Rosslyn Chapel. Curriculum for Excellence Level 3. A Study Pack for Scottish Students. Joe Walker

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1 Rosslyn Chapel A Study Pack for Scottish Students Curriculum for Excellence Level 3 Joe Walker 1

2 This Study Pack is designed to be used with school students as part of their study of Rosslyn Chapel. It is best used as a course leading up to a visit to the Chapel itself where many of the areas students will examine can be brought to life in the Chapel. It is principally designed for use in Religious and Moral Education classes in Scottish schools following the Outcomes and Experiences in the Curriculum for Excellence programme at third level. As such it uses Rosslyn Chapel as a way for students to explore Beliefs, Values and Practices and Traditions as well as to help them explore the development of beliefs and values, including their own beliefs and values and those of others. The materials could also be used as the focus of interdisciplinary activities, and whole school rich tasks. They will also support the delivery of Outcomes and Experiences in the three whole school areas of Literacy, Numeracy and Health and Wellbeing. In studying Rosslyn there are particular links to subjects such as History and Geography, but also to English, Art, CDT and in fact, all curricular areas could be linked to Rosslyn and these materials. It is envisaged that teachers will take an active learning approach to these materials allowing pupils to question, discuss, explore and reflect upon the issues, ideas and concepts they raise. The Chapel could easily be the focus of many years of school study in itself so the materials are designed to allow teachers to dip in and focus on the areas of most interest and potential benefit to their own students. Many of the claims and counter-claims linked to Rosslyn Chapel are long and complex not to mention contentious. These materials are not designed to be a comprehensive survey of the issues and debates, but simply a way to raise interest among students and allow them to explore the claims and counter-claims in an exploratory and reflective way. This should help them develop a better understanding of their own beliefs and values more fully and appreciate the role of this historic place in Scottish life. The materials are largely based on information provided by Fiona Rogan, Education Manager at the Chapel. I hope these materials help your students understand more fully a significant feature of the life of our nation. Joe Walker June

3 1 Rosslyn Chapel.a mystery through history Rosslyn Chapel has a long history, and is linked with many important events, peoples and historical figures. Perhaps each one of these helped make it what it is today.and perhaps along each step of this long history, those involved in its story have played their part in shaping what it is today. Perhaps the chapel walls themselves guard the secrets of a long and varied past, and hold on to its history. Part of the tale starts with the Vikings: Scandinavian peoples who travelled across the cold North Sea in open ships, looking for new places to live. Sometimes their encounters with those whose lands they came to were bloody and violent -when they conquered with axe-blades and swords. Though sometimes these meetings were less troubled, and trade took place and families were joined through the marriage of locals with these strange invaders. The Vikings ended up all over Europe. In Northern France they settled in what became known as Normandy the land of the Northmen. One Viking family took their name from a French town St Clair sur Epte. The St Clairs travelled to England where they took part in the battle of Hastings in 1066, alongside William the Conqueror. The family grew in power and influence. Soon they settled in Scotland and were friends of great Kings such as Robert the Bruce taking part in the battle of Bannockburn. 3

4 Sir William St Clair was now held in high honour in Scotland and had lands and power. In 1446, he decided to build a chapel. The St Clairs had moved through history and were now settled in this small Midlothian hamlet and marked it with a small chapel in which are commemorated many events in the family s varied past. The seemingly insignificant chapel they built is now world-famous, and its mysteries and secrets have been discussed and argued over for many years. Thousands visit the chapel each year each with their own reason, but all to experience something unique, something steeped in the mists of a long - and many say mysterious history. Think it through Does the past matter? Does knowing about your family s past matter? What do you know about your family s past? Could your ancestors have had anything to do with the St Clairs? Why might William St Clair have decided to build a chapel? Why might he have built it in a small place like Rosslyn rather than the more powerful Edinburgh? Can a building hold on to the past in some unknown way? What do you think might draw so many people from all around the world - to visit such a small building? Investigate What does the word Rosslyn mean? What evidence is there in the chapel of the St Clair family? Is there any evidence in the chapel which reflects this long and complex history? If you re visiting the chapel, perhaps you could ask a few visitors why they have come here What different beliefs are there about Rosslyn Chapel and its mysteries? Big Questions Lots of effort has been put in over the centuries to preserve Rosslyn Chapel. Would it matter if this effort to preserve it was given up? Would a world without Rosslyn Chapel be any different? Is it important to preserve the past? 4

