A history of cultural exchange

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "A history of cultural exchange"

Transcription

1 Syncretism Syncretism is the blending of cultures and ideas from different places. We'll look at a few examples of this phenomenon that happened during the classical period. Google Classroom Facebook Twitter A history of cultural exchange In what is now Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia, there sits an ancient Christian cemetery, its gravestones marked with Nestorian crosses: a cross overlaid on a lotus blossom. The epitaph on one reads, "This is the grave of Jeremiah, the believer." The gravestone gives the year of Jeremiah's death, but then it also says, "the year of the sheep", referencing the twelve-animal cycle of the Chinese Zodiac. A reproduction of a stone tablet found in a Christian monastery in 13thcentury Beijing. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons 1/11

2 Faiths, cultures, and customs bounce off of and combine with one another in a process called syncretism. We're going to discuss this notion by trying to answer the question: Why is there a Christian gravestone in Central Asia with the Chinese Zodiac year on it? Silk, spices, and diseases weren't the only things carried along the Silk Road; nomadic merchants carried philosophies and faiths, too. Buddhism and Christianity traveled along trade routes as surely as lapis, pepper, and plague; they changed and adapted the cultures they encountered. As a Daoist might say, however, just as water changes its shape to fit the vessel, so too do faiths and ideologies change to fit the shapes and contexts of the cultures that adopt them. Trade networks and expansion of classical empires As the Eurasian empires of antiquity expanded, so did their trade routes and networks of communication. Some empires even grew so big that they bordered one another; for example, Alexander of Macedon s Greek empire reached as far as India, which resulted in the development of Greco- Buddhism. The growth of classical empires meant that exchanges of cultures and ideas became possible and more common. Christianity Early Christians managed to turn Roman infrastructure to their advantage: missionaries and preachers made use of Roman roads and Rome s expansive imperial trade network to spread their message beyond the Mediterranean region. By the eleventh century CE, fully one-third of the world's Christians lived in Asia. 2/11

3 10/23/2017 Syncretism (article) Khan Academy Ancient Roman road near Tall Aqibrin in Syria. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons The Church of the East did not use Greek or Latin in its liturgy, but instead rendered the Gospels in Syriac, a Semitic language closely related to Aramaic. Many of these Syriac-speaking Christians were Nestorians, a branch of Christianity branded as heresy out of line with accepted teachings by both the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches. Nestorians held that Jesus Christ was composed of distinct human and divine natures. Even before the Council of Ephesus in 431 CE, when Nestorianism was deemed heretical, Christians in Asia and Asia Minor drew religious inspiration from the other faiths that surrounded them. For example, early Christian ascetics were influenced by the self-denying practices of Jewish, Hindu, and Buddhist mystics; some spent many years in seclusion. One such Christian mystic, St. Simeon Stylites, spent 37 years living by himself atop a pillar in Syria. There were major Nestorian centers from Jerusalem to Beijing and Xi'an, and bishoprics (areas controlled by bishops) were scattered along the Silk Road like beads in a strand. Timothy I, a Patriarch of the Church of the East, oversaw the establishment of a church center in Tibet. 3/11

4 Church of the East in the Middle Ages. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons In 781 CE, just as Timothy began his leadership of the Church of the East, Chinese Nestorians in Chang'an, imperial capital of the Tang Empire, put up a nine-foot-tall limestone monument called the Nestorian Stele; it celebrated 150 years of Christianity in China. The monument describes Christ in Buddhist language: "[Christ] fixed the extent of the Eight Boundaries [the Eight Consciousnesses of Mahayana Buddhism], thus completing the truth and freeing it from dross [worthlessness]; he opened the gate of the three constant principles [impermanence, suffering, and nonself], introducing life and destroying death." 4/11

5 5/11

6 A rubbing of the Nestorian Stele. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons Question: What does the Nestorian Stele tell us about Christianity in a Chinese context? When studying Christianity in Central Asia, why might it be useful to talk about Christianity in Buddhist terms? Buddhism In India, many members of the merchant caste were practicing Buddhists. They talked to people as they traveled and traded. In this way, Buddhism spread along the Silk Road to Iran, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and China. As Buddhism spread, the people who adopted the religion did so within the context of their own cultures. For example, Mahayana Buddhism was much more popular in China than it was in India, where Buddhist monks engaged in stricter, more ascetic practices and placed a higher value on meditation. A lifetime of meditation practice was difficult for an ordinary person to achieve. Mahayana, literally meaning the great vehicle, was a more accessible form of Buddhism in which people could engage in acts of devotion such as paying for religious verses in order to attain salvation. This more approachable version of the religion offered by missionaries and merchants allowed Buddhism to gain a greater foothold in places like China. Its universal message about attaining salvation was appealing to people and was easy for diverse cultures to adopt. Furthermore, Mayahana Buddhism made allowances for incorporating existing cultures and practices into its philosophy. In Mongolia and Tibet, Mayahana Buddhism shifted to allow for cultural beliefs surrounding magic; for example, in Tibet, Mayahana Buddhists taught that it was possible to attain enlightenment through rituals and incantation. Buddhism took on entirely new forms based on the diverse contexts of the cultures it reached. 6/11

