Ch 13 THE RESURGENCE OF EUROPE: RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION --from handout
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1 Ch 13 THE RESURGENCE OF EUROPE: RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION --from handout
2 I. The Commercial Revolution A. Towns & the Middle Class 1. Growing population 2. Increase in trade = more power to middle class (merchants, traders, artisans)
3 B. Importance of Guilds 1. Increased quality of life 2. =Middle Class growing
4 C. Rise of Capitalism* 1. Due to decline of feudalism 2. =when demand for product rises, prices rise=profit to traders 3. =the Commercial Revolution*
5 D. New Business Practices 1. Partnerships & Joint Stock Companies a. Pooled investor $ b. =worldwide trade & profit
6 2. Banking a. Bills of exchange (deposits) 3. Insurance a. Helped reduce business risk so more people would invest
7 E. Social Changes 1. Use of $=less feudalism 2. More $ economy, less barter
8 II. THE RENAISSANCE* & HUMANISM A AD=a rebirth 1. Golden age in art, lit, science 2. Centered in Italy & spread North 3. Shift away from agricultural domination to urban society
9 Why ITALY? Marco Polo= more trade in Italy= $ = extra $ = paying artists, sculptors, writers
10 B. New Ways of Thinking 1. Humanism*=in the here & now, emphasized individual achievements 2. Revival of Greco- Roman learning
11 C. Artistic Achievements 1. Architecture: revived Greco/Roman styles for columns, arches, domes
12 2. Art: humanist, religious, realistic, perspective (3D)
13 Perspective Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective! The Trinity Masaccio 1427 What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.
14
15
16 3. Michelangelo*: sculptor, engineer, poet, painter, architect
17 a. Sistine Chapel
18
19
20 b. Pieta
21 c. David
22 Michelangelo Dome of St. Peters Cathedral in Rome: Served as model for many political structures, including the Capital Building in Washington DC
23 4. Leonardo DaVinci*: painter, anatomy, drawings.
24 a. Mona Lisa
25 Mona Lisa da Vinci, 1503
26
27 Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??
28 b. The Last Supper
29 vertical The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498 horizontal Perspective!
30 The Last Supper s Geometry - da Vinci, 1498
31 A Da Vinci Code : St. John or Mary Magdalene?
32 Geometrical Arrangement of Figures The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate Leonardo da Vinci 1469
33 Leonardo, the Artist: From his Notebooks of over 5000 pages ( )
34 c. Drawings/sketches
35 Leonardo, the Inventor: Pages from his Notebook
36 D. Literary Achievement: writing now is everyday language (=vernacular) 1. Dante: the Divine Comedy
37 Dante s levels of Hell
38 2. Cervantes: Don Quixote
39 3. Shakespeare: human life events a. Romeo & Juliet, MacBeth
40 4. Machiavelli*: The Prince a. Use whatever means possible to secure, attain power b. =the Ends(Outcome) Justifies the Means (method)
41 E. Impact of the Printing Press 1. Bible by Johann Gutenberg* in 1456 a. Used moveable type to press ink onto paper
42 b. Results: i. More books available ii.=cheaper books iii. Literacy increased iv. Ideas spread rapidly v. People started asking WHY =QUESTIONING
43
44
45 A. Causes of the Reformation: 1. The Renaissance=questioning Church 2. Strong Monarchs=kings increased power at expense of Church
46 3. Problems in the Church: = corruption, greed of clergy, indulgences*(pardon for sins on earth & free pass into heaven for $) 4. Printing Press
47 B. Protestant Reformers 1. Martin Luther*: German monk upset with sale of indulgences
48 a. 95Theses*-posted by Luther on door of Wittenberg Church in Germany =Protestant Reformation*
49 b. He believed faith, living a good life keys to heaven, Bible as guide to life, no indulgences, people reading/interpreting Bible themselves c.=luther excommunicated d. His ideas spread w/ printing press e. His followers=lutherans
50 f. Luther s Radical New Beliefs: i. no pope ii.priests to be called MINISTERS & could get married iii. translated Bible into German iv. no sale of indulgences v. Living a good life as the way to get to heaven
51 Black cross: We are saved from sin because Jesus died on the cross. Red Heart: We live because Jesus shed His blood for us. Our faith in Him has saved us. White Rose: Our faith gives us joy, comfort, and peace. White is to remind us this is peace like the angels enjoy. Blue Background: Reminds us that we will meet Jesus in heaven. Gold Circle: Gold is precious; it reminds us of heaven's endless joys. A circle is an endless shape.
