Shree Nityananda Trayodashi Lord Nityananda's Appearance day

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Shree Nityananda Trayodashi Lord Nityananda's Appearance day"

Transcription

1 Shree Nityananda Trayodashi Lord Nityananda's Appearance day Outside the Gaudiya Vaishnava community (Hare Krsna Movement is part of this community) not many are aware of Lord Nityananda. This humble rendition is to enlighten you on the greatness and importance of this very important personality in Sanathan dharma. This year Shree Nityananda Jayanti is celebrated on 29 th January. Lord Nityananda is the eternal associate of Shree Krsna Caitanya Mahaprabhu, the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Rarely is the name Nimai (Shree Caitanya Mahaprabhu) taken without that of Nitai (Lord Nityananda). Mahaprabhu cannot be approached or understood without the mercy of Shree Nityananda Prabhu, who is the cardinal guru of all the universes and serves as an intermediary between Mahaprabhu and His devotees. He is the Lord's active principle in both creation and lila (pastimes). He is the second body of the Lord, manifesting as Lord Balarama to Shree Krishna, Shree Lakshman to Shree Raam and Nityananda Prabhu to Caitanya Mahaprabhu. All other forms and expansions of the Lord emanate from this second (expansion) body. Nityananda Prabhu is thus the source of Lord Sankarshan, all the Vishnu s forms, and Ananta Sesa. As Vishnu tattva He and Advaita Acarya are worshipped in the same category as Caitanya Mahaprabhu. In the manifested earthly Lila, Nityananda Prabhu is senior to Caitanya Mahaprabhu by more than a decade. He is statuesque, like His Master, with the whitish complexion of Lord Balarama. His garments resemble a cluster of blue lotus flowers and His effulgence is said to surpass the grandeur of a rising moon at sunset. He has

2 a deep melodious voice, constant singing the glories of Shree Krishna and carries a red stick with benedictions for the devotees, but feared by the demoniac. He has the carefree mood of a wild avadhuta (liberated man), so absorbed is He in the love of Godhead, and no one knows what He will do next. Nityananda Prabhu appeared in Ekacakra, a small village in present West Bengal in East India, around the year His appearance site is commemorated by a temple named Garbhasva. His father, Hadai Ojha and mother Padmavati, were pious Brahmans originally from Mithila. Nityananda Prabhu was born on the auspicious thirteenth day of the bright fortnight of the month of Magha (January- February). As a child, Nitai (as Nityananda Prabhu was called), loved to enact the pastimes of Shree Krishna or Lord Rama. He did this so authoritatively and with such rapture, that the entire village would be immersed in the love of Godhead. Lord Nityananda (on the left) Shree Krsna Caitanya Mahaprabhu (on the right) Nitai's favourite part was that of Lakshman, and He enacted it with so many apparently authentic scenes not described in the Ramayana, that people would wonder if He was making it up or actually relishing His own pastimes. The village of Ekacakra was completely absorbed in the love of little Nitai, where He spend the first 12 years of his earthly life. In the 13th year, a travelling Sannyasi, said to be the famous Lakshmipati Tirtha, enchanted by Nitai s devotion and service, requested Nitai from his parents, as a travelling companion. His parents, bound by Vedic culture, could not refuse the request of a guest and reluctantly parted with Nitai. However, devastated by the separation with Nitai that Hadai Pandit soon

3 gave up his life. Nitai travelled with Lakshmipati Tirtha for about 20 years, during which He visited all the holy places in the country, reminiscent of the manner that Lord Balarama travelled while the battle at Kurukshetra raged on. Nitai is said to be later on initiated by Lakshmipati Tirtha. He also associated with another of Lakshmipati Tirtha's famous disciple, Srila Madhavendra Puri, who although his god brother was revered by Nitai was as a spiritual master. Srila Madhavendra Puri is famous for establishing the sweet truth of Madhurya-rasa which later becomes an integral part of Gaudiya Vaishnavism. Nityananda Prabhu met Caitanya Mahaprabhu in 1506, when He was 32 years old and the Lord was 20 years. It is said that when Nityananda Prabhu reached the land of Nadia, He hid in the house of Nandanacarya, to heighten the ecstasy of meeting through separation. Caitanya Mahaprabhu aware of the arrival of His eternal associate dispatched Haridas Thakur and Srivas Pandit to search out Nitai, but they failed. Finally unable to bear the separation any longer, Caitanya Mahaprabhu Himself went directly to Nityananda Prabhu and the ecstasy of the meeting was so transcendental that every one witnessing it were awed by the sublime experience. A temple called Shree Gaura-Nityananda commemorates this meeting place in Nadia. Nityananda Prabhu in His role as the original spiritual master was instrumental in spreading the Yuga dharma of sankritana all over Gaudia desh (Bengal and Orrisa). His mercy knew no bounds, and people fortunate to come in contact with Him were inundated with the love of Godhead. He extended His mercy to even fallen souls like Jagai and Madhai, delivering them from the sinful lives and protecting them from the wrath of even Caitanya Mahaprabhu. Indeed His mercy knew no bounds, and fortunate were the people who tasted the nectar of His instructions. When Nityananda Prabhu returned to Bengal at the request of Caitanya Mahaprabhu, His decided to abandon His avadhuta status and become a grahastha (householder). He married Jahnavi Devi and Vasudha, the two daughters of Suryadasa Sarakhel. Nityananda Prabhu had a son (Virachandra) and a daughter (Ganga Devi) from Vasudha. Soon after Vasudha passed away and Jahnavi Devi looked after the children. She later initiated Virchandra, and also became an instructing spiritual master to the likes of Shyamananda Pandit, Shrivasa Pandit and Narottama dasa Thakur. Jahnavi Devi is revered as a Vaishnavi and she established the pre-eminent position of women in the Vaishnava tradition. Lord Nityananda wound up His earthly pastimes, by merging into the deity of Lord Krishna, known as Bankim Ray, not far from Ekacakra. Vaishnava acharyas emphatically state that people who try to understand Caitanya Mahaprabhu without getting the mercy of Nityananda Prabhu will never succeed and one must pray very sincerely to Lord Nityananda Prabhu as the adi-guru (original spiritual master) to be delivered to the Lotus feet of Shree Caitanya Mahaprabhu. The presence of Nityananda Prabhu is always felt in the presence of one's own guru; for the guru is considered to be the living manifestation of Nityananda Prabhu's love