7 The Tang Dynasty, through the strength of its military, imposed peace and order over Central Asia, making it safe enough for traveling scholars and missionaries to accompany trading parties across the deserts and steppes. Its domain extended from the East China Sea all the way to Kashgar, near the border of present-day Kyrgyzstan. Buddhist monks traveled west along the Silk Road in efforts to study Buddhist doctrine in India. A seventh-century Buddhist scholar, Xuanzang, wrote in his Great Tang Records of the Western Regions of the Great Buddhas of Bamiyan: Immense stone Buddhas carved into cliffs. Buddhism was well-entrenched in this part of Central Asia the statues, each over 120 feet in height, flanked the valley. These statues remained in Bamiyan until 2001, when the Afghan Taliban ordered them destroyed. 7/11

8 10/23/2017 Syncretism (article) Khan Academy A 1977 photo of one of the Bamiyan Buddhas, showing its Greek dress and sculpture style, as well as damage from previous conquerors of Bamiyan. Image credit: Wikimedia Merging of political and religious authority Christianity 8/11

9 Constantine I, a fourth-century Roman Emperor, made it legal for Christians to practice their faith openly after reportedly having a religious vision. By the late fourth century, emperor Theodosius had established Christianity as the official religion of Imperial Rome. Christians were able to hold positions of power in government, which granted the religion more legitimacy and followers. During this time, conversions increased in Spain, Italy, north Africa, and the eastern Mediterranean area. This change also brought a more established infrastructure to the Christian church within the empire: five bishops and patriarchs held power in five major cities, while bishops in smaller areas had control over dioceses, or districts. Stricter channels of power led to a tightening on the official religious doctrines. Leaders met to discuss the issue of Jesus nature whether he was mainly human, mainly divine, or both at the same time at the councils of Nicaea and Chalcedon in 325 and 451 CE, respectively. At Chalcedon, leaders stated that Jesus had two completely separate natures: one divine, and one human, but that he was both of these at the same time. While this decision ran contrary to the beliefs of Nestorians, Copts, and other Christian groups, a uniform set of beliefs furthered Christianity s spread in the Roman empire and beyond. Roman rulers began to lose control over the empire in the late 300s CE and the western Roman empire fell completely by 476. However, the infrastructure of the Christian church survived, paving the way for greater expansion and religious control in Europe. The pope, the bishop of Rome, became the key figure of religious leadership; bishops organized governments at the local level and spearheaded missionary ventures to the Germanic region. A popular form of Christianity among Germanic peoples, Arianism, spread into the empire with Arian missionaries. Followers of this Christian sect believed that God the Son, Jesus, was not coeternal with God the Father. This belief was deemed heresy at the First Council of Nicaea, but it still enjoyed a large following. 9/11

10 Question: How was the expansion of the Christian church affected by the collapse of the Roman empire and the formation of a system of Christian authority? Buddhism The Maurya emperor Ashoka converted to Buddhism possibly as a means of uniting his citizens around a common religion. He also sponsored and sent missionaries to a variety of locations. The first missionaries arrived in Sri Lanka in 250 BCE, and Ashoka also sent missionaries to central Asia and the Middle East. From Sri Lanka, Buddhism spread to Burma, Java, and elsewhere in Southeast Asia. From central Asia, it eventually spread to East Asia and Tibet. These missionaries acted as official spokespeople for the royal government; as a result, they had access to the rulers in the cities they visited. Buddhist religion was able to spread quickly and efficiently as more kings adopted Buddhism in their own regions. Question: How did governments use Buddhism to strengthen their legitimacy when interacting with new cultures? Other contexts Syncretism of cultures and traditions developed in many different contexts during the classical period: Hinduism is a highly syncretic religion that developed and spread through diverse parts of the Indian subcontinent; Mesopotamian culture and legal codes influenced Judaism and the Hebrew Scriptures; and Greek culture influenced Judaism as Alexander of Macedon s empire spread east. So let's go back to that Nestorian gravestone in Central Asia. 10/11

11 Do you have a better sense now of why the grave would give both a western calendar year and a Chinese Zodiac year? Do you see how Silk Road communities sandwiched between two empires and financially dependent on the shipping of goods from one great power to another might end up transporting more than bolts of silk? Question: Based on the examples of syncretism in the article, why do you think the Nestorian graves had Chinese Zodiac symbols on them? Question: What examples of religious or cultural syncretism can you think of in your life today? [Notes and attributions] 11/11

Cross-Cultural Exchange on the Silk Roads

Cross-Cultural Exchange on the Silk Roads Cross-Cultural Exchange on the Silk Roads Trade Networks Develop Long-distance travel increases in Classical Age Better roads, large empires that reduced risk Sea lanes 1. Indian Ocean trade Discovery

More information

Chapter 12. Cross-Cultural Exchanges on the Silk Roads. 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 12. Cross-Cultural Exchanges on the Silk Roads. 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 12 Cross-Cultural Exchanges on the Silk Roads 1 Long-Distance Travel in the Ancient World n Lack of police enforcement outside of established settlements n Changed in classical period q Improvement

More information

Key Concept 2.1. Define DIASPORIC COMMUNITY.

