Jenney s First Year Latin Lesson 40

Transcription

1 Jenney s First Year Latin Lesson Vocabulary List Reflexives a) Reflexive Pronouns b) Reflexive Possessive Adjectives 3. Dative of Reference 4. Dative of Purpose 5. Double Dative

2 Vocabulary List 40

3 arbor, arboris, f. tree

4 collis, collis, m. hill

5 cupiditās, cupiditātis, f. desire, greed

6 glōria, glōriae, f. glory, fame

7 līberī, līberōrum, m. pl. children

8 lūna, lūnae, f. moon

9 mora, morae, f. delay

10 negōtium, negōtī, n. business, task; trouble

11 senātor, senātōris, m. senator

12 sōl, sōlis, m. sun

13 stella, stellae, f. star

14 turris, turris, f. tower (acc. sg. = turrim)

15 ventus, ventī, m. wind

16 suus, sua, suum (reflex. poss. adj.) his, her, its, their

17 suī, sibi, sē, sē (reflex. pron.) himself, herself, itself, themselves

18 sē recipere (idiom) to retreat (lit.: to take oneself back)

19 sōlis occāsus (idiom) sunset; west

20 Reflexives

21 Reflexives reflexives are words that turn back (< re- back + flectō, flectere turn ) to the subject of the sentence or clause they are in for their meaning in Latin, like in English, there are reflexive pronouns and reflexive adjectives

22 Reflexive Pronouns a reflexive pronoun refers back to the subject of the sentence or clause in which it appears N.B.!! in indirect statement, reflexives refer back to the subject of the head verb there are no nominative forms for reflexive pronouns all three persons have a reflexive pronoun: 1 st Person: myself / ourselves (same as personal pronoun) 2 nd Person: yourself / yourselves (same as personal pronoun) 3 rd person: himself, herself, itself / themselves (more on forms later)

23 Reflexive Pronouns 1 st Person the 1 st person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

24 Reflexive Pronouns 1 st Person the 1 st person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL Gen. meī (of myself) nostrum (of ourselves) Dat. Acc. Abl.

25 Reflexive Pronouns 1 st Person the 1 st person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL Gen. meī (of myself) nostrum (of ourselves) Dat. mihi (to/for myself) nobīs (to/for ourselves) Acc. Abl.

26 Reflexive Pronouns 1 st Person the 1 st person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL Gen. meī (of myself) nostrum (of ourselves) Dat. mihi (to/for myself) nobīs (to/for ourselves) Acc. mē (myself) nōs (ourselves) Abl.

27 Reflexive Pronouns 1 st Person the 1 st person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL Gen. meī (of myself) nostrum (of ourselves) Dat. mihi (to/for myself) nobīs (to/for ourselves) Acc. mē (myself) nōs (ourselves) Abl. mē (b/w/f myself) nobīs (b/w/f ourselves)

28 Reflexive Pronouns 2 nd Person the 2 nd person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

29 Reflexive Pronouns 2 nd Person the 2 nd person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL Gen. tuī (of yourself) vestrum (of yourselves) Dat. Acc. Abl.

30 Reflexive Pronouns 2 nd Person the 2 nd person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL Gen. tuī (of yourself) vestrum (of yourselves) Dat. tibi (to/for yourself) vobīs (to/for yourselves) Acc. Abl.

31 Reflexive Pronouns 2 nd Person the 2 nd person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL Gen. tuī (of yourself) vestrum (of yourselves) Dat. tibi (to/for yourself) vobīs (to/for yourselves) Acc. tē (yourself) vōs (yourselves) Abl.

32 Reflexive Pronouns 2 nd Person the 2 nd person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL Gen. tuī (of yourself) vestrum (of yourselves) Dat. tibi (to/for yourself) vobīs (to/for yourselves) Acc. tē (yourself) vōs (yourselves) Abl. tē (b/w/f yourself) vobīs (b/w/f yourself)

33 Reflexive Pronouns 3 rd Person the 3 rd person reflexive pronoun has only four forms like 1 st & 2 nd person, this has no nominative forms SG PL Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl.