5 2 Rosslyn Chapel.and Robert the Bruce Robert the Bruce is one of the best known figures in Scottish history. His famous victory over the English at the battle of Bannockburn in 1314 is still remembered by Scots in the song Flower of Scotland, which says that the English King, Edward, was sent home tae think again. This gruesome battle ran over three days and though the Scots were outnumbered they won against a larger and better-equipped English army. Some say that the final victory was achieved with the help of a group of Knights who arrived towards the end of the battle. Some say these knights were what remained of the Knights Templar- though there is no historical evidence for this. Fighting alongside Robert the Bruce at Bannockburn was none other than Henry St Clair, 7th Baron of Rosslyn, and his two sons John and William. In fact, when Robert the Bruce finally died, John and William were given the highly honourable job of taking Robert s heart to be buried in the Holy Land. On their way there however both John and William were killed in a battle with the Moors in Spain. However, it is said that the Moors were so impressed with their bravery that they allowed the survivors of the battle to return home to Scotland carrying the bones of John and William and the heart of Robert the Bruce. In Rosslyn Chapel, there is a carving which some say is the death mask of Robert the Bruce himself. Some say it is the most difficult carving in the whole chapel to discover. If so, why might this be? 5

6 No matter, again, it would seem that the St Clairs and Rosslyn Chapel were at the centre of Scottish history. Think it through Many people still remember Bannockburn. Should we still remember battles such as this between countries which are now united? Do you feel Scottish, or British or both? Why might they have wanted to bury Robert s heart in the Holy Land? The Moors were respectful even towards the enemies they had defeated in this case. Should we respect our enemies? Should there be rules in war? Making a death mask was a common practice in the past. What do you think of this practice? Why do you think there is what some think is a carving of Robert the Bruce s death mask in Rosslyn Chapel? Investigate Can you find the death mask of Robert in the chapel? Where is it, why might it be placed where it is? Rosslyn Chapel is a Scottish church. In what ways are Scottish churches similar to/different from those in England? There s an interesting story about Robert s heart where part of the story took place as recently as What s the story? How did John and William come to be in Spain? Who were these Moors who defeated them in battle? Big Questions The story of Robert the Bruce and his place in Scottish history is used by many as a way to remind people of their Scottish identity. Should Scotland be an independent country? Was Robert the Scottish hero he is made out to be? Should Scottish people become more aware of their identity? Or should we be trying to get closer to our neighbours rather than separating from them? 6

7 3 Rosslyn Chapel.and why it was built Sir William St Clair built the chapel in 1446, and his descendants are very proud of this to this day. William had the chapel built for his own family s use, but it was also to be a place of learning where monks and priests were trained so that they could help others understand the Christian faith, and also help others with the ordinary business of making sense of their lives. As well as all this, one purpose of the Chapel was as a place to pray for the soul of the person who built it and all of his family throughout time. In those days, there was a strong belief in purgatory. This was a place between heaven and hell where your soul could wait to work off the things you had done in life which were holding you back from getting into heaven. One way your soul could be helped through purgatory and on into heaven was by people praying for you. Some churches at the time were for no other purpose than praying day and night for the soul of the builder of the church! This was part of the reasons for Rosslyn s building but it had other purposes too. When it was built, very few people could read or write and besides which, the Bible only existed in Latin so even if you could read and write, you wouldn t be able to read it. So, the Chapel became a Bible in stone. Its many carvings taught ordinary people about the beliefs of the Christian faith, told the stories of the Bible in the form of stone carvings and taught people valuable lessons about the nature of life and death itself. 7

