that is associated with 19th century reforms

Transcription

1 1) Create a bubble map on the reform movements that you learned about in your DBQs from Friday 2) Include people, events, changes or anything that is associated with 19th century reforms

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3 Chapter 8

4 I. NINETEENTH CENTURY A. 1800s II. ABOLISH A. eliminate; get rid of III. IV. INJUSTICE A. unfairness; inequality REFORMER A. someone who changes something by correcting faults and removing abuses

5 I. In the early 19 th century the United States experienced a period of great reform A. Reform à change in society for the better II. Reformers saw the effectiveness of workplace reforms and wanted them throughout society III. Reforms swept across the nation and greatly impact American life.

6 I. Reforms emerged as responses to the rapid changes in American Society A. Industrialization, urbanization and immigration II. Reforms began alongside the religious revival movement known as the Second Great Awakening III. Transcendentalism convinced many Americans to disobey unjust laws and led to social reforms

7 I. RELIGIOUS REVIVAL THAT SWEPT ACROSS THE U.S. IN THE 18 TH CENTURY A. REVIVAL AN EMOTIONAL MEETING DESIGNED TO AWAKEN RELIGIOUS FATIH THROUGH PREAHING AND PRAYER II. III. IV. Charles Finney was the most FAMOUS REVIVAL PREACHER IN THE 2 nd Great Awakening The 2 nd Great Awakening encouraged Americans to return to Christian churches and apply Christian values to their daily lives à make reforms The 2 nd Great Awakening drove the majority of the political & social reforms of the 19 th Century

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10 I. People can transcend, rise above a material life and reach higher level of intellect II. Led by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau A. Truth found in nature, simple life B. Civil Disobedience: not following laws you believe are wrong III. Living a simple life and civil disobedience encouraged Americans to seek reforms throughout society

11 Results and Effects 2 nd Great Awakening & Transcendentalism Led to moral and social reforms Temperance Education Women s Rights Asylum & Penal Reform Abolitionism

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13 I. Treatment of the mentally ill II. Temperance movement III. Abolition of slavery IV. Women s rights V. Education

14 Leader: Dorothea Dix GOAL: better treatment of persons with mental illnesses REASON: the mentally ill were badly treated

15 I. In the early 1800s the mentally ill were often locked up in jails with murderers and thieves. II. Mentally ill were put in chains, kept in cages and closets, and beaten with rods III. Dorothea Dix and other reformers worked to change Americans ways of thinking about these institutions and their inmates. IV. Dix made it her life s work to educate the public as to the poor conditions for both the mentally ill and prisoners.

16 ß Dorothea Dix Hospital, Raleigh, NC

17 I. As a result of Dix s work, states passed laws to build mental hospitals where mental illness could be treated as a disease rather than a crime. II. By 1860, she had persuaded 28 states to open hospitals for persons with mental illness.

18 I. Prison inmates were subjected to cruel punishment and children were not treated any different than adults II. She is responsible for helping ending cruel punishment and getting states to establish juvenile court systems III. She argues that people can change if they are placed in proper environments and given an education

19 Leader: American Temperance Union and religious leaders GOAL: to eliminate alcohol abuse REASON: alcohol led to crime, poverty, abuse of family

20 I. Religious leaders stood at the forefront of the war against alcohol. II. Alcohol abuse was widespread & caused many societal problems III. Temperance societies were created to address the growing problem with alcohol abuse in the USA IV. Reformers blamed alcohol for: A. Poverty à no money B. Abuse à men beating wives & children C. Crimeà men get drunk and steal & murder

21 I. Reformers began a campaign against excessive drinking. II. The campaign was known as the temperance movement. A. The American Temperance Society was formed in B. Some groups took a moderate approach and asked people to drink less alcohol. C. Other groups insisted that the sale of alcohol be banned altogether!

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23 The Drunkard s Progress From the first glass to the grave, 1846

24 I. During the next decade approximately 5000 local temperance societies were founded II. As the movement gained momentum, annual per capita consumption of alcohol dropped sharply

25 I. Temperance societies won support for their cause. II. State lawmakers took the reformers message to heart. A. Several states passed prohibition laws B. Prohibition à complete ban on the sale of alcohol III. Temperance societies successfully encouraged people to drink less

26 1 Explain the three causes of the reform movements of the 19 th century: 2 What is Transcendentalism? What are the two main concepts associated with Transcendentalism? 3 What are the five reform movements of the 19 th Century? 4 Who led the reform movement on the treatment of the mentally ill? Why did she do it? What changed as a result of her? 5 What is the goal of the Temperance movement? Who was the leader of the Temperance movement? What changed as a result of the Temperance movement (2 things)