Chapter 9: Spain Looks Westward. What elements of a society s worldview might lead to a desire to create an empire?

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1 Chapter 9: Spain Looks Westward What elements of a society s worldview might lead to a desire to create an empire?

2 Columbus and Spanish Worldview We will read the story on page 193 Keep in mind these two questions as we read: What factors do you think influenced Columbus to want to want to embark on this journey? Why might the Spanish Monarchs be hesitant to support him?

3 Worldview inquiry question What elements of societies worldview might lead to a desire to create an empire? Why do you think GEOGRAPHY, BELIEFS, AND VALUES are highlighted?

4 Whats in the picture? Look at the picture of Christopher Columbus from page 192 and 104 and compare them using this question. What impression do you get about him from this portrait? Remember to think about the Facts, Questions that you may have and an message or reasoning for the picture.

5 Portraits of Columbus

6 Portraits of Columbus

7 Portraits of Columbus

8 Whats in a risk? Who is a person that you know who has taken a risk? How are they like Columbus? What is something that you would do if you were guaranteed success? How would this make you a more daring person? Can you think of any celebrities who seem like they thrive on their fame? or need to be recognized by others? How does this compare to Columbus?

9 Geography and Religion We will read page 194 as a class. As we read think about what direction in Canada interests you the most? What does the saying geography controls everything mean? How can this be applied to Canada?

10 al-andalus, Muslim Spain Include these pieces of information in the Geography flap of your book Read page 196 and describe the reasons why Muslims were able to take over Spain.. Read the rest of page 196 and 197 on your own. Explain the impacts of Muslim rule in Spain. Using page 200 of your textbook identify the reasons why Muslims lost control of Spain.

11 al-andalus, Muslim Spain Internal struggles and a series of weak leaders left Spain venerable to attack. By 711 Muslim forces had crossed the strait of Gibraltar and in a few years they conquered the almost the whole Iberian Peninsula. They created a great sense of national unity they created many large buildings and mosques.

12 Impacts of Muslim Rule Spain became apart of a vast trading empire as the Islamic world was the largest economic trading zone in the world. They included many people from different cultures, with their own cultures and traditions. This allowed the exchange of ideas to flow freely. Muslin leaders and wealthy citizens supported the arts. As in the renaissance, art, music, and architecture reflected Islamic values.

13 Impacts of Muslim Rule Cordoba, Seville, and Granada, became great centres of learning with valued understanding the universe and leading an ethical life. They focused on the sciences and medicines. Muslim society was rather tolerant of other religious minorities

14 Losing Control Using page 200 of your textbook identify the reasons why Muslims lost control of Spain.

15 Losing Control A series of ineffective leaders led to a period of civil unrest, this lead to the creation of a number of independent principalities, or states. The loss of a unified state resulted in fighting among local leaders.

16 The Reconquista Video The Reconquista began as a way for the Christian kingdoms to expand their power and influence. It was also a war based on religious differences. During these wars the Spanish began to have large groups of soldiers fight using the same weapon in tight formations. The result was the development of a very effective infantry, and the Spanish brought this effective style of fighting to the Americas.

17 Gold, Glory and Spanish Worldview In what ways did the desire for gold shape the Spanish Actions during the 1400s and 1500s?

18 I Never Wanted To Be Famous I Just Wanted To Be Great

19 Inquiry questions In what ways did the desire for gold shape the Spanish Actions during the 1400s and 1500s? Have you ever wanted to be rich to famous? What was your motivation wanting to be either of these things?

20 National Wealth What are the benefits of having large amounts of wealth?

21 The Cost of War Gold Flap The centuries of war fighting for national unity had a large cost. Spain was left with very little money. The King and Queen of Spain wanted to expand their empire and needed to find new sources of gold to pay for their armies. Columbus convinced Ferdinand and Isabella that he would find riches as well as people to convert to Catholicism. Columbus s goals of becoming rich and famous went hand in hand with the goals of the king and queen.

22 Complete in the GOLD section of your Flapbook Using pages Why was a countries supply of gold and silver an important part of European thinking during the Renaissance (3 factors)? Explain why Spain had a shortage of Gold by 1492.

23 Complete in the GOLD section of your Flapbook Using pages A countries gold supply was important because it allowed them to buy natural resources that they did not have. It allowed them to pay for battles against hostile forces in their own countries and protect their national boundaries. Lastly they could pay for wars and fund expeditions to take over territories. Spain had a shortage of gold because they had to pay for a war, by feeding and training soldiers, buying weapons, and building hospitals.

24 Two Voyages, The Same or Different? Look at the chart on page 209 how were the two voyages different?

25 Gaining Personal Wealth Spanish Nobles had two ways to support themselves, through war and by owning land. They fought for the King and Queen and were rewarded for their work. The Nobles owned land and took a share of the crops and cattle that the peasants produced. After the Reconquista there was not enough land to support all the nobles.

26 Gaining Personal Wealth There was a group of nobles called Hidalgos who never owned land. Because of their social class they were not willing to take manual labour jobs. Many turned to businesses or went to America to find fortune.

27 Taking a Risk for Glory Think Critically: What does this saying mean? The noblest spirit is most strongly attracted to the love of glory.