4 and mercy, and his Shakti (power) is what gives the disciple the ability to perform devotional service and experience spiritual bliss. TWELVE NAMES OF THE MOONLIKE NITYANANDA PRABHU by Srila Sarvabhauma Bhattacharya 1) nityanando 'vadhutendur vasudha-prana-vallabhah jahnavi-jivita-patih krsna-prema-pradah prabhuh The twelve principle names of Shree Nityananda Prabhu are:- * Nityananda -- He Who is constantly the fresh personification and the everexpanding embodiment of the eternal and supreme blissful mellows of Lord Gauranga-Krishna's pure unalloyed love. * Avadhutendu -- The transcendental Moon of the divine Madness of love completely untinged by His own material energy. * Vasudha-prana-vallabha -- The most dear and beloved life-breath of Shrimati Vasudha-devi, the direct incarnation of Lord Balarama's wife Shrimati Varuni-devi. * Jahnavi-jivita-pati -- The eternal divine husband of Shrimati Jahnavi-devi (the incarnation of Lord Balarama's wife Shrimati Revati-devi) and the maintainer and sustainer of Her life and soul. * Krsna-prema-prada -- He Who bestows pure, unalloyed and ecstatic love for Lord Krishna's Holy Name, Form, Pastimes and Lotus Feet. * Prabhu -- The Supreme Lord and Master of all the devotees and all souls in the spiritual and material creation. 2) padmavati-sutah sriman saci-nandana-purvajah bhavonmatto jagat-trata rakta-gaura-kalevarah * Padmavati-suta -- The most beloved darling and divine son of Shrimati Padmavati-devi. * Shriman -- He is of splendrous transcendental majesty and He is the eternal Husband and Consort of the Goddess of Fortune. * Saci-nandana-purvaja -- The most beloved elder brother of the Supreme Lord Gauranga, the divine son of mother Shachi. * Bhavonmatta -- He Whose bodily form is continuously maddened and inundated with overwhelming ecstatic emotions of pure love. * Jagat-trata -- The saviour of the whole creation including the spiritual and material worlds. * Rakta-gaura-kalevara -- He Whose divine bodily complexion and radiance is golden tinged with red. Patha Mahatmya Glories of Reciting These Twelve Holy Names of Lord Nityananda By Srila Sarvabhauma Bhattacharya 3) sri nityananda candrasya nama-dvadasakam subham ya idam pratyaham pratah praty utthaya pathen narah

5 "That most fortunate person who recites these twelve most auspicious Holy names of the moonlike Lord Nityananda-chandra each and every day upon arising in the morning 4) sa klesa-rahito bhutva prapnuyat sva-mano-ratham turnam caitanya-devasya karuna-bhajanam bhavet...such a person very quickly becomes free from all miseries, obstacles and difficulties in life and attains the fulfillment of all his or her most cherished and intimate desires in life. Very soon such a person becomes the object and recepient of the supremely causeless mercy and compassion of the Supreme Lord Gaurangadeva. PRAYER TO LORD NITYANANDA by Lochana dasa Thakura hadayi-pandita-tanuja krpasamudra padmavati-tanaya tirtha-padaravinda tvam prema-kalpa-tarur arti-haravataro mam pahi pamaram anatham ananya-bandhum "O son of Padmavati and Hadai Ojha Pandit, Ocean of grace, whose lotus feet are veritably places of pilgrimage. You are the remover of distress, the desire tree of Divine love. I am a vile wretch, with no master and no other friend. Please save me!" How to observe this extremely auspicious day:- After you have taken a bath in the morning and wearing clean clothes go to your prayer place and offer incense, lamp and flowers (all seven times in a clockwise around the picture of Lord Nityananda. You should not have anything to eat or drink until noon of 29 th January. For those that are diabetic well try your best to observe the fast to the best of your abilities. Then you can break your fast just after noon with food that has been offered to Lord Nityananda. Please try to chant the maha mantra (Hare krishna hare krishna krishna krishna hare hare, hare rama hare rama rama rama hare hare) as many times as you can on this most auspicious day. And the mantras given above as well. In the evening when you go to your local temple offer fruits and milk or any foodstuffs that you can afford to the Deities. Lord Nityananda's lotus hands.

6 Lord Nityananda's lotus feet. DISCLAIMER:- Do note that Dipika is not affiliated to any Hindu group or organization. We at Dipika choose to remain an independent repository of spiritual advice. We appreciate that there are variances between organisations and humbly request that if our views differ from yours that you respect our decision not to conform to the prescripts of your particular organisation. We remain committed to spiritual advice which is based on scripture. Thank you so much for taking the time to read this article. We pray that this article will assist you in some way and we also pray that it helps you to appreciate the beauty and remarkable foresight of our ancient Hindu culture. We wish to educate all readers and demystify the path of Hinduism (Sanatan Dharma). Please feel free to share these articles with friends and family who do not have direct access to our website or articles. If you use the articles in any form including blogs and/or as part of other articles kindly credit our website as a source. We hope that the articles serve as a reference to you and your family when you need clarification of certain topics. Jai Hind. Jai Shree Nityananda Prabhu. Please do visit our Website to receive more free information about our beautiful culture Compiled for the upliftment of Sanatan Dharma Narottam das & Arjun Nandlal info@dipika.org.za #Team-Dipika

When a woman seeks a good husband Mantra.

