Christianity. The Basics I
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1 Christianity The Basics I
2 Goals Basic Background Story of John the Baptist Jewish Society Story of Jesus The Birth and Spread of Christianity Christianity Splits
3 Background 2 billion followers 1 billion Catholics 450 M Protestants Based on the history/stories of Old & New Testament Old T: Torah New T: 27 Books recounting story of Jesus and his disciples The 4 Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) Revelations: End of the world, return of the Messiah
4 John the Baptist (4-6BC) Jesus: Among them that are born of women there has not arisen a greater than John the Baptist... (Matthew 11) Same age as Jesus. John baptizes Jesus. Feared by the political elite. John is beheaded in a political conspiracy.
5 John the Radical Lived an ascetic lifestyle (ate bugs, lived in the wild, etc.) Rejected materialism of his day Preached on the sins of man and the coming of the Messiah
6 John the Radical Many believed John was the Messiah He consistently rejected this and said he is merely the messenger. Behold, the Lamb of God Beheaded in a conspiracy.
7 Jewish Society Judea under Roman Control Allowed to worship God: Must pay taxes Follow Roman rules Do not disrupt the system. Q: What were some responses to Roman control?
8 4 Responses Sadducees: Pragmatically follow Greek culture and Roman rule. Essenes: Withdraw from society, live ascetic lifestyle.
9 4 Responses Zealots: Rebel against Roman rule with force. Suffered many defeats. Pharisees: Stay in society under Roman rule. Teach and live by conservative Judaic laws of Moses. Built powerful political alliances with Romans.
10 Story of Jesus Born in Bethlehem (Palestine) 4-6BC Virgin birth, son of a carpenter Jesus missing years (12-30): Some believe he remains in Nazareth as a carpenter Small minority suggest he travelled to nearby lands, learning their ways of life Egypt, India, Tibet?
11 Story of Jesus Jesus returns at 30. Baptized by JTB. Begins ministry, preaching a message of love, tolerance, compassion and peace. Faith healing, stories of miracles.
12 J the Revolutionary (1) Rejected class distinctions. (2) Resisted Jewish Authority. (3) Resisted Roman Authority
13 1. Class Distinctions Embraced the marginalized of society: (Lepers, disabled, prostitutes, etc.) Rejected class distinctions: Clean, unclean Jew, Gentile Righteous, Sinner These were man-made, unnecessary barriers between people that had nothing to do with God s love.
14 2. Jewish Authority God = Not just punisher and judge of the wicked. God = Compassion, forgiveness and love of Man. Rejected the materialism and consumerism of his people. Rejected role of Pharisees as authorities on God.
15 3. Roman Authority Rejected Roman pagan culture. Rejected Roman bureaucracy and control of region (taxes, fines, secular law). Smith: This made him a social prophet, challenging the boundaries of the existing order and advocating an alternative vision of the human community (322).
16 J the Martyr (1) Jewish authorities begin to fear Jesus growing reputation (2) Romans want to maintain control of region Initially tell Pharisees to handle it and want no part of an uprising Eventually agree to punishing Jesus Pontius Pilate
17 J the Martyr (3) At 33, Jesus enters Jerusalem (Palm Sunday) Greeted by many as the Messiah Enters a temple and kicks out the money-changers and vendors Spends next days preaching in the temple against the priests
18 J the Martyr (4) Romans and Jewish priests conspire to capture and execute Jesus and crucify him that same Friday. J is charged with treason for claiming divinity Punishment: Death by crucifiction
19 The Resurrection After entombing Jesus on Friday, his body has disappears by Sunday. He appears to Mary and his disciples. Appoints them to spread the word. Re-enters heaven to be with God.
20 Birth of Christianity Many claiming to be Messiah in Jesus time. Roman Response: Kill the leader, followers will scatter. Disciples Response: Spread the gospel of Jesus. Remember: Judaism doesn t actively seek converts. Jesus removed the barrier of being The Chosen People.
21 The Gospel Good News Jesus death atones for man s sin. Praying in J s name = access to God without the barrier of sin. J will return at the end of days and deliver the faithful to God.
22 Spread of Christianity (1) Disciples spread through the region spreading the gospel. (2) For 300 years, Christians persecuted for not worshiping Roman Emperor. Fed to lions. Beatings, stoning. Fish Symbol: Points toward secret meetings. Religion continues to grow.
23 Spread of Christianity (3) 312 AD, Constantine becomes Roman Emperor. (4) 313 AD, Edict of Milan legalizes Christianity. (5) 323 AD, Nicene Council makes Christianity official religion of the Roman Empire. Disputes over books of NT. Rejected books burned and destroyed. Disputes over relationship of Jesus and God. Dissenters excommunicated.
24 Spread of Christianity (6) AD: Unification of Institution and Doctrine: God and Jesus are One. 4 Legitimate Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. The priesthood is reserved for men only. Priests and nuns must remain celibate. Latin is the official language of the Church. Bishop of Rome is the head of the Church (The Pope).
25 The Roman Catholic Church (RMC) (1) Peter is the official founder and 1st bishop of church. (2) Pope is the ultimate authority on teachings of Jesus. Pope is guided by the holy spirit to ensure the perfection of his pronouncements. Immaculate Conception of Mary. Mary becomes saint.
26 The Roman Catholic Church (RMC) (3) Holy Trinity: God, Jesus, Holy Spirit (4) There is no salvation without the church. Only the church can give holy sacraments: Rituals that allow us to live in accordance with God s will. Ex. Baptism, Marriage, Confession, Communion, etc.
27 RMC Splits (1) RMC (2) Eastern Orthodox (3) Protestantism
28 Eastern Orthodox (1054 AD) Constantine sets up 2nd church in Istanbul (Turkey) Greek instead of Latin. Disagreed w/ Pope s interpretations of Christ. Disagreed w/ papal authority and celibacy.
29 Protestantism (1517AD) Martin Luther: (1) Direct connection b/w God and Man. (2) Rejects RMC s indulgences: I sin, I pay penance, I am forgiven. (3) God speaks to individuals through the Bible: Bible is the Living Word
30 Protestantism (1517AD) (4) No requirement for church or need for papal authority (5) Paul, not Peter, is the leader of the Church. (6) Rejection of saints/idols outside of the holy trinity: God, Jesus, Holy Spirit.
31 Protestantism (1517AD) (7) Rejection of Celibacy (8) Protestantism breaks off into many denominations throughout the world. Presbyterian Methodist Baptist Episcopalian Etc.
32 Recap Basic Background Story of John the Baptist Jewish Society
33 Recap Story of Jesus The Birth and Spread of Christianity Christianity Splits
34 End of Christianity I
Roman Empire & Religious Diversity. Divisions in Judea. Mystery Religions. Rome tolerated the varied religious traditions around the empire
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