NAME DATE CLASS. DIRECTIONS: Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. 1. the diplomat who wrote The Prince in 1513

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1 Lesson Quiz 1 DIRECTIONS: Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. 1. the diplomat who wrote The Prince in 1513 A. diplomacy 2. being more interested in this world than in religion 3. the rich banking family from Florence 4. the period from about 1350 to 1550 in Europe that saw major developments in art, culture, architecture, learning, and science B. Medici C. Niccolò Machiavelli D. Renaissance E. secular 5. the art of negotiating or making deals with other countries DIRECTIONS: Multiple Choice Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 6. During the Renaissance, there was a rebirth of interest in A. art and learning. B. religion. C. military strategies. D. political freedom. 7. Because of Italy s long coastlines, Italian city-states became wealthy through A. farming. C. shipbuilding. B. fishing. D. trade. 8. Which of the following cities was most famous during the Renaissance? A. Florence C. Milan B. Genoa D. Rome 9. Europe s kings allowed the Italian city-states to remain independent so the kings could A. borrow money from them. C. pay tribute. B. hire mercenaries. D. use their ports. 10. Which person was an Italian writer who believed that because people were greedy and self-centered, keeping power by any means was the only way to rule? A. Kublai Khan C. Marco Polo B. Lorenzo de Medici D. Niccolò Machiavelli Discovering Our Past: A History of the World 187

2 Lesson Quiz 2 DIRECTIONS: Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. 1. the everyday language people speak in A. humanism a region B. Johannes Gutenberg 2. the belief that the individual and human society are important C. Leonardo da Vinci 3. developed the printing press 4. great English Renaissance playwright D. vernacular E. William Shakespeare 5. great Italian Renaissance scientist, inventor, and artist DIRECTIONS: Multiple Choice Indicate the answer choice that best answers the question. 6. What Renaissance invention aided the spread of ideas? A. the florin C. the helicopter B. the glider D. the printing press 7. Whom did Renaissance humanists study to increase their knowledge of different topics through reason? A. the Chinese and Indians B. the Japanese and English C. the Mayans and Incas D. the Romans and Greeks 8. What did Renaissance painters use to make their work look three-dimensional? A. chiaroscuro C. perspective B. fresco D. realism 9. Which famous Renaissance artist painted the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican in Rome? A. Dürer C. Shakespeare B. Michelangelo D. van Eyck 10. During the Northern Renaissance, the use of what type of painting was developed in Flanders? A. chiaroscuro C. oil B. fresco D. realism 188 Discovering Our Past: A History of the World

3 Lesson Quiz 3 DIRECTIONS: Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. 1. belief that God has already decided who will go to A. indulgence heaven and who will not B. John Calvin 2. the events that led to Protestantism C. Martin Luther 3. the young monk who challenged the Roman Catholic Church, eventually starting a new religion D. predestination 4. certificate that granted pardon for sins E. Reformation 5. spread the idea of Protestantism across Northern Europe DIRECTIONS: Multiple Choice Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 6. The first leader of the Christian humanism movement was A. Desiderius Erasmus. C. John Wycliffe. B. John Calvin. D. Martin Luther. 7. What reductions in punishment did the pope sell to get money to repair St. Peter s in Rome? A. amnesty C. indulgences B. church land D. passes to heaven 8. Whom did Calvinists believe should control the Church? A. bishop C. king B. congregation D. pope 9. In England, religious change began A. as a political quarrel between the king and the pope. B. before it began in Central Europe. C. separately but at the same time as in Germany. D. under Bloody Mary. 10. The Peace of Augsburg let Germany be divided into A. a Catholic west and a humanist east. B. a humanist north and a Protestant south. C. a Lutheran south and a Catholic north. D. a Protestant north and a Catholic south. Discovering Our Past: A History of the World 189

