntasi Rajkot Gujarat Small port Lothal Manda, Jammu Ahmedabad Jammu Gujarat Jammu & Kashmir Malwan Surat Gujarat Mandi Muzaffarnagar district Uttar Pradesh Bead making factory, dockyard, button seal, fire altars, painted jar, earliest cultivation of rice (1800 BC) Northern Most Harappan site in Himalayan foothill Southernmost Harappan site in Mehrgarh Kachi Balochistan Earliest agricultural community

6 Site Province/State Country Excavations/Findings Mohenjo-Daro Mundigak Larkana Kandahar Province Sindh Kandahar Afghanistan Rakhigarhi Hisar Haryana Rangpur Rupar Ahmedabad Rupnagar Great Bath (the biggest bath ghat), Great granary, Bronze dancing girl, Bearded man, terracotta toys, Bull seal, Pashupati seal, three cylindrical seals of the Mesopotamian type, a piece of woven cloth Terrecotta wheels, toys, figurines, pottery. Large site, partially excavated. Gujarat Seaport Punjab Surkotada Kutch Gujarat Bones of a horse (only site) Sutkagan Dor Makran Balochistan Bangles of clay, Westernmost known site of IVC Which of the following was NOT found at Mohenjo-Daro? [A] Seal of Pasupati [B] Bronze figurine of dancing girl [C] A piece of woven cloth [D] Terracotta plough Ans d The script of Harappan civilization was [A]Khmer [B]Devanagari [C]Farsi [D]Undeciphered Ans d [1]Uniformity in the layout of towns, streets, structures and brick sizes, [2]An elaborate and well laid out drainage system [3]Granaries constituted an important part of Harappan cities.

7 Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct about Harappan civilization town planning? [A] 1&2 [B]1&3 [C]2&3 [D]All of the above Ans d Harappa was the first Indus Valley Civilisation site to be excavated. Who among the following was associated with its excavation? [A]Bannerji [B]Rao [C]Sahani [D]Bisht Ans - c The Harappan civilisation belongs to which age? [A]Neolithic age [B]Mesolithic age [C]Chalcolithic age [D]Palaeolithicage Ans c Which of the following pair of Harappan sites with their Location is INCORRECT? [A]Mohenjo-Daro : Sindh, [B]Lothal: Gujarat, [C]Kalibangan: Rajasthan, [D]Banawali: Punjab, Ans d [1]Horse was used in day to day life [2]People were not familiar with Iron [3]Man and woman both were fond of grooming & accessories Which of the above statement(s) about Harappan civilisation is/are correct? [A]1& 2 [B]1&3 [C]2& 3 [D]All of the above Ans c

8 With which of the following civilisations, Harappans had external trade relations? [A]Mesopotamian civilisation [B]Crete civilisation [C]Yellow river civilisation of China [D]Mayan civilisation Ans a Remains of Horse bones have been found from. [a] Lothal [b] Surkotada [c] Kalibangan [d] Dholavira Ans b The script of Indus Valley people was? [A]Desi Script [B]Pictographic Script [C]Brahmi Script [D]Kharosti Script Ans b In the Indus Valley Civilisation(IVC) which among the following site has a unique water harnessing system and its storm water drainage system? [A]Dholavira [B]Surkotada [C]Daimabad [D]Banawali Ans a In the Indus Valley Civilization, Great Bath was found at which place? [A]Mohenjodaro [B]Harappa [C]Rakhi Garhi [D]Ropar Ans a Who among the following is known as father of n Pre-History? [A]Robert Bruce foot [B]Sir William Jones [C]E.J.H Mackey [D]Sir John Marshall Ans- a

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