Key Concept 2.1. Define DIASPORIC COMMUNITY. Key Concept 2.1 As states and empires increased in size and contacts between regions intensified, human communities transformed their religious and ideological beliefs and practices. I. Codifications and

More information

PACKET C. New Religions Emerge and Spread. 6 Topic Workshop #16. Module

PACKET C. New Religions Emerge and Spread. 6 Topic Workshop #16. Module PACKET C Module 6 Topic Workshop #16 New Religions Emerge and Spread PERIOD 2 KEY CONCEPT 2.1 The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions KEY CONCEPT 2.1 As states and empires

More information

2. Which of the following luxury goods came to symbolize the Eurasian exchange system? a. Silk b. Porcelain c. Slaves d. Nutmeg

2. Which of the following luxury goods came to symbolize the Eurasian exchange system? a. Silk b. Porcelain c. Slaves d. Nutmeg 1. Which of the following was a consequence of the exchange of diseases along the Silk Roads? a. Europeans developed some degree of immunity to Eurasian diseases. b. The Christian church in the Byzantine

More information

Hinduism. Hinduism is a religion as well as a social system (the caste system).

Hinduism. Hinduism is a religion as well as a social system (the caste system). Hinduism Practiced by the various cultures of the Indian subcontinent since 1500 BCE. Began in India with the Aryan invaders. Believe in one supreme force called Brahma, the creator, who is in all things.

More information

The main branches of Buddhism

The main branches of Buddhism The main branches of Buddhism Share Tweet Email Enlarge this image. Stele of the Buddha Maitreya, 687 C.E., China; Tang dynasty (618 906). Limestone. Courtesy of the Asian Art Museum, The Avery Brundage

More information

AIM: How does Buddhism influence the lives of its followers? DO NOW: How did The Buddha achieve enlightenment?

AIM: How does Buddhism influence the lives of its followers? DO NOW: How did The Buddha achieve enlightenment? AIM: How does Buddhism influence the lives of its followers? DO NOW: How did The Buddha achieve enlightenment? Moral Action The Eight-Fold Path Wisdom Right Understanding: Seeing the world as it is, not

More information

World Religions. Section 3 - Hinduism and Buddhism. Welcome, Rob Reiter. My Account Feedback and Support Sign Out. Choose Another Program

World Religions. Section 3 - Hinduism and Buddhism. Welcome, Rob Reiter. My Account Feedback and Support Sign Out. Choose Another Program Welcome, Rob Reiter My Account Feedback and Support Sign Out Choose Another Program Home Select a Lesson Program Resources My Classes 3 - World Religions This is what your students see when they are signed

More information

Buddhism. Ancient India and China Section 3. Preview

Buddhism. Ancient India and China Section 3. Preview Preview Main Idea / Reading Focus The Life of the Buddha The Teachings of Buddhism The Spread of Buddhism Map: Spread of Buddhism Buddhism Main Idea Buddhism Buddhism, which teaches people that they can

More information

CLASSICAL INDIA FROM THE MAURYANS TO THE GUPTAS

CLASSICAL INDIA FROM THE MAURYANS TO THE GUPTAS CLASSICAL INDIA FROM THE MAURYANS TO THE GUPTAS RISE OF MAURYAN EMPIRE Ganges Republics Prior to Alexander, kshatriyan republics dominated, vied for power Maghda was one of the most dominant Western Intrusions

More information

Chapter 5 Reading Guide The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 C.E.

Chapter 5 Reading Guide The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 C.E. Name: Due Date: Chapter 5 Reading Guide The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities, and Declines by 500 C.E. UNIT SUMMARY The basic themes of the three great classical civilizations of China, India,

More information

3 Belief Systems. Silk Road Encounters Belief Systems 23. Buddhist Cave Temple Murals

3 Belief Systems. Silk Road Encounters Belief Systems 23. Buddhist Cave Temple Murals 3 Belief Systems The religious beliefs of people along the Silk Road at the beginning of the 1 st century BCE were very different from what they would later become. When China defeated the nomadic Xiongnu

More information

Click to read caption

Click to read caption 3. Hinduism and Buddhism Ancient India gave birth to two major world religions, Hinduism and Buddhism. Both had common roots in the Vedas, a collection of religious hymns, poems, and prayers composed in

More information

Part 1: Use each map to answer the multiple choice questions ( / 16) Map A:

Part 1: Use each map to answer the multiple choice questions ( / 16) Map A: SS8 PRACTICE TEST: China, South East Asia, the Mongols and Japan to 1500 1 Part 1: Use each map to answer the multiple choice questions ( / 16) Map A: 1. In which continent would you find the shaded country?

More information

Bentley Chapter 14 Study Guide: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia

Bentley Chapter 14 Study Guide: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia Name Date Period Bentley Chapter 14 Study Guide: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia Eyewitness: Xuanzang: A Young Monk Hits the Road (p. 281-282) 1. Who was Xuanzang, what was the purpose of his travels,

More information

BYZANTINE EMPIRE 500 A.D A.D.

BYZANTINE EMPIRE 500 A.D A.D. BYZANTINE EMPIRE 500 A.D. 1500 A.D. Roman Empire 27 B.C. 476 A.D. Roman Empire 27 B.C. 476 A.D. BYZANTINE EMPIRE 500 A.D. 1500 A.D. BYZANTINE EMPIRE 500 A.D. 1500 A.D. Roman Empire 27 B.C. 476 A.D. Also

More information

APWH Chapters 4 & 9.notebook September 11, 2015

APWH Chapters 4 & 9.notebook September 11, 2015 Chapters 4 & 9 South Asia The first agricultural civilization in India was located in the Indus River valley. Its two main cities were Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. Its writing, however, has never been deciphered,

More information

Section 3. Empires of China and India. The Mauryan Empire

Section 3. Empires of China and India. The Mauryan Empire The Mauryan Empire Many small kingdoms existed across India in 300s BC Each kingdom had own ruler; no central authority united them Magadha a dominant kingdom near Ganges Strong leader, Chandragupta Maurya

More information

BYZANTINE EMPIRE 500 A.D A.D.