4 Lesson Quiz 4 DIRECTIONS: Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. 1. wealthy French Protestants who followed the A. Henry of Navarre teachings of John Calvin B. Huguenots 2. tried to end conflict between Catholics and Protestants after becoming king of France C. seminary 3. a special school for training and educating priests D. Spanish Inquisition 4. religious court that tried and punished people for heresy DIRECTIONS: Multiple Choice Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 5. Who were known as the pope s agents in Europe? A. Heresy Guard C. Loyalists B. Jesuits D. Spanish Inquisition 6. Name the war that is considered to be the most destructive conflict of the Reformation era. A. Holy War C. Protestant Catholic War B. Huguenot War D. Thirty Years War 7. Which woman ruled France until her son Charles was old enough to rule? A. Catherine de Medici C. Isabella B. Elizabeth I D. Mary I 8. When Spain tried to invade England in 1588, English ships and a storm stopped the A. El Greco. C. Spanish Armada. B. Reformation. D. Spanish Inquisition. 9. The Edict of Nantes said that A. Catholicism was the official religion of France. B. Catholicism was the official religion of France; however, French Protestants could also worship freely. C. France had no official religion. D. Protestantism was the official religion in France. 190 Discovering Our Past: A History of the World

5 Chapter Test, Traditional DIRECTIONS: True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. During the Renaissance, people became less secular. 2. Catholicism was never very popular in Spain. 3. Diplomacy is the art of making peaceful agreements with other countries. 4. Gutenberg s moveable type printing press helped spread humanist ideas. 5. The goal of the Reformation was to reform the Catholic Church. DIRECTIONS: Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. 6. leading Renaissance city connected by canals A. heresy 7. preacher who believed in Church members choosing the clergy 8. beliefs that oppose Church teaching 9. everyday languages Renaissance writers began using in order to help spread their ideas B. John Calvin C. Martin Luther D. Venice E. vernacular 10. German monk who questioned the authority of the Church; founder of Protestantism Discovering Our Past: A History of the World 191

6 Chapter Test, Traditional cont. DIRECTIONS: Multiple Choice Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. [It is] the custom of pedagogues [teachers] to be eternally thundering in their pupil s ears... whilst the business of the pupil is only to repeat what the others have said: now I would have a tutor to correct this error.... [He should allow] his pupil himself to taste things, and... choose them, sometimes opening the way to him, and sometimes leaving him to open it for himself; that is, I would not have him [the teacher] alone... speak, but that he should also hear his pupil speak in turn. Michel de Montaigne, Of the Education of Children 11. According to Montaigne, what have students usually been expected to do? A. read lots of books B. repeat what their teachers say C. state their own opinions D. think about the world 12. According to the passage, Montaigne believes that teachers should A. lecture all the time. B. listen to their students. C. make students memorize poems. D. tell their students what to do. 13. According to the passage, Montaigne believes that students learn best by A. following their interests. B. home schooling. C. reading and taking notes. D. taking tests. 14. Which was a German artist known for his engravings? A. Albrecht Dürer B. Jan van Eyck C. Leonardo da Vinci D. Raphael 192 Discovering Our Past: A History of the World

7 Chapter Test, Traditional cont. 15. Which Renaissance figure was an artist, scientist, and inventor? A. Albrecht Dürer C. Leonardo da Vinci B. Johannes Gutenberg D. Martin Luther 16. According to the humanist Desiderius Erasmus, what should people use to become better Christians? A. education C. pride B. prayer D. reason 17. How did Calvinism affect society? A. People believed God s law was the only law and disobeyed local laws. B. People believed that their leaders were chosen by God. C. People turned away from God and the Church. D. People worked hard and behaved well. 18. How did the Mongol conquests affect the Italian economy? A. The Mongols demanded tribute from the Italian states, who refused, choosing instead to fight a costly war with the Mongols. B. The Mongols destroyed trade in Italy, devastating the Italian economy. C. The Mongols introduced Italian traders to Arab merchants, increasing European exports and enriching the merchants of Venice. D. The Mongols unified much of Asia into one trade network, lowering prices and creating a demand for goods in Europe. 19. The term Machiavellian means that a person is A. diplomatic. C. hard working. B. fair and honest. D. willing to do whatever it takes to succeed. 20. Bankers from Florence set up a system to A. determine land value. B. decide the value of currency. C. predict the price of commodities. D. tax merchants to build wealth. Discovering Our Past: A History of the World 193