52 Notice how much plainer this church is than previous Catholic churches? =Lutheranism
53 95 Theses Rap
54 2. John Calvin: priest a. Believed in Predestination* b. Calvinism: strict adherence to Bible, frugal (thrifty), disciplined life = ancestors of Pilgrims & Puritans
55 C. The (Catholic) Counter- Reformation* 1. Why? a. Stop the spread of Protestantism b. Stop loss of tithe $
56 2. The Council of Trent 1545 a. Reaffirmed traditional Catholicism b. Tried to end Church abuses c. Set up schools for clergy
57 3. Effects of the Reformation a. Formation of Protestant Churches b. Religious & Political Divisions in Europe c. Religious Conflicts: Catholic v. Protestant
58 A Religiously Divided Europe
59 d. Anti-Semitism Jews put in ghettos e. Witch Hunts mostly women
60 ME Mind Map now you need 7 more or 10 totals Church Power Decreased PRINTING PRESS
61
62
63 A. Explosion of Protestant Sects 1. Influences of Luther, Calvin 2. Anabaptists a. Today s influence on Baptists, Mennonites, Amish
64 B. The English Reformation 1. King Henry VIII* Seeks An Annulment a. Wanted annulment from wife due to only having a daughter with her: Mary Tudor* Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon
65 b. Henry fell in love w/ Anne Boleyn c. Wanted more power, $, and a son d. But Pope refused to annul the marriage
66 2. Breaking With The Church a. Henry took over control of Church of England b. He appointed Thomas Cranmer as new archbishop =Cranmer annulled the marriage Archbishop Cranmer
67 c. Henry married Anne Boleyn (executed 3 years later) 1. Their daughter Elizabeth*
68 d. Act of Supremacy=English ruler to be head of English church=anglican Church
69 3. Strengthening the Church of England a. Henry closed many convents & monasteries, kept their land =$ b. Anglican Church kept many Catholic customs
70 Wives of Henry VIII = 6 total
71 Wives of Henry VIII-song
72 4. Religious Turmoil a. Death of Henry VIII b. =his son Edward VI took throne, only 9 yrs. old & sickly 1. Protestant advisors =Protestant reforms 2. Died young =age 18 yrs. Edward VI
73 c. =Queen Mary (from 1st marriage)=catholic 1. Returned England to Catholicism 2. Bloody Mary 3. Died childless at age 38 Mary Tudor Very Catholic Put thousands of Protestants to death
74 d.=queen Elizabeth I, ruled for 52yrs (Anne s daughter) = Protestant
75 5. Elizabethan Settlement a. Enacted compromise between Catholics & Protestants =unity & stability =England s Golden Age
76 The Tudor Rose Henry VIII- Catholic, then Protestant Edward VI - Protestant Elizabeth I - Protestant Mary I - Catholic The TUDORS
77 ME Mind Map now you need 7 more or 10 totals Church Power Decreased PRINTING PRESS
78
79 Catholic Report with Bob Hale
80 Pg. 434
81 A. Changing Views of the Universe 1. Classical Ideas: a. Earth=center of the universe 2. New: Heliocentric view = sun-centered by Copernicus
82 B. Galileo s* Heresies 1. His telescope: a. Observed moons of Jupiter
83 b. Galileo realized the sun is the center of our solar system
84 2. Church challenged him/his findings =put on trial during Inquisition for heresy 3. Forced to say Earth center of universe
85 C. Bacon &Descartes: Revolutionary Thinkers 1. Both wanted to understand how truth is determined 2. Long process of investigation required for truth =Scientific Method* Francis Bacon Rene Descartes
86 Scientific Method
87 Bacon* Descartes* -English -French -stressed experiment -stressed human & observation reasoning -wanted to create - I think, useful tools therefore I am The Thinker
88 D. Isaac Newton 1. Gravity 2. Math & Science to explain universe a. Calculus =HUMANIST 3. Decline of power of Church
89 Renaissance Reportwith Bob Hale AQ&feature=youtube_gdata_player
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