- Codependence of Church and State
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2 - Codependence of Church and State - One king, one faith, one law = one state - Challenge to this: rise of Protestantism = Peace of Augsburg - No religious tolerance - State organization = unity of religion and governance
3 - John Calvin and Calvinism in France - Huguenots - Death of King Henry II (r ) - Ascension of Francis II (r ) - Guise family = HUGELY Catholic - Rivalry with the Protestant Condés family - Charles IX (r ) - Mother-Regent = Catherine de Medici = Civil War in France - Protestants vs. Catholics
4 = Guise patriarch assassinated - International involvement - August 1572 = St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre - Catherine de Medici planned a conciliatory wedding - 24 August = day of the wedding, Huguenot leaders killed
5 - Huguenots look for ways to justify rebellion against the King - Rejection of divine right - Charles IX dies; Henry III (r ) becomes King - Henry of Navarre (a Protestant!) next in line - Catholic League forms, pledges allegiance to the Church - December 1588 = Henry III orders the murder of Guise family members = Catherine de Medici dies; Henry III assassinated
6 - Everyone is dead, except... - Henry of Navarre = rightful heir to the French throne = Henry of Navarre publicly converts to Catholicism - Becomes Henry IV (r ) = Edict of Nantes - Establishes religious tolerance for Huguenots in France = Henry IV assassinated - But, generally, France is peaceful again
7 - 16 th -century Spain was awesome - King Philip II (r ) ruled Spain, the Netherlands, colonial holdings, Portugal, parts of Italy, etc. - Staunch Catholic - Worked to curb growing influence of Ottoman Empire
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9 - 16 th -century Spain was awesome - King Philip II (r ) ruled Spain, the Netherlands, colonial holdings, Portugal, parts of Italy, etc. - Staunch Catholic - Worked to curb growing influence of Ottoman Empire - King Philip II of England?! = inherited the throne through marriage = Spanish support Irish rebellion = English support Dutch rebellion = English defeated the Spanish Armada
10 » English profit from large agricultural settlements 1607 = Jamestown» English settlers look for religious freedom 1620 = Plymouth Rock» Landowning = political power Plantations» Very little interracial marriage b/t English and Natives
11 - Wealth and influence of the Netherlands - Netherlands was very tolerant of other religions - Refused to enforce new pro-catholic laws = Calvinists smash Catholicism = Calvinist leaders publicly executed = Protestants successfully occupy northern Dutch provinces
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13 - Wealth and influence of the Netherlands - Netherlands was very tolerant of other religions - Refused to enforce new pro-catholic laws = Calvinists smash Catholicism = Calvinist leaders publicly executed = Protestants successfully occupy northern Dutch provinces = permanent split between Low Countries and Northern Provinces = Twelve Years Truce
14 » - 16 th Century = Poland-Lithuania was enormous...
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16 - 16 th Century = Poland-Lithuania was enormous - Largely Catholic, but tolerant = Sigismund III became King = inherited Swedish throne = deposed by his uncle - Pissed off; lots of conflict with Sweden
17 = Ivan the Terrible died, leaving a power vacuum - Ivan really was pretty terrible, but kept everyone in-check = Sigismund III captured Moscow - Declared himself the new Tsar - Michael Romanov elected Tsar by Russian nobility - Poland backs off
18 - Always second-fiddle to Denmark = Gustav I Vasa (r ) led uprising = secured important trade routes - Made crazy amounts of money - Lutherans - Supported deposing Sigismund III because of his Catholicism - Used conflict with Poland to expand territory
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20 - Always second-fiddle to Denmark = Gustav I Vasa (r ) led uprising = secured important trade routes - Made crazy amounts of money - Protestants - Supported deposing Sigismund III because of his Catholicism - Used conflict with Poland to expand territory = Danes invaded Sweden = Swedes accept defeat
21 = Gustavus Adolphus became King (r ) - Uniqueness of Swedish military - Still at war with Poland = Swedes captured Riga, controlled massive amount of trade - Sigismund III finally admits that he has no right to Swedish throne
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