8 Chapter Test, Traditional cont. DIRECTIONS: Short Answer Answer each of the following questions. Since your most serene majesty and your high mightinesses require of me a simple, clear and direct answer, I will give one, and it is this: I can not submit my faith either to the pope or to the council, because it is as clear as noonday that they have fallen into error and even into glaring inconsistency with themselves. If, then, I am not convinced by proof from Holy Scripture, or by cogent reasons, if I am not satisfied by the very text I have cited, and if my judgment is not in this way brought into subjection to God s word, I neither can nor will retract [take back] anything; for it can not be right for a Christian to speak against his country. I stand here and can say no more. Martin Luther, speech before the Diet of Worms 21. According to the passage, why doesn t Luther believe in the pope or councils? 22. According to the passage, why is Luther unwilling to revoke anything? 23. List two reasons why geography helped Italian trade flourish, or succeed. 24. What effect did the English defeat of the Spanish Armada have on England s reputation? DIRECTIONS: Essay Answer the following question on a separate piece of paper. 25. Define humanism. Explain its roots and how it spread in Europe during the Renaissance, as well as its effect on Renaissance life. 194 Discovering Our Past: A History of the World

9 Chapter Test, Document-Based Questions DIRECTIONS: Multiple Choice Indicate the answer choice that best answers the question. [Shakespeare] was thirty before he undertook the completion of his first tragedy, more or less properly so called, Romeo and Juliet, in Perhaps this ambitious work was his first play designed for the Lord Chamberlain s Men; as probably his next tragedy five years later, Julius Caesar, was designed for the opening of the Globe. They would have been substantial incentives [things that motivate], the formation of the company, the erection of the new theatre. In the interim [time between] he made many more comedies and histories. It is reasonable to enquire [ask] what happened to the man who during 1599 and 1600 probably wrote Henry V, Julius Caesar, As You Like It, Twelfth Night, who in 1601 wrote Hamlet and followed it during the next five years with...othello, with King Lear, with Macbeth. John Berryman, Berryman s Shakespeare: Essays, Letters, and Other Writings 1. What were Shakespeare s incentives for writing Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar? A. to support a new company and a new theater B. to attract rising young actors and draw in larger audiences C. to join the Academy of Arts and Sciences and win a literary prize D. to win the favor of the king and queen and become a noble [Th]hose preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by the pope s indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved;... If it is at all possible to grant to any one the remission [forgiveness or release from] of all penalties whatsoever, it is certain that this remission can be granted only to the most perfect, that is, to the very fewest.... It must needs be, therefore, that the greater part of the people are deceived by that indiscriminate [random] and highsounding promise of release from penalty. Martin Luther, 95 Theses 2. According to Luther, why are preachers of indulgences in error? A. They promote the idea that people can be saved by faith alone. B. They teach that indulgences can free people of punishment for their sins. C. They proclaim that the Church is the only guide to salvation. D. They teach that indulgences can make people perfect. Discovering Our Past: A History of the World 195

NAME DATE CLASS Chapter Test, Document-Based Questions cont.

Naples Sardinia W E S M e d i t e r r a n e a n Sicily S e 0 a 200 miles 200 km 0 Lambert

Which city at the mouth of the Adriatic Sea used its geographical position to become a major

10 NAME DATE CLASS Chapter Test, Document-Based Questions cont. DIRECTIONS: Short Answer Answer each of the following questions on a separate piece of paper. Italy c A P L Milan S Mantua Venice Genoa d Corsica A Florence Pisa Siena r ia Rome ti c S e a Naples Sardinia W E S M e d i t e r r a n e a n Sicily S e 0 a 200 miles 200 km 0 Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection 3. Which city at the mouth of the Adriatic Sea used its geographical position to become a major center of trade? 4. What is the southernmost city shown in the map? DIRECTIONS: Essay Answer the following question on a separate piece of paper. 5. Why did city-states rise and stay in power in Italy during the Renaissance? 196 Discovering Our Past: A History of the World Ty r r h e n i a n Sea N

The Renaissance and Reformation

The Renaissance and Reformation What was the Renaissance? Renaissance = Rebirth 1350-1550 in European history was a rebirth in art and learning Subjects the Greeks and Romans studied Why Italy? Center