When a woman seeks a good husband Mantra. When a woman seeks a good husband Mantra. Please note that the first 3 pages are more on mantras and how they will work for you and then the 3 5th pages are the mantras and the small D.I.Y havan to end

More information

All glories to Sri Guru and Sri Gauranga Sri Nityananda Prabhu

All glories to Sri Guru and Sri Gauranga Sri Nityananda Prabhu All glories to Sri Guru and Sri Gauranga Sri Nityananda Prabhu Page prepared for the devotee children by Parama Bhakti Dasi on the occasion of Lord Nityananda s Appearance Day 21 February 2005 Sri Nityananda

More information

Purnima (Full Moon) Dates for 2018

Purnima (Full Moon) Dates for 2018 Comprehensive 2018 Dates, Times and Puja proper for Full Moon (Purnima) and New Moon (Amavasya) Prem Namaste, Vanakkum, Hare Krsna, Jai Shree Krsna, Jai Shree Raam We at www.dipika.org.za pray that you

More information

Purnima (Full Moon) Dates for 2019

Purnima (Full Moon) Dates for 2019 Comprehensive 2019 Dates, Times and Puja proper for Full Moon (Purnima) and New Moon (Amavasya) Prem Namaste, Vanakkum, Hare Krsna, Jai Shree Krsna, Jai Shree Raam We at www.dipika.org.za pray that you

More information

The 4 Navaratri's in 2019.

The 4 Navaratri's in 2019. The 4 Navaratri's in 2019. Navaratri is a Hindu festival of worship of Devi Adi Para-Shakti and dance and festivities. The word Navaratri literally means nine nights in Sanskrit, nava meaning nine and

More information

The Tail Puja (prayers) to Shree Hanumanji

The Tail Puja (prayers) to Shree Hanumanji The Tail Puja (prayers) to Shree Hanumanji Sanatan Dharma's most revered and ultimate super-hero Shree Hanumanji is a great source of inspiration to us all in the sojourn of human life - to conquer our

More information

The 4 Navaratri's in 2018.

The 4 Navaratri's in 2018. The 4 Navaratri's in 2018. Navaratri is a Hindu festival of worship of Devi Adi Para-Shakti and dance and festivities. The word Navaratri literally means nine nights in Sanskrit, nava meaning nine and

More information

On behalf of ISKCON Atlanta, we would like to invite all the devotees to attend this year's Festival of Chariots and Panihati Festival.

On behalf of ISKCON Atlanta, we would like to invite all the devotees to attend this year's Festival of Chariots and Panihati Festival. Panihati Chida Danda Mahatsav festival is held at many other places throughout the world. Some information are given below for information--- ISKCON Atlanta for Festival of Chariots and Panihati www.dandavats.com/?p=12546

More information

[Kindly transcribed by Swetha Ganeshan Mataji] Download the audio for this lecture here: https://docs.google.com/uc?id=0byzawab085dbb1u4efrac2dpx3c&export=download From Sri Mayapur Chandrodaya Mandir!

More information

Golden Avatara Sri Caitanya Maha Prabhu

Golden Avatara Sri Caitanya Maha Prabhu Golden Avatara Sri Caitanya Maha Prabhu About 500 years ago, at the bank of Sacred river Ganges in India, a great personality appeared. Of all the saintly personalities appeared so far in India, He is

More information

Makar Sankranti 14 th January 2018

Makar Sankranti 14 th January 2018 Makar Sankranti 14 th January 2018 Prem Namaste, Vanakkum, Hare Krsna, Jai Shree Krsna, Jai Shree Raam Makar means Capricorn and Sankranti is transition. Sankranti means to go from one place to another

More information

Srila Narottama Das Thakur

Srila Narottama Das Thakur All glories to Sri Guru and Sri Gauranga Srila Narottama Das Thakur Page prepared for the devotee children by Parama Bhakti Dasi on the occasion of Srila Narottama Das Thakur's Appearance Day 24 February

More information

om ajnana-timirandhasya jnanjana-salakaya caksur unmilitam yena tasmai sri-gurave namah Sri-caitanya-mano-'bhistam sthapitam yena bh-tale svayam

om ajnana-timirandhasya jnanjana-salakaya caksur unmilitam yena tasmai sri-gurave namah Sri-caitanya-mano-'bhistam sthapitam yena bh-tale svayam om ajnana-timirandhasya jnanjana-salakaya caksur unmilitam yena tasmai sri-gurave namah Sri-caitanya-mano-'bhistam sthapitam yena bh-tale svayam rupam kada mahyam dadhati sva-padantikam I was born in the

More information

d

d (kindly transcribed by SheelaMataji, Singapore) Download the audio for this lecture here: https://docs.google.com/uc?id=0byzawab085dblw84uge4yvdjc2s&export=downloa d From Sri Mayapur ChandrodayaMandir

More information

Sri Jiva Goswami. Born about 1511, son of Vallabha, brother of Rupa. Played with murthis of Krishna & Balarama

Sri Jiva Goswami. Born about 1511, son of Vallabha, brother of Rupa. Played with murthis of Krishna & Balarama Sri Jiva Goswami Born about 1511, son of Vallabha, brother of Rupa. Played with murthis of Krishna & Balarama When Jiva was three or four years old, his uncles resigned from their ministerial posts at

More information

Sri Sri Guru Gaurangau Jayatah Bhakti Vedanta Institute Princeton University Harinama Princeton, NJ Feb. 16, 2013

Sri Sri Guru Gaurangau Jayatah Bhakti Vedanta Institute Princeton University Harinama Princeton, NJ Feb. 16, 2013 Sri Sri Guru Gaurangau Jayatah Bhakti Vedanta Institute Princeton University Harinama Princeton, NJ Feb. 16, 2013 Our Harinam Sankirtan program came to a standstill when we learned that our potential driver

More information

When the Divine Mother performs Her yearly Menstruation. The Ambubachi Mela

When the Divine Mother performs Her yearly Menstruation. The Ambubachi Mela When the Divine Mother performs Her yearly Menstruation. The Ambubachi Mela KINDLY NOTE: This article is part of the article released by www.dipika.org.za called Hinduism's views on Menstruation. The famous

More information

By His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Back To Godhead Vol. 17, No. 12, 1982.