BYZANTINE EMPIRE 500 A.D A.D. BYZANTINE EMPIRE 500 A.D. 1500 A.D. Roman Empire 27 B.C. 476 A.D. Roman Empire 27 B.C. 476 A.D. BYZANTINE EMPIRE 500 A.D. 1500 A.D. BYZANTINE EMPIRE 500 A.D. 1500 A.D. Roman Empire 27 B.C. 476 A.D. Also

More information

CHAPTER FIVE The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E.

CHAPTER FIVE The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E. CHAPTER FIVE The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E. World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert *AP and Advanced Placement

More information

RISE OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE

RISE OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE Byzantine Empire RISE OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE Factors that lead to the Rise of the Byzantine Empire Constantine Becomes Emperor of Rome Byzantium (Constantinople) becomes the capital of the Empire. Eastern

More information

Indias First Empires. Terms and Names

Indias First Empires. Terms and Names India and China Establish Empires Indias First Empires Terms and Names Mauryan Empire First empire in India, founded by Chandragupta Maurya Asoka Grandson of Chandragupta; leader who brought the Mauryan

More information

The Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties restored peace to China in between periods of chaos, civil war, and disorder.

The Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties restored peace to China in between periods of chaos, civil war, and disorder. China Reunified The Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties restored peace to China in between periods of chaos, civil war, and disorder. China Reunified Sui Dynasty Grief dynasty known for unifying China under

More information

India s First Empires

India s First Empires CHAPTER 7 Section 1 (pages 189 192) India s First Empires BEFORE YOU READ In the last section, you read about the influence of ancient Rome. In this section, you will read about the Mauryan and Gupta Empires

More information

Name: Period 3: 500 C.E C.E. Chapter 15: India and the Indian Ocean Basin Chapter 16: The Two Worlds of Christendom

Name: Period 3: 500 C.E C.E. Chapter 15: India and the Indian Ocean Basin Chapter 16: The Two Worlds of Christendom Chapter 15: India and the Indian Ocean Basin Chapter 16: The Two Worlds of Christendom 1. In the Bhagavata Purana, Vishnu suggested that "One should engage himself in singing of Me, praising Me, dancing

More information

The spread of Buddhism In Central Asia

The spread of Buddhism In Central Asia P2 CHINA The source: 3 rd century BCE, Emperor Asoka sent missionaries to the northwest of India (present-day Pakistan and Afghanistan). The missions achieved great success. Soon later, the region was

More information

The Worlds of European Christendom. Chapter 9

The Worlds of European Christendom. Chapter 9 The Worlds of European Christendom Chapter 9 After the Roman Empire By the 4 th Century the Roman Empire gets divided Christian Europe is two parts: 1. Eastern half = The Byzantine Empire 2. Western half

More information

12. Chinese references to western barbarians in the Tang dynasty included which group of people? a. Portuguese b. Indians c. Vietnamese d.

12. Chinese references to western barbarians in the Tang dynasty included which group of people? a. Portuguese b. Indians c. Vietnamese d. 1. In contrast to the Silk Roads, the Sea Roads of the Indian Ocean a. did not transport any luxury goods. b. carried more products for a mass market. c. had much higher transportation costs. d. were centered

More information

The only cure for suffering is to follow the Eightfold Path, a middle road between a life devoted to pleasure and a life of harsh self-denial.

The only cure for suffering is to follow the Eightfold Path, a middle road between a life devoted to pleasure and a life of harsh self-denial. Chapter 4 Empires of India and China (600 B.C. A.D. 550) In what ways is Hinduism a complex religion? What are the major teachings of the Buddha? How did Buddhism spread beyond India to become a major

More information

1. Introduction horror

1. Introduction horror 1. Introduction In this chapter, you will learn about an Indian leader named King Ashoka (uh-shohke-uh). He gave up wars of conquest and instead began to spread Buddhist values to unify India. King Ashoka

More information

Commerce and Culture AP World History Notes Chapter 7

Commerce and Culture AP World History Notes Chapter 7 Commerce and Culture 500-1500 AP World History Notes Chapter 7 Why Trade? Different ecological zones = natural uneven distribution of goods and resources Early monopolization of certain goods Silk in China

More information

World Civilizations The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 6 th Edition 2011

World Civilizations The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 6 th Edition 2011 A Correlation of, AP* Edition, 6 th Edition 2011 To the AP* World History Topics *Advanced Placement, Advanced Placement Program, AP, and Pre-AP are registered trademarks of the College Board, which was

More information

Chapter 3 Reading Guide Classical Civilization: INDIA

Chapter 3 Reading Guide Classical Civilization: INDIA Name: Due Date: Chapter 3 Reading Guide Classical Civilization: INDIA UNIT SUMMARY The Framework for Indian History: Geography and a Formative Period. Important reasons for India s distinctive path lie

More information

Lesson 2 Student Handout 2.2 Confucius (Kong Fuzi), BCE

Lesson 2 Student Handout 2.2 Confucius (Kong Fuzi), BCE Lesson 2 Student Handout 2.2 Confucius (Kong Fuzi), 551-479 BCE Confucius was a sage, that is, a wise man. He was born in 551 BCE, during a period when China was divided into many small states, each with

More information

Ancient India and China

Ancient India and China Ancient India and China The Subcontinent Huge peninsula Pushes out into the Indian Ocean India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka Himalaya Hindu Kush Eastern and Western Ghats Mountains Rivers

More information

Buddhism. Webster s New Collegiate Dictionary defines religion as the service and adoration of God or a god expressed in forms of worship.