8 The chapel also served as a way to record many aspects of the history of the St Clair family, as well as acting as a place for members of the family to find their final resting place at death and to wait there for judgement day when they would be resurrected and judged. During the Reformation in Scotland the Chapel was attacked partly because of the stone idols which they believed it contained in the form of its carvings. In 1592 its altars were destroyed and it lay in ruins for many years. But by 1862, the chapel was in full use again as a place of worship, as it is today. The St Clair family is still very much involved in preserving the chapel proud of the family s achievements and proud of this small building which is known about all around the world. Think it through What do you think of the idea of purgatory? Do you think you have a soul? Why do you think most people in 1446 could not read or write? What achievements are you proud of? How do you think it might feel to be able to trace your family all the way back to the Vikings?! Investigate What Bible teachings and stories might be present in the stones of the chapel? Why are many of the carvings of scary things; or about death; or ordinary everyday things? William St Clair was known as a benefactor. What does this word mean? What did it mean in the Mediaeval period? Big Questions Rosslyn Chapel is a link to the past for the members of the St Clair family. A reminder of who they are and what their family has done throughout history: How does your family remember the past? What achievements have there been in your family in the past and how have they been recorded? Also, we still remember Sir William because of what he left behind. How might you be remembered (and how would you like to be remembered) when you have left this world? 8

9 4. Rosslyn Chapel.and the Masons In the Middle Ages people who had a trade often joined together to look after the work they did and to keep the secrets of their trade too! One such trade was the stonemasons who were the builders of their day. These stonemasons worked with compasses and set squares, carefully measuring and numbering to make sure that the things they built were safe and well-built but also pleasing to look at. These men would have built anything from ordinary homes to great public and religious buildings sharing their skills only with each other and helping other masons in their guild improve their craft. You had to pay a fee to be a member of a guild, and this fee meant you could learn the secrets of guild but you had to keep them to yourself. To become a member you had to go through two stages. These stages were often called degrees. The first was called the apprentice stage. Here, a boy would train for up to seven years with an experienced guild member called a journeyman. Once the boy was sure he had reached a certain level of skill he would present a piece of work, called the Master Piece to show that he was good enough to be promoted to the degree of Journeyman. If this piece was good enough he became a full member of the guild and could earn good money! Some Journeymen made it to a level called Master Mason. This was where they could then oversee the work of others too. In years to come, this would come to have a different meaning. In time, the guild of masons started to concentrate less on the practical work of building and more on the meanings behind it all. Their tools and techniques started to be given new meanings meanings which were linked to beliefs and values, theories and ideas. 9

10 Their tools and techniques were sometimes also given symbolic meanings symbols pointing to something beyond the ordinary. Many of the symbols can still be found today but their meaning may be known only to other Masons. Some believe that many of the symbols of the Masons can be found.in Rosslyn Chapel Think it through Why do you think the members of the guild wanted to keep their techniques a secret? The Masons took a pride in the work they did. What does this mean? Do you take a pride in your work? How do people in the modern world show that they have learned things well? What symbols do you know about and what do they stand for? Investigate What does the set square and compass symbol mean? What are real set squares and compasses used for? The carving in the picture above has a name which might be linked to the masons. What is its name? What other Masonic carvings might be in Rosslyn Chapel? Big Questions In today s world the Masons are an international and some say, quite secretive organisation. What secrets might they hold? What do modern Masons do which is the same as or different to the masons of the Middle Ages? What might masons be building nowadays? What do you think about secret organisations? Should people keep secrets? 10