By His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Back To Godhead Vol. 17, No. 12, 1982. By His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Back To Godhead Vol. 17, No. 12, 1982. An explanation of a song by the great spiritual teacher Narottama dasa Thakura, some fourteen years ago in

More information

NC-15-P Jun 06, 2014

NC-15-P Jun 06, 2014 NC-15-P21 0305 Jun 06, 2014 1 2 Jaya Rādha Mādhava Jaya Kunja Vihārī Jaya Gopī Jana Vallabha Jaya Giri Vara Dhārī... (Jaya) Yaśodā Nandana Vraja Jana Ranjana Yamunā tīra Vana Cāri... (Jaya) [ Hare Krishna

More information

His Divine Grace. Swami B.R. Sridhar SRI CHAITANYA SARASWAT MATH

His Divine Grace. Swami B.R. Sridhar SRI CHAITANYA SARASWAT MATH His Divine Grace Swami B.R. Sridhar SRI CHAITANYA SARASWAT MATH A TRAGEDY OF SEPARATION According to solar calculation, it was on the day of Makara-sa krå ti, an auspicious conjunction of the stars, that

More information

Issue 6 Octobre 2015 Monthly -magazine on Deity-Worship

Issue 6 Octobre 2015 Monthly  -magazine on Deity-Worship 1 Issue 6 Octobre 2015 Monthly e-mail-magazine on Deity-Worship Content: - Nectar from Srila Prabhupada page 2 Today: About how to properly dress Gaura-Nitai - How the Deity reciprocates with His Devotee

More information

The Whole Trip from the 13 th Day to the 361 st Day to Yamaloka

The Whole Trip from the 13 th Day to the 361 st Day to Yamaloka The Whole Trip from the 13 th Day to the 361 st Day to Yamaloka So in this article we continue from the previous article called What to do from the cremation day to the 13 th days ceremony. In this article

More information

All Glories to Sri Guru and Gauranga

All Glories to Sri Guru and Gauranga All Glories to Sri Guru and Gauranga My Dear Gurudeva, Please accept my humble obeisances in the dust of your holy lotus feet. Greetings from South Africa! Please accept this humble Vyasa Puja offering

More information

_Srimad_Bhagavatam _First_Gaura_Purnima_in_Ke_Publication_Version

_Srimad_Bhagavatam _First_Gaura_Purnima_in_Ke_Publication_Version 19820309_Srimad_Bhagavatam.4.22.25_First_Gaura_Purnima_in_Ke_Publication_Version The following is a lecture given by His Holiness Jayapataka Swami on March 9 th, 1982 in Sridhama Mayapura. The class begins

More information

Life Of Mahätmä Ajamila (Part-2)

Life Of Mahätmä Ajamila (Part-2) Sri Padminé Ekadäsé Issue no:87 25th May 2018 Life Of Mahätmä Ajamila (Part-2) The History Of Ajamila Srila Sukadeva Goswami How Was A Perfect Brahmacäré Like Ajamila Affected? & Three Types Of Brahmacärés

More information

Sri Sri Guru Gaurangau Jayatah Bhakti Vedanta Institute Princeton University Harinama Princeton, NJ June 21, 2014

Sri Sri Guru Gaurangau Jayatah Bhakti Vedanta Institute Princeton University Harinama Princeton, NJ June 21, 2014 Sri Sri Guru Gaurangau Jayatah Bhakti Vedanta Institute Princeton University Harinama Princeton, NJ June 21, 2014 We went to our favorite shelter tree in front of Alexander Hall at Princeton University

More information

Mayapur. - A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. In India

Mayapur. - A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada. In India Mayapur Is My Place Of Worship - A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada This publication has been printed by the TOVP office located in Sridhama Mayapur. For more information please contact: In Canada Rajasuya

More information

They are Unable to Touch Srila Gurudeva s Heart

They are Unable to Touch Srila Gurudeva s Heart They are Unable to Touch Srila Gurudeva s Heart These four questions are not difficult for us. We can answer thousands of your unanswerable questions, but you should come and discuss it with us face to

More information

ISKCON Belfast 2a Brooklands Grange, Dunmurry, BT17 0SA

ISKCON Belfast 2a Brooklands Grange, Dunmurry, BT17 0SA JAN/FEB 2019 ISKCON Belfast 2a Brooklands Grange, Dunmurry, BT17 0SA A Purpose Driven Temple Giriraj Swami: One night, while I was sleeping on the roof of the gurukula building, one of Prabhupada's assistants

More information

Vrndavan Highest Paradise on Earth

Vrndavan Highest Paradise on Earth Vrndavan Highest Paradise on Earth Here: Krishna reveled in pastimes of love. His flute maddened the animate & inanimate with the bliss of divine love Brahma wanted to roll in the dust Many a saint realized

More information

Disease called impersonalism

Disease called impersonalism Disease called impersonalism Venue: Pandharpur Verse: Srimad Bhagavatam 4.8.47 srivatsankam ghana-syamam purusam vana-malinam sankha-cakra-gada-padmair abhivyakta-caturbhujam Word for word: srivatsankam

More information

New Braj Hari-kathā Festival 2018

New Braj Hari-kathā Festival 2018 New Braj Hari-kathā Festival 2018 & INSTALLATION of Śrīla Gurudeva s Mūrti New Braj, Badger, CA, USA June 11-17, 2018 Our Illustrious Guru-varga Śrī Śrīmad Bhaktivedānta Nārāyaṇa Gosvāmī Mahārāja Śrī Śrīmad

More information

Contents. Maṅgalācaraṇa...viii. Foreword...xii. Introduction...xiv. The Glories of Vraja...xxii. Acknowledgments...xxviii

Contents. Maṅgalācaraṇa...viii. Foreword...xii. Introduction...xiv. The Glories of Vraja...xxii. Acknowledgments...xxviii Dedication This book is dedicated to my beloved spiritual master, His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda, who revealed the ever blissful abode of Vraja to the whole world; to all past, present,

More information

Our Paramahamsa Parampara

Our Paramahamsa Parampara Our Paramahamsa Parampara By Narasimha das Srila Prabhupada did many things that might be adjudged, by veda vada ratas, Hindus or others, to be against Vedic traditions. For instance, Srila Prabhupada

More information

Welcome to our April Newsletter

Welcome to our April Newsletter Welcome to our April Newsletter April 2009 Dear Friends, in this issue... Ministry News Pujari Profile Srila Prabhupada on Deity Worship Mayapur Academy News Protect The Lord upcoming dates April 2009

More information

Terms. Yuga: a Hindu philosophy that refers to an 'era' within a cycle of four ages: the Satya Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga

Terms. Yuga: a Hindu philosophy that refers to an 'era' within a cycle of four ages: the Satya Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga DEITIES Terms Brahman: the concept of the Godhead found in Hinduism. Brahman is the unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality which is the Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time, space,

More information

INSIDE THIS ISSUE. Dear Maharajas,

INSIDE THIS ISSUE. Dear Maharajas, ISKCON Sannyasa Ministry Volume 1, January-March 2016 Dear Maharajas, Please accept my humble obeisances. All glories to Srila Prabhupada! We are pleased to introduce you to the Sannyasa Newsletter. This

More information

All glory to Sri Sri Guru Gauranga Gandharva Govinda-sundarjiu

All glory to Sri Sri Guru Gauranga Gandharva Govinda-sundarjiu All glory to Sri Sri Guru Gauranga Gandharva Govinda-sundarjiu All glory to His Divine Grace Srila Bhakti Sundar Govinda Dev-Goswami Maharaj and to his eternal, faithful associates. All glory to Sri Chaitanya

More information

Srimad Bhagavad-gita: The Complete Sanskrit Text In Roman Transliteration [Kindle Edition] By Sri Krishna READ ONLINE

Srimad Bhagavad-gita: The Complete Sanskrit Text In Roman Transliteration [Kindle Edition] By Sri Krishna READ ONLINE Srimad Bhagavad-gita: The Complete Sanskrit Text In Roman Transliteration [Kindle Edition] By Sri Krishna READ ONLINE If you are looking for the ebook Srimad Bhagavad-gita: The complete Sanskrit text in

More information

I offer many dandavats and hope you have many days like this. I hope this offering finds you very well in the company of all the devotees.

I offer many dandavats and hope you have many days like this. I hope this offering finds you very well in the company of all the devotees. Dear Srila Bhakti Sundar Govinda Dev-Goswami Maharaj, Gurudev, you are a great Spiritual Master who is dedicated with heart and soul to expanding the teachings of Lord Krishna, Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

More information

NEW TALAVAN TIMES TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. YOGA STUDIO VISITS OUR TEMPLE. 2. SERIES ON SRI SIKSASTAKAM COMPLETED. 3. KRISHNA S DAY, DECEMBER 25 th 2008.

NEW TALAVAN TIMES TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. YOGA STUDIO VISITS OUR TEMPLE. 2. SERIES ON SRI SIKSASTAKAM COMPLETED. 3. KRISHNA S DAY, DECEMBER 25 th 2008. NEW TALAVAN TIMES December-08/January-09 Newsletter Reporter-Yogindra Vandana das. Writer: Sridevi dasi [Dr. Lakshmi Dajak]. Editing- HG Chandrabhanu das. Typist- Evie. Layout and design - Ramatoshan das.

More information

BHAGAVAD-GITA AS IT IS

BHAGAVAD-GITA AS IT IS BHAGAVAD-GITA AS IT IS Chapter 7 Overview Knowledge Of The Absolute Jaya Radha-Madhava by Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura jaya radha-madhava, kunja-bihari gopi-jana-vallabha, giri-vara-dhari jasoda-nandana,

More information

F.A.Q S in Pitr Paksha

F.A.Q S in Pitr Paksha F.A.Q S in Pitr Paksha Prem Namaste, Vanakum, Hare Krsna, Jai Shree Krsna, Jai Shree Raam All glories to the wonderful servants of the Supreme Lord. All glories to one's wonderful ancestors. Once again

More information

On Learning Verses For the Vaisnavas

On Learning Verses For the Vaisnavas On Learning Verses For the Vaisnavas 1 Contents WHY DO WE LEARN VERSES (ROHININANDANA DASA)... 3 SRILA PRABHUPADA ON WHY WE LEARN VERSES... 5 HOW TO LEARN VERSES (DRAVIDA DASA)... 5 MORE ON HOW TO LEARN

More information

LORD RAMA (THE PERFECT MAN) DATE: SATURDAY, 8 TH APRIL 2017

LORD RAMA (THE PERFECT MAN) DATE: SATURDAY, 8 TH APRIL 2017 LORD RAMA (THE PERFECT MAN) DATE: SATURDAY, 8 TH APRIL 2017 CONTENT INTRODUCTION LORD RAMA THE PERFECT MAN SIGNIFICANCE OF RAMNAVAMI. SWAMI S MESSAGE LORD RAMA (THE PERFECT MAN) Rama Avatar is the seventh

More information

mam Tutsi Mahaprabhu's Birthplace Revealed! Books

mam Tutsi Mahaprabhu's Birthplace Revealed! Books mam Mahaprabhu's Birthplace Revealed! Tutsi Books Sometime in the 1920's... Sri Navadvipa Mandala Parikrama led by Srila Bhakti Siddhanta Sarasvati Thakura is in progress. Srila Bhakti Siddhata Sarasvati

More information

BHAGAVAD-GITA AS IT IS. Chapter 4 Overview

BHAGAVAD-GITA AS IT IS. Chapter 4 Overview BHAGAVAD-GITA AS IT IS Chapter 4 Overview Jaya Radha-Madhava by Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura jaya radha-madhava, kunja-bihari gopi-jana-vallabha, giri-vara-dhari jasoda-nandana, braja-jana-ranjana, jamuna-tira-vana-cari

More information

Week 334 Jan

Week 334 Jan Week 334 Jan 23 2015 1 2 Can we commit Sin on the name of Holy Name? 3 Can we commit Sin on the strength of Tilak? What does the sastra say? 4 nityam karoti yah pāpī gopi-candana-dhāranam sa prayati harer

More information

Sri Sri Guru Gaurangau Jayatah Bhakti Vedanta Institute Of Spiritual Culture and Science Princeton University Sanga Princeton, NJ Jan.

