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1 Enlightenment and Catholicism in Europe

2

3 Enlightenment and Catholicism in Europe A Transnational History R edited by Jeffrey D. Burson and Ulrich L. Lehner University of Notre Dame Press Notre Dame, Indiana

4 Copyright 2014 by University of Notre Dame Press Notre Dame, Indiana All Rights Reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Chapter 19 is an abridged and revised version of Mark Goldie, Alexander Geddes at the Limits of the Catholic Enlightenment, Historical Journal 53, no. 1 (2010): Cambridge University Press, reproduced with permission. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Enlightenment and Catholicism in Europe : a transnational history / edited by Jeffrey D. Burson and Ulrich L. Lehner. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Catholic Church Europe History 18th century. 2. Enlightenment Europe. 3. Europe Church history 18th century. 4. Europe Intellectual life 18th century. I. Burson, Jeffrey D., editor of compilation. BX1361.E ' dc The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources.

5 The editors of this volume wish to dedicate it to Emmet Kennedy, Dale K. Van Kley, and David Sorkin. Eminent among eighteenth-century scholars of their generation. Generous and cherished mentors to us and to so many.

6

7 Contents Introduction: Catholicism and Enlightenment, 1 Past, Present, and Future Jeffrey D. Burson Part 1 Catholic Enlightenment and the Papacy 1 Pope Benedict XIV ( ): The Ambivalent 41 Enlightener Mario Rosa Part 2 Catholicism and the Siècle des Lumières in France and Savoy 2 Nicolas-Sylvestre Bergier ( ): An Enlightened 63 Anti-Philosophe Jeffrey D. Burson 3 Giacinto Sigismondo Cardinal Gerdil ( ): 89 Enlightenment as Cultural and Religious Achievement Dries Vanysacker 4 Adrien Lamourette ( ): The Unconventional 107 Revolutionary and Reformer Caroline Chopelin-Blanc

8 viii Contents 5 Joseph de Maistre ( ): Heir of the Enlightenment, 125 Enemy of Revolutions, and Spiritual Progressivist Carolina Armenteros 6 Hugues-Félicité Robert de Lamennais ( ): 145 Lost Sheep of the Religious Enlightenment Carolina Armenteros Part 3 Catholic Enlightenment in the Holy Roman Empire 7 Benedict Stattler ( ): The Reinvention of 167 Catholic Theology with the Help of Wolffian Metaphysics Ulrich L. Lehner 8 Beda Mayr ( ): Ecumenism and Dialogue with 191 Modern Thought Ulrich L. Lehner Part 4 Catholicism, Enlightenment, and Habsburg Europe 9 Franz Stephan Rautenstrauch ( ): Church 209 Reform for the Sake of the State Thomas Wallnig 10 Johann Pezzl ( ): Enlightenment in the 227 Satirical Mode Ritchie Robertson Part 5 Varieties of Italian Catholic Enlightenment 11 Lodovico Antonio Muratori ( ): Enlightenment 249 in a Tridentine Mode Paola Vismara

9 Contents ix 12 Antonio Genovesi ( ): Reform through 269 Commerce and Renewed Natural Law Niccolò Guasti 13 Maria Gaetana Agnesi ( ): Science and Mysticism 289 Massimo Mazzotti Part 6 Catholicism, Enlightenment, and the Iberian States 14 Benito Jerónimo Feijoo y Montenegro ( ): 309 Benedictine and Skeptic Enlightener Francisco Sánchez-Blanco 15 Josep Climent i Avinent ( ): Enlightened 327 Catholic, Civic Humanist, Seditionist Andrea J. Smidt Part 7 Transnational Trajectories: The Intersection of Irish, French, Italian, and Habsburg Developments 16 Ruggiero Boscovich ( ): Jesuit Science in an 353 Enlightenment Context Jonathan A. Wright 17 Luke Joseph Hooke ( ): Theological Tolerance 371 in an Apologetic Mold Thomas O Connor Part 8 Catholicism in Protestant Territorial-Dynastic States: Scottish and English Enlightenment Variations 18 Andrew Michael Ramsay ( ): Catholic 391 Freethinking and Enlightened Mysticism Gabriel Glickman

10 x Contents 19 Alexander Geddes ( ): Biblical Criticism, 411 Ecclesiastical Democracy, and Jacobinism Mark Goldie Part 9 The Polish Catholic Enlightenment 20 Stanisław Konarski ( ): A Polish Machiavelli? 433 Jerzy Lukowski 21 Hugo Kołłątaj ( ): The Revolutionary Priest 455 Anna Łysiak-Ła t kowska List of Contributors 473 Index of Names 475

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