28 Taking a Risk for Glory: Glory Flap Not all people who took the risk to go to the Americas were looking for riches. Many people were looking to make a name for themselves. Cortez was one of these people.

29 The Knightly Ideal Glory Flap Stories of chivalry became popular during Spain war with the muslims. These stories told of how Knights were brave and how the sacrificed themselves for the rest of the soldiers, or overcame huge obstacles. Either way the soldier would receive fame or fortunes, inspiring many young youth. The code of chivalry contained the following components, Skill in battle, Loyalty, Fairness, Faith in God.

30 Code of Chivalry To fear God and maintain His Church To serve the liege lord in valour and faith To protect the weak and defenceless To give succour to widows and orphans To refrain from the deliberate unprovoked violence To live by honour and for glory To despise financial reward To fight for the welfare of all At all times to speak the truth To persevere to the end in any enterprise begun To respect the honour of women Never to refuse a challenge from an equal Never to turn the back upon a foe To obey those placed in authority To guard the honour of fellow knights To avoid unfairness, meanness and deceit To keep faith

31 Create Your Own Code of Chivalry Create your own code of chivalry for Canada s current society which includes the following: A list of 5 elements for your code and explain why you included each element. Remember that the code of chivalry usually includes aspects of loyalty, fairness, courage, special skills, obedience, humility. Compare with a partner and discuss and similarities and differences, consider why these differences and similarities exist.

32 Wealth for Spain: The Issues... Read the section in your text entitled Wealth for Spain on page 207 and 208. Create an chart to show the advantages and disadvantages of wealth. Advantages of wealth Disadvantages of wealth

33 Wealth for Spain: The Issues... Read the section in your text entitled Wealth for Spain on page 207 and 208. Create an chart to show the advantages and disadvantages of wealth. Advantages of wealth Disadvantages of wealth - Enables the construction of new buildings. - Enables a country to pay for services they need to improve the lives of its citizens - Enables a government to reduce taxes - May lead to a desire to get more gold, leading to more wars. - People may become lazy and less inventive because they feel a sense of entitlement.

34 Creating a Christian Spain Worldview Inquiry: In what ways did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella impose their religious worldview on society?

35 Imposing our Worldview What are some ways that we impose our worldview on others?

36 The Reconquista Think Critically... Define Reconquista. What was the Reconquista? Why was it significant?

37 The Reconquista Look at the map on page 199 What information can you gather from this timeline and map that you think is significant?

38 The Reconquista Look at the map on page 199 What information can you gather from this timeline and map that you think is significant? The Reconquista was a long process starting in about the year 1000 and by 1469 the only remaining part of Muslim Spain was Granada. It was capture on January 2nd, 1492 after 10 years of fighting.

39 The Reconquista Spain was one again an entirely Christian nation. The struggle to control Spain effect Isabella s and Ferdinand s rule in many ways. How do you think that these events would have effected their behaviour, actions, or attitudes?

40 The Spanish Inquisition: God Flap Read the paragraph on page 203 and answer the following questions: What was the first step that King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella took to unite Spain? What was the Spanish Inquisition? What choices were Muslims and Jewish people given? How does this show a worldview being forced on someone?

41 The Spanish Inquisition The first step that the monarch took to unite Spain was to take over the Spanish Inquisition. The Spanish Inquisition was a state or government run court system where church officials put believers of other religious beliefs on trial. Jewish and Muslims were given the choice to convert or be exciled

42 Impacts Of Removing Jewish and Muslim Citizens Forcing Jewish and Muslims to leave had many negative effects on Spain. Many of the Jewish, and Muslim people were a large part of the educated middle class. Working as bankers and business people. This loss of skills made it hard for Spain to grow their economy by the end of the 1400 s.

43 Expulsion in Canada Can You think of any groups if people who have been expelled from land in Canada? Do you think expulsion is ever justified?

44 Expulsion in Canada Can You think of any groups if people who have been expelled from land in Canada? First nations The Acadians Japanese Canadians

45 Ave Maris Stella We will read the poem on page 204 as a class. A we read think about the following questions: What emotions did the Acadians express about their expulsion in this poem? How does this song /poem help you to understand Acadian values and identity?

46 Saving Souls: Complete in the God Section of your flap book Read pages 205 and 206 and complete the following questions: What did Ferdinand and Isabella view as a threat to the unity of Catholicism? What belief held by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand became a part of the Spanish worldview? Why did the monarch eventually agree to Columbus s plan? How did the Spanish show they were dedicated to spreading the Catholic religion?

47 Saving Souls: God Flap As the Catholic Monarch were pushing all non-christians out of Spain they began to think about people in other countries. They knew that the Muslims were spreading throughout the Middle East and into Asia. This was viewed as a threat to the unity of Catholicism. The King and Queen began to believe that they had a religious duty to convert as many people as possible to the Catholic faith. This belief became an important part of the Spanish worldview. It is for this reason why the Monarchs decided to give Columbus a chance as he promised that there would be millions of people to convert. The explorers and conquistadors brought with them missionaries who were men and women from religious orders with the authority to teach and convert people to Catholicism

48 Four Corners Do you Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, or Strongly Disagree with the following statement: Ferdinand and Isabella s actions during the Spanish Requisition were justified. Go to the corner that best describes your response choose a team leader who will be your spokes person and explain who your group has chosen that response.

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