Buddhism. Webster s New Collegiate Dictionary defines religion as the service and adoration of God or a god expressed in forms of worship. Buddhism Webster s New Collegiate Dictionary defines religion as the service and adoration of God or a god expressed in forms of worship. Most people make the relationship between religion and god. There

More information

Reading Essentials and Study Guide

Reading Essentials and Study Guide Lesson 5 The Byzantine Empire ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS How can religion impact a culture? What factors lead to the rise and fall of empires? Reading HELPDESK Academic Vocabulary legal relating to law; founded

More information

Chapter 17 The First Unification of India. How did Ashoka unify the Mauryan Empire and spread Buddhist values?

Chapter 17 The First Unification of India. How did Ashoka unify the Mauryan Empire and spread Buddhist values? 17.1. Introduction Chapter 17 The First Unification of India How did Ashoka unify the Mauryan Empire and spread Buddhist values? In this chapter, you will learn about an Indian leader named King Ashoka

More information

Architecture: From Ashoka to Gupta 3 rd century BCE to 5 th century CE

Architecture: From Ashoka to Gupta 3 rd century BCE to 5 th century CE Architecture: From Ashoka to Gupta 3 rd century BCE to 5 th century CE 1 Don t forget the Met Museum Time-Line of art and culture http://www.metmuseum.org/ toah/ht/? period=05&region=ssa Life of the Historic

More information

2. One way in which the African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhai were similar was that they.

2. One way in which the African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhai were similar was that they. World History Mid-Term Review Unit 3B Middle Ages in Asia and Africa 1. When Ivan III married the niece of the last Byzantine emperor, he openly claimed to make Russia the Third Rome. What title did he

More information

World History I. Robert Taggart

World History I. Robert Taggart World History I Robert Taggart Table of Contents To the Student.............................................. v A Note About Dates........................................ vii Unit 1: The Earliest People

More information

The Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire -The rise of the Byzantine Empire is connected to the fall of the Roman Empire -therefore, we need to review the events that led to the fall of the Roman Empire -Review: -in AD 284,

More information

Chapter 8: Indian Empires New Arrivals in South Asia

Chapter 8: Indian Empires New Arrivals in South Asia Chapter 8: Indian Empires New Arrivals in South Asia The Spread of Aryan Settlement Aryans are named for their use of Sanskrit and other languages included in the Indo-Aryan family of languages Arrived

More information

NOVEMBER 13, Oceania Map Quiz Universalizing Religion Notes HW: Read pgs Unit 3.5 Vocab Due Dec. 12 Test Corrections Until Friday

NOVEMBER 13, Oceania Map Quiz Universalizing Religion Notes HW: Read pgs Unit 3.5 Vocab Due Dec. 12 Test Corrections Until Friday NOVEMBER 13, 2017 Oceania Map Quiz Universalizing Religion Notes HW: Read pgs. 190-196 Unit 3.5 Vocab Due Dec. 12 Test Corrections Until Friday Religion Key Issues Where are religions distributed? Why

More information

What were the major accomplishments of the civilizations of India and China during the Classical Era?

What were the major accomplishments of the civilizations of India and China during the Classical Era? WORD WALL #3: Aryans Emperor Asoka Confucius Hinduism Mauryan Empire Qin Dynasty Reincarnation Gupta Empire Shih Huang-ti Caste System Zhou Dynasty Great Wall of China Buddha Mandate of Heaven Han Dynasty

More information

SOL 4 - World History I. Ancient Persian, India & China

SOL 4 - World History I. Ancient Persian, India & China SOL 4 - World History I Ancient Persian, India & China Zoroastrianism was the main Persian religion, although other religions were tolerated. Persian Empire Built on earlier Central Asian and Mesopotamian

More information

AP World History Mid-Term Exam

AP World History Mid-Term Exam AP World History Mid-Term Exam 1) Why did the original inhabitants of Australia not develop agriculture? 2) Know why metal tools were preferred over stone tools? 3) Know how the earliest civilizations

More information

Empires of India and China

Empires of India and China Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Chapter 4, Section World History: Connection to Today Chapter 4 Empires of India and

More information

5.1 Eastern Rome -- Byzantine Empire Reading and Q s

5.1 Eastern Rome -- Byzantine Empire Reading and Q s 5.1 Eastern Rome -- Byzantine Empire Reading and Q s The Byzantine Empire was a vast and powerful civilization with origins that can be traced to 330 A.D/C.E., when the Roman emperor Constantine I dedicated

More information

Chapter 9. State, Society, and the Quest for Salvation in India. 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Chapter 9. State, Society, and the Quest for Salvation in India. 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 9 State, Society, and the Quest for Salvation in India 1 The Mauryan and Gupta Empires 321 B.C.E.-550 C.E. 2 India Before the Mauryan Dynasty 520 B.C.E., Persian emperor Darius conquers northwest

More information

Chapter 6. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 6 3

Chapter 6. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 6 3 Chapter 6 Daily Focus Skills Transparency 6 3 India s First Empires Chapter 6 Section 3 Objectives for this lesson Understand the place of historical events in the context of past, present, and future.