11 5 Rosslyn Chapel.and its stonework The Masons who carved the stones for the Chapel took their work very seriously. Not only did they want to do a good job to show that they were skilled men, but they were also working in a church and so their work took on a spiritual significance for them. They were, after all, decorating what they believe to be the house of God not something to be taken lightly. And yet, although many of the carvings are linked to the St Clair family, and some to very obviously religious ideas, some also seem to be a little more peculiar. Why might such carving be there in the first place? Are they symbols of something else entirely, or just a celebration of birth, life and death in all its variety and are some of the carvings all that they seem? Around one window is a carving of maize (corn). Now such corn originally came from North America which was discovered by Columbus in years after Rosslyn was built. How did a carving of corn get here first? Hanging upside down and tied tightly with rope is Lucifer the angel who became the devil. Why is the devil carved? Might this have a link to the other kind of masons you have learned about? There are green men carvings all around the chapel. These were originally pagan gods symbols of nature why are they in a Christian Church (there are similar carvings in many Christian churches throughout the UK) There s also a carving of an angel not playing a harp but playing the bagpipes is this a Scottish angel?! 11

12 In the arches of the Lady Chapel there are what have been called musical cubes with lines and dots on them. Some think these are musical notes others that they are a secret code. Some of these carvings are very mysterious indeed. Others are very obvious: For example, one set of carvings has death pulling all sorts of people off to meet their end. This reminded people that one day too they would die and perhaps they should be prepared for that by living a good life. Another carving has a woman rescuing a goose from the jaws of a fox. Was this a symbol, or just a celebration of the farming community which surrounded the chapel in times past? Whatever the explanation for many of the carvings, the Chapel has literally hundreds of them. Why were so many carved? What messages were they trying to convey? Who designed them and what part do they play in the story of Rosslyn? Think it through Why do you think the masons spent so much time and energy in creating so many carvings? Do you think the carvings add to the purpose of the building or take away from it? Which of the carvings do you like best? Why? Are there some carvings which shouldn t be there? Should carvings in a church all be about religious things? Investigate How many carvings are there in Rosslyn? Which carvings in the chapel are controversial? Why? How do stone masons make a carving? What tools do they sue and what processes are involved? The architecture of Rosslyn Chapel is called Late Gothic. Find out what features of the chapel give it this name, and why this building is unique in Scotland. Big Questions Some people feel that the work people did in the past was done far more carefully than nowadays. Is this true? Do people still try to do a good job in everything they do these days? Should we put effort into everything we do or should we just do what we can get away with!? Also, the stonework in the chapel was done very carefully because it is a religious building. Should religious buildings be treated with even more care and respect than other buildings? 12

13 6 Rosslyn Chapel.and its stories There are many strange stories linked to Rosslyn Chapel are they true? Will we ever know? One story has it that a Master Mason was asked by Sir William St Clair to carve a great stone pillar. He asked to go to Rome to study the great pillars there and off he was sent. Time passed and he didn t return. In the meantime a young apprentice came to Sir William. He told William that he had had a strange dream. In this dream, an angel came to him and told him how to carve a great pillar. Sir William gave permission for the young man to carve the pillar. When he was done, all were amazed at what a great piece of work it was. However the Master Mason returned and was furious that the pillar had been completed without him. He took his hammer and killed the young apprentice and was hanged for this. It is said that there are two carvings in the Chapel. One is the apprentice who has a mark on his head where the hammer struck, and the other is of the Master Mason whose image has to stare at the Apprentice s pillar for all time. There are similar stories to this told in Churches and Cathedrals all over Europe. 13