Sri Sri Guru Gaurangau Jayatah Bhakti Vedanta Institute Of Spiritual Culture and Science Princeton University Sanga Princeton, NJ Jan. Sri Sri Guru Gaurangau Jayatah Bhakti Vedanta Institute Of Spiritual Culture and Science Princeton University Sanga Princeton, NJ Jan. 13, 2013 What is matter? This was the question posed by Sripad Bhakti

More information

Hare Krishna TV LIVE. Video Playlist of Lectures, Seminars and Festivals

Hare Krishna TV LIVE. Video Playlist of Lectures, Seminars and Festivals Listen to this His Holiness Bhanu Swami Maharaja was born in Canada on the 26th December 948 to the most fortunate Japanese parents. HH Bhanu Swami Maharaja is one of the senior disciples of His Divine

More information

Caitanya Reader Book Seven. The Story of Mädhavendra Puré A Children s Reader

Caitanya Reader Book Seven. The Story of Mädhavendra Puré A Children s Reader Caitanya Reader Book Seven The Story of Mädhavendra Puré A Children s Reader Adapted from the Caitanya Caritämåta by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupäda ISKCON Children s Press 1975 by

More information

Ganesh Chaturthi (The Appearance day Of Lord Ganesh)

Ganesh Chaturthi (The Appearance day Of Lord Ganesh) Ganesh Chaturthi (The Appearance day Of Lord Ganesh) SHREE GANESH VANDANA: - Shuklam baratharam vishnum shashi varnam chaturbhujam prasanna vadanam dhyayet sarva vighnopa shantaye agajanana padmargam gajanana

More information

Glories of Bhagavad Gita from Padma Purana By Shyamagopika dd on Fri, :17.

Glories of Bhagavad Gita from Padma Purana By Shyamagopika dd on Fri, :17. Glories of Bhagavad Gita from Padma Purana By Shyamagopika dd on Fri, 2009-11-27 16:17. "I Myself have manifested in the Form of Bhagavadgita. Please understand that the first five chapters are My five

More information

The Crying Child In The Womb Of Mother... (From the Garuda Purana and the Srimad Bhagavatam.)

The Crying Child In The Womb Of Mother... (From the Garuda Purana and the Srimad Bhagavatam.) The Crying Child In The Womb Of Mother... (From the Garuda Purana and the Srimad Bhagavatam.) Garuda Purana Preta Khanda 48.22 Staying in the womb, he recollects everything. But coming out of the womb,

More information

The Conch. Lord Sri Krishna and Arjuna blew their celestial conches to rally and enthuse the devotees.

The Conch.   Lord Sri Krishna and Arjuna blew their celestial conches to rally and enthuse the devotees. Issue May 2017 The Conch www.conch.org.au Lord Sri Krishna and Arjuna blew their celestial conches to rally and enthuse the devotees. Newsletter New Govardhana Community Dedicated to His Divine Grace A.C.

More information

Teacher s sign: Parent s sign:

Teacher s sign: Parent s sign: Gopal s Fun School RS No. Kanhaiyya-Nitai- 001 WHO IS KRISHNA? This is Krishna. Krishna is the Supreme Personality of Godhead. See how beautiful He is! He stands in a threefold bending form. He plays sweet

More information

Narada Bulletin MARCH 2009

Narada Bulletin MARCH 2009 S S K B K Narada Bulletin MARCH 2009 *Hebri/Udupi* Karnataka* India* Hare Krishna! All glories to Srila Prabhupada and his Varnasrama Mission! H I G H L I G H T S v Varnasrama college successfully completes

More information

VAISHNAVA CALENDAR (Gourabda ) Month Date Event Breaking Fast

VAISHNAVA CALENDAR (Gourabda ) Month Date Event Breaking Fast VAISHNAVA CALENDAR 2018-2019 (Gourabda 531-532) Month Date Event Breaking Fast Sat 3rd Festival of Jagannath Misra Tue 13th Next day after Sunrise Mar 2018 Sun 25th Sri Rama Navami Fasting till Sunset

More information

Sri Sri Guru Gaurangau Jayatah Bhakti Vedanta Institute Princeton University Harinama Princeton, NJ April 6, 2013

Sri Sri Guru Gaurangau Jayatah Bhakti Vedanta Institute Princeton University Harinama Princeton, NJ April 6, 2013 Sri Sri Guru Gaurangau Jayatah Bhakti Vedanta Institute Princeton University Harinama Princeton, NJ April 6, 2013 Harer Nama Harer Nama Harer Namaiva Kevalam Kalau Nasty Eva Nasty Eva Nasty Eva Gatir Anyatha

More information

Gaura Katha Day 2 Pune

Gaura Katha Day 2 Pune Gaura Katha Day 2 Pune Caitanya Mahaprabhu glorifies Madhavendra Puri. anarpita-carim cirat karunayavatirna kale samarpayitum unnatojjvala-rasam sva-bhakti-sriyam hari purata-sundara-dyuti-kadamba-sandipita

More information

VAISHNAVA CALENDAR (Gourabda )

VAISHNAVA CALENDAR (Gourabda ) VAISHNAVA CALENDAR 2018-2019 (Gourabda 531-532) Month Date Event Breaking Fast Mar 2018 Sat 3rd Rathayatra and Festival of Jagannath Misra Tue 13th Ekadashi Next day after Sunrise Sun 25th Sri Rama Navami

More information

The Mercy. of Lord Chaitanya. (Damodara Class)

The Mercy. of Lord Chaitanya. (Damodara Class) The Mercy of Lord Chaitanya (Damodara Class) Hare Krishna Sitnday School International Society for Krishna Consciousness Founder-acarya His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada Name: ------

More information

Before the procreation of the baby to the Conception Rites...

Before the procreation of the baby to the Conception Rites... Before the procreation of the baby to the Conception Rites... Though the vaidic samskaras (Purificatory processes) may be considered secondary activities because they are discarded when one passes from

More information

All Glories to Sri Guru and Gauranga! The e-magazine of Sri Gopinath Gaudiya Math Issue No.5 March In this issue:

All Glories to Sri Guru and Gauranga! The e-magazine of Sri Gopinath Gaudiya Math Issue No.5 March In this issue: All Glories to Sri Guru and Gauranga! Founder Acharaya His Divine Grace Srila Bhakti Promode Puri Goswami Thakur BHAGAVATA The e-magazine of Sri Gopinath Gaudiya Math Issue No.5 March 2017 DHARMA President

More information

Free Write Journal #19. This is the 19th week of the Journal. On Vyasa-puja day I learned that

Free Write Journal #19. This is the 19th week of the Journal. On Vyasa-puja day I learned that 1 Free Write Journal #19 December 5, 2018 This is the 19th week of the Journal. On Vyasa-puja day I learned that many disciples don t read it. In some cases they don t know how to operate a computer, or

More information

Yogini Ekadashi: from the Brahma-vaivarta Purana.