More information

AP WORLD HISTORY Big Ideas

AP WORLD HISTORY Big Ideas AP WORLD HISTORY Big Ideas The purpose of this PowerPoint is for you to review 10 Big Ideas from each of our historical units. (Units 1& 2 are combined together). As you read the top 10 countdown hopefully

More information

WHI.04: India, China, and Persia

WHI.04: India, China, and Persia Name: Date: Period: WHI04: India, China, and Persia WHI4 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the civilizations of Persia, India, and China in terms of chronology, geography, social structures, government,

More information

the Mauryan Empire. Rise of the Maurya Empire

the Mauryan Empire. Rise of the Maurya Empire DUE 02/22/19 Name: Lesson Three - Ancient India Empires (Mauryan and Gupta) 6.28 Describe the growth of the Maurya Empire and the political and moral achievements of the Emperor Asoka. 6.29 Identify the

More information

Intermediate World History A: From Prehistory Through the Middle Ages

Intermediate World History A: From Prehistory Through the Middle Ages Intermediate World History A: From Prehistory Through the Middle Ages Course Overview Course Outline Number of Lessons and Scheduling materials COURSE OVERVIEW K¹² Intermediate World History A surveys

More information

Cultural Diffusion and the image of the Buddha

Cultural Diffusion and the image of the Buddha Cultural Diffusion and the image of the Buddha 10-22-14 Directions: Using the map below and the attached images, explore how the image of the Buddha changed as Buddhism spread from India to other parts

More information

AP World History. Monday, September 17. We are working in partners today. Groups of 2 only.

AP World History. Monday, September 17. We are working in partners today. Groups of 2 only. AP World History Monday, September 17 We are working in partners today. Groups of 2 only. After you watch the video, complete the questions on the form posted in Google Classroom. Take a look at the questions

More information

Mesopotamian civilizations formed on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is today Iraq and Kuwait.

Mesopotamian civilizations formed on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is today Iraq and Kuwait. Ancient Mesopotamian civilizations Google Classroom Facebook Twitter Email Overview Mesopotamian civilizations formed on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is today Iraq and Kuwait. Early

More information

Running Head: THE CHURCH OF THE EAST 1

Running Head: THE CHURCH OF THE EAST 1 Running Head: THE CHURCH OF THE EAST 1 Name Institution Date THE CHURCH OF THE EAST 2 Historical and Geographical Origin of the Church of the East Being among the Eastern Christianity churches, The Church

More information

The Byzantine Empire. Today s Title: Right there^ Today s EQ: Why did the Byzantine Empire survive while other parts of the Roman Empire did not?

The Byzantine Empire. Today s Title: Right there^ Today s EQ: Why did the Byzantine Empire survive while other parts of the Roman Empire did not? The Byzantine Empire Today s Title: Right there^ Today s EQ: Why did the Byzantine Empire survive while other parts of the Roman Empire did not? Where did the Byzantine Empire come from? As we know, The

More information

AP World History (Povletich) Period 2 Review Topics

AP World History (Povletich) Period 2 Review Topics AP World History (Povletich) Period 2 Review Topics Flashcards Extra Credit: In order to earn extra credit your flashcards must be hand written and turned in at the time of your test (I will NOT accept

More information

Ganado Unified School District (Social Studies/6 th Grade)

Ganado Unified School District (Social Studies/6 th Grade) Ganado Unified School District (Social Studies/6 th Grade) PACING Guide SY 2015-2016 Timeline & 4th Quarter Middle Ages 2 3 Weeks S2 C3 PO6 Describe the trade routes that established the exchange of goods

More information

Mauryan, Kūshan, &Gupta Empire India

Mauryan, Kūshan, &Gupta Empire India Mauryan, Kūshan, &Gupta Empire India Background Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan) 2 Major Cities: Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro 2 Major Rivers: Indus & Ganges River Seasonal monsoons brought water to crops

More information

Chapter 18: China s Contacts with the Outside World

Chapter 18: China s Contacts with the Outside World Chapter 18: China s Contacts with the Outside World Guiding Question: How did the foreign-contact policies of three medieval Chinese dynasties affect China? Name: Due Date: Period: A Royal Decree by Ms.

More information

World History Unit 3 Contd. Post Classical Asia and Beyond

World History Unit 3 Contd. Post Classical Asia and Beyond World History Unit 3 Contd. Post Classical Asia and Beyond Essential Questions What were the major civilizations of Asia in the post-classical era? What were the effects of the Mongol invasions? What were

More information

UNIT TWO In this unit we will analyze Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Indian, and Chinese culture.

UNIT TWO In this unit we will analyze Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Indian, and Chinese culture. UNIT TWO In this unit we will analyze Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Indian, and Chinese culture. UNIT TWO In this unit we will analyze Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Indian, and Chinese culture.

More information

THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE POST-CLASSICAL PERIOD (P. 108) 1. What did the end of the classical era and the end of the post-classical era have in common?

THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE POST-CLASSICAL PERIOD (P. 108) 1. What did the end of the classical era and the end of the post-classical era have in common? 600 CE 800 CE Name: Due Date: Unit III: The Postclassical Period, 500-1450: New Faith and New Commerce & Chapter 6 Reading Guide The First Global Civilization: The Rise of Spread of Islam THE CHRONOLOGY

More information

Looking for some help with the LEQ? Let s take an example from the last LEQ. Here was Prompt 2 from the first LEQ:

Looking for some help with the LEQ? Let s take an example from the last LEQ. Here was Prompt 2 from the first LEQ: LEQ Advice: Attempt every point- this includes contextualization and complex understanding. Your thesis must reply directly to the prompt, using the language of the prompt. Be deliberate- make an argument!

More information

What happened to the Roman Empire by 500 A.D.?

What happened to the Roman Empire by 500 A.D.? What happened to the Roman Empire by 500 A.D.? After the Pax Romana, the Roman Empire entered an era of decline The Roman Empire had a series of weak emperors The Fall of the Roman Empire Romans had a

More information

Indian Identity. Sanskrit promoted as language of educated (minimal)

Indian Identity. Sanskrit promoted as language of educated (minimal) Chapter 3 India Indian Identity More culturally diverse due to geography makes political unity difficult The developing religion doesn t foster unity but individuality Encouraged patriarchal control, tight-knit

More information

Regents Review. Unit Summaries

Regents Review. Unit Summaries Regents Review Unit Summaries - Primary Sources - examples: - Secondary Sources - examples: - Archaeology - - Anthropologists- - Artifacts - - Cartographer- - Geographer- - Unit One Methods of Social Studies

More information

4. What was the primary international trade route during the Classical period?

4. What was the primary international trade route during the Classical period? Name: Due Date: Unit III: The Postclassical Period, 500-1450: New Faith and New Commerce & Chapter 6 Reading Guide The First Global Civilization: The Rise of Spread of Islam THE WORLD MAP CHANGES 1. The

More information

Review Unit Packet (page 1-37)

Review Unit Packet (page 1-37) Reading Notes (homework) Review Unit Part 1 (1-9) Review Unit Packet (page 1-37) Questions of the Day, Terms, Objective Questions (in class) Question of the Day 1- How does food get into your home track

More information

The Growth of Civilizations

The Growth of Civilizations The Growth of Civilizations 1. Classical Greece - 2100 BC 150 BC 2. Rome and Early Christianity 750 BC AD 500 3. The Americas 1000 BC AD 1500 4. Empires of China and India 350 BC AD 600 Empires of China

More information

Decline of the Indus River Valley civilizations - -

Decline of the Indus River Valley civilizations - - Quick-Write: 8/30 Decline of the Indus River Valley civilizations - - Aryans - Aryans Aryans and Vedas Aryans and Vedas Aryans and Vedas Aryans and Social Order Aryans and Social Order - Caste System

More information

Big Idea The Ottoman Empire Expands. Essential Question How did the Ottomans expand their empire?

Big Idea The Ottoman Empire Expands. Essential Question How did the Ottomans expand their empire? Big Idea The Ottoman Empire Expands. Essential Question How did the Ottomans expand their empire? 1 Words To Know Sultan the leader of the Ottoman Empire, like a emperor or a king. Religious tolerance

More information

East Asia. China, Korea, Vietnam and Japan

East Asia. China, Korea, Vietnam and Japan East Asia China, Korea, Vietnam and Japan China 600-1200 CE Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties During this period, Chinese dynasties brought about significant improvements in food production and distribution,

More information

Cyrus, Cambyses Darius and his admin. Persepolis Achaemenid Empire Satrap/Satrapy. Xerxes Persian Wars Seleucid Empire Parthian Empire Sasanid Empire

Cyrus, Cambyses Darius and his admin. Persepolis Achaemenid Empire Satrap/Satrapy. Xerxes Persian Wars Seleucid Empire Parthian Empire Sasanid Empire PERIOD 2: 600 BCE to 600 CE Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies Date Due Assignment (Notes on blue sections listed) Important Terms Aug. 27 Chapter 7: The Empires of Persia, pp. 131-138

More information

Chapter 10. Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations

Chapter 10. Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations Chapter 10 Byzantine & Muslim Civilizations Section 1 The Byzantine Empire Capital of Byzantine Empire Constantinople Protected by Greek Fire Constantinople Controlled by: Roman Empire Christians Byzantines

More information

These theories were developed to reinstate peace after the Period of the Warring States.

These theories were developed to reinstate peace after the Period of the Warring States. Chinese Philosophy Three major Chinese theories 1.Confucianism 2.Daoism 3.Legalism These theories were developed to reinstate peace after the Period of the Warring States. China was in a state of chaos

More information

Set up a new TOC for the 2 nd 6 weeks

Set up a new TOC for the 2 nd 6 weeks Set up a new TOC for the 2 nd 6 weeks Our new unit: The Post-Classical Era (approximately) 500-1500 Areas of Focus: Medieval Europe, the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Empire, Tang & Song China Vocab Quiz:

More information

Buddhism and the First Unification of India

Buddhism and the First Unification of India 4 King Ashoka had edicts carved on tall pillars to promote peace across India. CHAPTER Buddhism and the First Unification of India 17.1 Introduction In Chapter 16, you learned about the origins of Buddhism.

More information

Do Now. 1. Try and define the term religion. 2. How is the cultural landscape marked by religion? Think of obvious and subtle ways.