34 Reflexive Pronouns 3 rd Person the 3 rd person reflexive pronoun has only four forms like 1 st & 2 nd person, this has no nominative forms Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. SG suī (of him-, her-, itself) PL suī (of themselves)

35 Reflexive Pronouns 3 rd Person the 3 rd person reflexive pronoun has only four forms like 1 st & 2 nd person, this has no nominative forms Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. SG suī (of him-, her-, itself) sibi (to/for him-, her-, itself) PL suī (of themselves) sibi (to/for themselves)

36 Reflexive Pronouns 3 rd Person the 3 rd person reflexive pronoun has only four forms like 1 st & 2 nd person, this has no nominative forms Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. SG suī (of him-, her-, itself) sibi (to/for him-, her-, itself) sē (or sēsē) (him-, her-, itself) PL suī (of themselves) sibi (to/for themselves) sē (or sēsē) (themselves)

37 Reflexive Pronouns 3 rd Person the 3 rd person reflexive pronoun has only four forms like 1 st & 2 nd person, this has no nominative forms Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. SG suī (of him-, her-, itself) sibi (to/for him-, her-, itself) sē (or sēsē) (him-, her-, itself) sē (or sēsē) (b/w/f him-, her-, itself) PL suī (of themselves) sibi (to/for themselves) sē (or sēsē) (themselves) sē (or sēsē) (b/w/f themselves)

38 Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Notice: Reflexive Pronouns 3 rd Person SG suī (of him-, her-, itself) sibi (to/for him-, her-, itself) sē (or sēsē) (him-, her-, itself) sē (or sēsē) (b/w/f him-, her-, itself) the 3 rd person reflex. stands for all genders you must determine how to translate by looking at the subject of the sentence/clause when used w/ abl. of accomp., cum attaches (i.e. sēcum, cum PL suī (of themselves) sibi (to/for themselves) sē (or sēsē) (themselves) sē (or sēsē) (b/w/f themselves)

39 Mē videō. Translating Reflexive Pronouns I see myself. Vōsne auditis? Do you hear yourselves? Poēta sē vulnerāvit. The poet wounded himself. Fēmina sē vulnerāvit. The woman wounded herself. Liberī sē vulnerāvērunt. The children wounded themselves.

40 Reflexives in Indirect Statement in an indirect statement, the reflexive sē, in all its forms, refers back to the subject of the head verb: Caesar dīxit sē Helvētiōs victūrum esse. Caesar said that he (Caesar) would defeat the Helvetians. Rēgīna putat sē laudārī dēbēre. The queen thinks that she (the queen) ought to be praised. Hostēs intellegunt sē mox nostrōs interfectūrōs esse. The enemies understand that they (the enemies) will soon kill our men. N.B.: in ind. statement, you translate the reflexive like a simple pronoun (without the -self form)

41 The Reflexive Possessive Adjective the reflexive possessive adjective is suus, sua, suum [ his, her, its, their (own) ] this must refer to the of the subject of the sentence (hence the own in the definition) if you are talking about someone else s, you use the genitive forms of is, ea, id (eius, eōrum, eārum) declines like a regular adjective

42 The Reflexive Possessive Adjective like all other adjectives, it must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies BUT!!!!!! the translation depends on the subject of the sentence or clause

43 Reflexive Possessive Adjective Translations Puella suam matrem amat. The girl loves her (own) mother. Puersuam matrem amat. The boy loves his (own) mother. Liberī suam matrem amant. The children love their (own) mother. Note that in all these examples, the reflexive stays the same because it s modifying matrem (and thus must agree in GNC), but the translation changes because it depends on the subject!

44 Reflexive Adjectives vs. 3 rd Person Pronouns Marcus suam matrem carissimē amat. Marcus loves his (own) mother very dearly. Marcus eius matrem carissimē amat. Marcus loves his (someone else s) mother very dearly. Poētae suōs librōs legereamant. The poets love to read their (own) books. Poētae eōrum librōs legereamant. The poets love to read their (some other people s) books. Note that if you are referring to someone besides the subject, you must use the 3 rd person pronoun, not the reflexive adj.!

45 Dative of Reference

46 Dative of Reference the dat. case is used to show to whose advantage or disadvantage the action of a verb is performed this is sometimes more specifically referred to as the dat. of advantage or dat. of disadvantage, depending on context Perīculum marisnautae verum est. The danger of the sea is real (with reference) to the sailor. Poēta carmina puellīs puerīsque cantat. The poet is singing songs for the boys and girls. (i.e. to the advantage of the boys and girls) Moram agricolae fēcistī. You made a delay for the farmer (i.e. to the disadvantage of the farmer).

47 Dative of Purpose

48 Dative of Purpose the dat. case is sometimes used to express the idea of purpose the following words are commonly used as datives of purpose: auxiliō: for an aid cūrae: for a care/worry impedīmentō: for a hindrance praesidiō: for a guard, protection subsidiō: for a support ūsuī: for an advantage the dat. of purpose is most commonly used in a construction called the double dative

49 Double Dative

50 Double Dative when used together, a dative of purpose and a dative of reference form a construction called the double dative Duās legiōnēs praesidiō oppidō relīquit. He left two legions for (the purpose of) a guard to the town. Equitēs Caesarī auxiliō erant. The cavalry were for (the purpose of) an aid to Caesar.