Yogini Ekadashi: from the Brahma-vaivarta Purana. Prem Namaste, Vanakum, Hare Krsna, Jai Shree Krsna, Jai Shree Raam All glories to our eternal Parents Shree Shree Radha Krsna All glories to the most merciful Shree Shree Lakshmi Nrsimhadeva All glories

More information

Vedic Yagya Center. P.O. Box Austin TX Tel: Fax:

Vedic Yagya Center. P.O. Box Austin TX Tel: Fax: Vedic Yagya Center P.O. Box 500271 Austin TX 78750 Tel: 888 835 7788 Fax: 512 788 5694 www.vedicyagyacenter.com yagnya@vydic.org Significance of Sravana Varalakshmi Vratam Introduction: Sri Vara Lakshmi

More information

HINDU GODS AND GODDESSES 1. BRAHMA

HINDU GODS AND GODDESSES 1. BRAHMA HINDU GODS AND GODDESSES 1. BRAHMA The first deity of the Hindu trinity, Lord Brahma is considered to be the god of Creation, including the cosmos and all of its beings. Brahma also symbolizes the mind

More information

BC Religio ig ns n of S outh h A sia

BC Religio ig ns n of S outh h A sia Religions of South Asia 2500 250 BC Hinduism gave birth to Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism Christianity Jesus Christ, son of God the Bible Islam Muhammadlast prophet to talk to Allah t he Quran Do you think

More information

IPM News. Dedicated to His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivendanta Swami Prabhupada

IPM News. Dedicated to His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivendanta Swami Prabhupada IPM News Dedicated to His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivendanta Swami Prabhupada JANUARY 2010 ISKCON Prison Ministry Newsletter Changing Lives From the Inside Out! IskconPrisonMinistry@gmail.com http://ipm.bbnow.org/

More information

All Glories to Sri Guru and Gauranga! The e-magazine of Sri Gopinath Gaudiya Math Issue No.13 August In this issue:

All Glories to Sri Guru and Gauranga! The e-magazine of Sri Gopinath Gaudiya Math Issue No.13 August In this issue: All Glories to Sri Guru and Gauranga! Founder Acharaya His Divine Grace Srila Bhakti Promode Puri Goswami Thakura BHAGAVATA The e-magazine of Sri Gopinath Gaudiya Math Issue No.13 August 2018 DHARMA President

More information

Hinduism and the goddess Lakshmi

Hinduism and the goddess Lakshmi Post-visit Activity: Enrichment Reading Hinduism and the goddess Lakshmi Hinduism is considered to be one the major world religions. It originated on the Indian subcontinent and is comprised of several

More information

Facilitators FACILITATOR

Facilitators FACILITATOR Facilitators FACILITATOR x` Clipboards Agenda Focus Areas My NRR History Sticker Notepad My Offering AGENDA Introduction What is CDI? Empowerment Story 1 Icebreaker 1 Team Formation Brunch Prasadam Icebreaker

More information

The Generals Who Could Not Be Defeated

The Generals Who Could Not Be Defeated he Sampradaya Sun - Independent Vaisnava News - Edit... 1 of 9 7/24/2013 8:27 PM The Generals Who Could Not Be Defeated BY: RUPANUGA DAS (ACBSP) Oct 26, 2012 JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA (SUN) His Divine Grace

More information

SRI SARVESHWARI TIMES

SRI SARVESHWARI TIMES SRI SARVESHWARI TIMES NOVEMBER 1999 Even truth uttered untimely is like poison In the absence of discretion, everything turns into poison AUGHAR VANI, Avadhuta's Wisdom Aghoreshwar Baba Bhagwan Ramji True

More information

Homages from the Publishers

Homages from the Publishers Homages from the Publishers Bhaktivedanta Book Trust (Far East and Middle East) Dear Çréla Prabhupäda, Please accept my humble obeisances beneath the dust of your sacred lotus feet. All glories, all glories,

More information

The Sacred Ganga (River Ganges)

The Sacred Ganga (River Ganges) Vedic Yagya Center P.O. Box 500271 Austin, TX - 78750 Tel: 888 835 7788 Fax: (512)-788-5694 www.vedicyagyacenter.com yagnya@vydic.org The Sacred Ganga (River Ganges) Part I. Ganga origin: GANGA MATA Vedas

More information

Homages from Ministries

Homages from Ministries Homages from Ministries 5_Ministries_02June2012.indd 243 5_Ministries_02June2012.indd 244 Homages from Ministries ISKCON Congregational Development Ministry nama oà viñëu-pädäya kåñëa-preñöhäya bhü-tale

More information

VEDANTA SOCIETY OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Vallejo Street (at Fillmore) San Francisco, CA 94123

VEDANTA SOCIETY OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Vallejo Street (at Fillmore) San Francisco, CA 94123 VEDANTA SOCIETY OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA 2323 Vallejo Street (at Fillmore) San Francisco, CA 94123, Minister and Spiritual Teacher Ramakrishna Order of India JANUARY 2018 SUNDAY LECTURES: 11 A.M. January

More information

Fri 24 May. Nrsimhadeva Caturdasi

Fri 24 May. Nrsimhadeva Caturdasi M a y 2 0 1 3 The Conch www.theconchnewsletter.org Lord Sri Krishna and Arjuna blew their celestial conches to rally and enthuse the devotees. Newsletter of New Govardhana Community Dedicated to His Divine

More information

Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Based on the teachings of His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada By Yaduraja Dasa Published by Sankirtana Seva Trust Bangalore A book in English SRI CHAITANYA MAHAPRABHU