14 Was this story really true is it symbol of something else completely or simply a story which has been passed down through the ages and linked to many different buildings all over Europe..? Or, have many such unlucky Apprentices been killed in just such a way? Perhaps we will never know. Think it through Does it matter whether a story is true or just a story? Many stories like this have happier endings. Does this story end happily? Many stories such as this end with the bad guy getting what he deserves does that happen in this story? Why do people often prefer a story to be truth rather than fiction? Do we always want to know the truth? Investigate Where is the Apprentice Pillar in the Chapel and what various beliefs are there about it? Where can the Apprentice and the Master Mason s images be found in the Church? Some claim that the pillar is similar to the Viking Yggdrasil tree myth. What is this story and how might a Viking Myth be appropriate for Rosslyn Chapel? Big Questions In many cultures of the world, people, places and objects are linked with stories. Why do stories seem to be such an important part of human nature? What different kinds of stories are there? Are some stories repeated in different formats around the worldwith different places and names in them (but basically the same story)? Why might this be? Is telling stories a basic human need? 14

15 7 Rosslyn Chapel..and its ghosts Ever seen anything strange..anything you can t explain? Some of the visitors to Rosslyn Chapel have. In July 2006 a group of actors were rehearsing in the Chapel for a play they were about to do at the Edinburgh festival. One said that he saw a fairy-like figure in the grounds of the building. Another was locking up the chapel at the end of their rehearsal. As he was doing so he heard the voice of a child in the crypt. Obviously he didn t want to lock the child in overnight so he went down to the crypt to get the child to find.that there was no-one there. Another tale says that the ghost of a white Lady haunts Rosslyn Castle. Legend has it that she is a girl from the St Clair family who was bewitched by an evil spell and sleeps in an enchanted chamber. Here she is waiting to be rescued by a knight. Once rescued, the spell upon her will be broken and the knight will be granted great treasures. Yet another tale is of a phantom dog which roams the grounds around the chapel and on stormy nights its ghostly barking can be heard. Of course, throughout history the chapel has been a place where many monks have gathered for prayer and worship. Some say that there are monks who have never left the place. One is seen praying at the altar in the crypt. One report of him has him surrounded by four knights. Other hooded monks have been seen wandering around the chapel and its grounds. As well as these sightings, many have claimed to hear mysterious noises and some claim that as you approach the crypt you may feel a strange chill wind even on a warm summer s day. As recently as 2010, some workmen were working through the night in the Chapel. 15

16 Three different groups of workmen worked overnight and each morning, all said they would not work in the chapel overnight again. Most did not want to explain why, though one said that as he was repairing the steps down to the crypt he felt as if someone was watching him from behind. He turned and saw a monk in a brown cassock watching him. He ran out of the building and asked the night watchman to go in and look inside.unsurprisingly no monk could be found. Are these just stories, or does Rosslyn hold more than mere memories.? Think it through Do you think ghosts exist? What evidence is there for/against the existence of ghosts? What other explanations could there be for the ghost stories of Rosslyn? Do you think people want to see ghosts? Why might they do this? Are some places and buildings more likely to have ghost stories than others? Investigate Many ghost stories throughout Scotland and the world are often quite similar. Can you find any ghosts stories which are similar to the ones you have read here? What different kinds of ghosts or eerie experiences do people usually report? What similarities and differences are there about the stories? How might a report of the sighting of a ghost be investigated? Should we investigate such things? Big Questions Many people believe in ghosts and many do not. Why do you think some do and some don t? Could it ever be possible to get evidence for the existence of a ghost which everyone would believe? If there are ghosts, why has no-one yet proved that they exist beyond all doubt? Are ghosts all in the mind? 16