Do Now. 1. Try and define the term religion. 2. How is the cultural landscape marked by religion? Think of obvious and subtle ways. Do Now 1. Try and define the term religion. 2. How is the cultural landscape marked by religion? Think of obvious and subtle ways. Do Now The cultural landscape is marked by religion- most obviously by

More information

APHG CHAPTER 7: RELIGION

APHG CHAPTER 7: RELIGION APHG CHAPTER 7: RELIGION KQ #1: WHAT IS RELIGION, AND WHAT ROLE DOES IT PLAY IN CULTURE? (5 slides) KQ #1: WHAT IS RELIGION, AND WHAT ROLE DOES IT PLAY IN CULTURE? Religion & language are the foundations

More information

Name: Date: Pd: World History Fall Semester Final Review

Name: Date: Pd: World History Fall Semester Final Review Name: Date: Pd: World History Fall Semester Final Review Unit 1: Foundations of Civilization 8000 BC-500 BC 1. What was the Neolithic Revolution? 2. What were effects of the Neolithic Revolution? 3. List

More information

Chapter 13. The Commonwealth of Byzantium. Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display.

Chapter 13. The Commonwealth of Byzantium. Copyright 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. Permission Required for Reproduction or Display. Chapter 13 The Commonwealth of Byzantium 1 The Early Byzantine Empire n Capital: Byzantium n On the Bosporus n Commercial, strategic value of location n Constantine names capital after himself (Constantinople),

More information

Classical Civilizations. World History Honors Unit 2

Classical Civilizations. World History Honors Unit 2 Classical Civilizations World History Honors Unit 2 Unit 2 India China Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Hinduism One of the oldest religions on earth today Probably created by combining traditions from Vedic

More information

The emergence of South Asian Civilization. September 26, 2013

The emergence of South Asian Civilization. September 26, 2013 The emergence of South Asian Civilization. September 26, 2013 Review What was the relationship of Han China to Vietnam, and to Korea? Who were the Xiongnu? (What is a barbarian?) What was the Silk Road?

More information

Hinduism and Buddhism Develop

Hinduism and Buddhism Develop Name CHAPTER 3 Section 2 (pages 66 71) Hinduism and Buddhism Develop BEFORE YOU READ In the last section, you read about the Hittites and the Aryans. In this section, you will learn about the roots of

More information

World History (Survey) Chapter 1: People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. 259 B.C.

World History (Survey) Chapter 1: People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. 259 B.C. World History (Survey) Chapter 1: People and Ideas on the Move, 3500 B.C. 259 B.C. Section 1: Indo-European Migrations While some peoples built civilizations in the great river valleys, others lived on

More information

Post-Classical East Asia 500 CE-1300 CE

Post-Classical East Asia 500 CE-1300 CE Post-Classical East Asia 500 CE-1300 CE Opening Discussion Question What do you remember about our study of China so far? CHINA AFTER THE HAN DYNASTY The Han Dynasty had collapsed by 220 CE, followed

More information

The Byzantine Empire and Russia ( )

The Byzantine Empire and Russia ( ) Chapter 10, Section World History: Connection to Today Chapter 10 The Byzantine Empire and Russia (330 1613) Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River,

More information

CHRISTIAN CHURCH THE FIRST CHRISTIANS

CHRISTIAN CHURCH THE FIRST CHRISTIANS CHRISTIAN CHURCH THE FIRST CHRISTIANS Jesus of Nazareth is Born Jesus teachings make people think in a different, more loving way. He makes them want to change their lives for the better. He fulfills the

More information

Assessment: The Silk Road

Assessment: The Silk Road Name Date Mastering the Content Circle the letter next to the best answer. Assessment: The Silk Road 1. At the time of the Han dynasty, which people particularly threatened China from the north? A. the

More information

AP World History Chapter 3. Classical Civilization India

AP World History Chapter 3. Classical Civilization India AP World History Chapter 3 Classical Civilization India Aryan Civilization Indo European people who migrated across Europe and Asia. No Archeological record of early Aryans. Priests called Vedas kept

More information

APWH chapter 12.notebook October 31, 2012

APWH chapter 12.notebook October 31, 2012 Chapter 12 Mongols The Mongols were a pastoral people who lived north of China. They traveled with their herds of animals which provided meat, milk, clothing, and shelter. Typically, they never had any

More information

SS7G12 The student will analyze the diverse cultures of the people who live in Southern and Eastern Asia. a. Explain the differences between an

SS7G12 The student will analyze the diverse cultures of the people who live in Southern and Eastern Asia. a. Explain the differences between an SS7G12 The student will analyze the diverse cultures of the people who live in Southern and Eastern Asia. a. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a religious group. b. Compare and contrast

More information

Bentley Chapter 17 Study Guide: Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration

Bentley Chapter 17 Study Guide: Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration Name Date Pd Bentley Chapter 17 Study Guide: Nomadic Empires and Eurasian Integration Eyewitness: The Goldsmith of the Mongolian Steppe (p. 353-354) 1. Describe the impact of Boucher s life. Where did

More information

Name: Date: Period: THE ISLAMIC HEARTLANDS IN THE MIDDLE AND LATE ABBASID ERAS p What symptoms of Abbasid decline were there?

Name: Date: Period: THE ISLAMIC HEARTLANDS IN THE MIDDLE AND LATE ABBASID ERAS p What symptoms of Abbasid decline were there? Name: Date: Period: Chapter 7 Reading Guide Abbasid Decline and the Spread of Islamic Civilization to South and Southeast Asia, p.162-182 1. What are some of the reasons for Abbasid decline listed in the

More information