More information

The Importance Of Right Conduct In Hinduism

The Importance Of Right Conduct In Hinduism The Importance Of Right Conduct In Hinduism Hinduism has no one main founder like the Buddha or Jesus or the Prophet Muhammad or Guru Nanak. One result of this is that there are many forms of Hinduism

More information

BHAKTI MARGA SA: monthly newsletter july - august 2017

BHAKTI MARGA SA: monthly newsletter july - august 2017 July - August 2017 Events / Prayers 30/06-02/07/2017 Retreat and Seva planting at Sri Vishwananda Nilaya Ashram 09/07/2017 Guru Purnima celebrations at Sri Maha Jwala Narasimha Temple & Sri Maha Shanta

More information

Brazilian Report Seva#3/ Srimad Bhagavad-gita launching. Third Chapter: Back to the start line

Brazilian Report Seva#3/ Srimad Bhagavad-gita launching. Third Chapter: Back to the start line Brazilian Report Seva#3/2013 - Srimad Bhagavad-gita launching All the glories to Sri Guru and Sri Gauranga! Third Chapter: Back to the start line Dear Srila Bhakti Nirmal Acharya Maharaj, Acharya Board

More information

Sri Sri Gaura Nitai 35th Installation Anniversary

Sri Sri Gaura Nitai 35th Installation Anniversary 1 His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada Founder-Acharya of the International Society for Krsna Consciousness He Came with the Message of the Absolute World ISKCON s Purpose Kåñëa consciousness

More information

Hinduism 4: Vedantic Hinduism

Hinduism 4: Vedantic Hinduism Eastern Religions Hinduism 4: Vedantic Hinduism 1. Trimurti and Brahma 2. Vishnu 3. The Avatars 4. More Vedantic Philosophy 5. Shiva Note: Gold and White 1 trimurti and brahma The 3 Faces of God Trimurti

More information

Issue 5 Juli 2015 Monthly -magazine on Deity-Worship

Issue 5 Juli 2015 Monthly  -magazine on Deity-Worship 1 Issue 5 Juli 2015 Monthly e-mail-magazine on Deity-Worship Content: - Nectar from Srila Prabhupada page 2 Today: A devotee should try to understand everything in relationship with Kåñëa, SB 3.29.21 -

More information

The Vande Arts Team would like to offer this special drama script depicting Srila Prabhupada s epic voyage on the Jaladuta.

The Vande Arts Team would like to offer this special drama script depicting Srila Prabhupada s epic voyage on the Jaladuta. The Vande Arts Team would like to offer this special drama script depicting Srila Prabhupada s epic voyage on the Jaladuta. Devotees are welcome to use the script for their own celebrations of Srila Prabhupada

More information

contains: The full nightmarish gallery The Nightmarish Art of Satsvarupa dasa

contains: The full nightmarish gallery The Nightmarish Art of Satsvarupa dasa contains: The full nightmarish gallery The Nightmarish Art of Satsvarupa dasa This is not a good style of painting. It is an artistic style for sense gratification only. I cannot encourage this style it

More information

International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) Founder Acharya His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada

International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) Founder Acharya His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada BHAKTIVEDANTA MANOR February 2018 February 2018 N E W S L E T T E R International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) Founder Acharya His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada A small

More information

The Nine Islands of Navadwip Dhama

The Nine Islands of Navadwip Dhama The Nine Islands of Navadwip Dhama (Madan Mohan Class) Name -------- Class --------- The Nine Islands of Navadwip Dham Compiled by: Tapasvini devi dasi Vishnu das Hare Krishna Sunday School This book is

More information

STOP! COPYRIGHT Material beyond this.

STOP! COPYRIGHT Material beyond this. STOP! COPYRIGHT Material beyond this. out the file: Initiation.zip Hare Krsna Dear Readers, The book Chanting Hare Krishna has been compiled from the teachings of His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami

More information

Bhaktivedanta Manor Sankirtan Newsletter

Bhaktivedanta Manor Sankirtan Newsletter as.it.is Bhaktivedanta Manor Sankirtan Newsletter International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Founder Acarya His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada Autumn 2014 The Open Secret Srila

More information

The Conch. Lord Sri Krishna and Arjuna blew their celestial conches to rally and enthuse the devotees. Newsletter. New Govardhana Community

The Conch. Lord Sri Krishna and Arjuna blew their celestial conches to rally and enthuse the devotees. Newsletter. New Govardhana Community November 2017 www.conch.org.au Lord Sri Krishna and Arjuna blew their celestial conches to rally and enthuse the devotees. Newsletter New Govardhana Community krishnafarm.com The Conch Dedicated to His

More information

Who Hindus Worship. Trideva

Who Hindus Worship. Trideva Who Hindus Worship Many Hindus understand God to be Brahman or the Absolute -- an ever-present, all-powerful presence beyond form and comprehension. Brahman has no attributes, whether physical characteristics

More information

Pradosham dates for 2018.

Pradosham dates for 2018. Pradosham dates for 2018. Shani Pradosham:- When 13th Moon-day Trayodashi falls on Saturday 22 nd September. Soma Pradosham:- When 13th Moon-day Trayodashi falls on Monday 29 th January, 11 th June, 25

More information

Chaitanya-Charitamrita Compact

Chaitanya-Charitamrita Compact Chaitanya-Charitamrita Compact A summary study of Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu s life story By Sutapa das Based on Shri Chaitanya-Charitamrita translated by His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada

More information

The Highest Science is in the Bhagavad-Gita

The Highest Science is in the Bhagavad-Gita The Highest Science is in the Bhagavad-Gita I exist within everything, and I am therefore the essence of the atomic constituents of material elements. By attaching his mind to Me in this form, the yogī

More information

I Vow To Practice Ruchira Avatara Bhakti Yoga

I Vow To Practice Ruchira Avatara Bhakti Yoga I Vow To Practice Ruchira Avatara Bhakti Yoga A Study Guide for The Feast of Ruchira Avatara Purnima July 2001 A Course for Members of All Congregations of Adidam 1 NOTE TO THE READER All who study Adidam

More information

Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2010

Mark Scheme (Results) Summer 2010 Mark Scheme (Results) GCSE (5RS13) Paper 01 Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750 Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH Edexcel is one of the leading examining and

More information