17 8 Rosslyn Chapel.a Christian church It is easy to forget in amongst all the mystery and strangeness that Rosslyn Chapel is an ordinary living Christian church. People still worship and pray there. They still meet to think about life s purpose and many spend time there, not because they want to think about the strange mysteries of life or the many claims about the Chapel itself, but because they want time to think about and reflect upon the ordinary things of life. The church is in many ways just an ordinary church helping people to cope with the challenges of everyday life. The Chapel was originally known as the Collegiate Chapel of St Matthew. It s quite ordinary purpose when it was built was as a place for Holy Mass and prayer according to the style of the Roman Catholic Church. The Monks who were here also spent a lot of time saying prayers for the souls of the builders of the church as well as the St Clair family which was all quite normal back in the 15th Century. In fact, they said prayers for the dead to help them in their afterlife! The church was also a kind of college, where men learned to become priests. Nowadays it is no longer a Roman Catholic Church but part of the Scottish Episcopal Church. Services of worship go on here just as in any other such church. There are weddings and baptisms, funerals and celebrations at different times of year such as Easter and Christmas for example. The altar at the front of the church is where the Eucharist is celebrated, and there is a baptismal font where babies are baptised and welcomed into the church. The congregation of the church meets regularly there are evening and weekday services, and sung Eucharists. There are events called quietness by candlelight and you can request that the congregation prays for you or a loved one or lights a candle on your behalf or for someone special to you. There s even a Children s church which meets every two weeks in the visitor centre. 17

18 Christians will meet in the church for worship, to mark special occasions and times of year and to learn about their faith and support others in it. Like all Christian churches, Rosslyn is a place to retreat from the world, but at the same time to face the world s challenges. The congregation of the church not only prays and worships there but helps others at home and around the world through charity work. Christians believe that a Church is a place to meet with God as well as a place to meet with other Christians. Think it through Investigate Do you need to be in a particular building to communicate with God? How do you think the ordinary Christians in Rosslyn Chapel cope with its worldwide fame? Do you think they like it or might it be a nuisance?! How and where do you think about and reflect upon the challenges of everyday life? What do you think quietness by candlelight is all about? Why do you think the congregation offers to pray for people it might not even know? Why might they light a candle for such a person? In what ways might the Children s Church be different to the adult one? Find out what the different types of worship which go on at Rosslyn are like. What is Eucharist, evensong etc? When did Rosslyn change from being a Roman Catholic Church to an Episcopal church? Why did this happen? What are the differences between the two denominations? What evidence can you find in the church that it is not just a historic building but a living group of Christians? Which objects in the church have the same function as in any other church? (Even if they are very old and quite unique!) Big Questions Some people say that Christianity is on the decline in this country others disagree strongly what do you think? Also, some think that some types of Christian worship are old-fashioned and not suited to the modern world what do you think? Should Christian worship be trendy or timeless? 18

19 9 Rosslyn Chapel.and its famous visitors As well as an astonishing history, the Chapel has attracted many visitors over the years. Some have been drawn by its mysteries, some by its architecture and beauty and some as a place where they can think more deeply about life s important things. As you stand in the chapel, imagine who has stood just where you are, perhaps many years ago. As they looked at the same stone carvings that you re looking at what might have been going through their mind? One such famous visitor was a man who spent some time in Edinburgh being praised for his poetry. It is said that he walked from the centre of Edinburgh out to Rosslyn along with another man an equally famous painter, Alexander Naysmith. In fact, Naysmith later painted the picture of the poet which has become perhaps the most famous picture of him ever. The poet was none other than Scotland s National Poet, Robert Burns. What might have drawn these two to the chapel.? It is known that they were both members of the Masonic Order. Perhaps this is why they came seeking a link with a place so important for the Masonic world. Another famous Scottish writer was also a visitor to Rosslyn Chapel. Sir Walter Scott visited the Chapel and even it is said used the Chapel as the basis of a Church which featured in his book The Talisman written in This novel maybe unsurprisingly was about the Knights Templar and their role in the crusades. Scott s poem, The Lay of the Last Minstrel brought so much attention to the village of Roslin, that a coaching inn had to be built next to the chapel to accommodate the tourists. The building is still used today as a holiday cottage. Writers Dorothy and William Wordsworth visited in 1803, and during their visit there was a terrible storm. After this William wrote a poem, Composed in Roslin Chapel during a storm As well as these famous writers and artists, many other famous people may have stood where you are standing. Each one came away from Rosslyn with their own views about the place. Each one also very probably made their own contribution to keeping Rosslyn going either by convincing others to look after it, or by getting others thinking about its importance in the history of our world. In 1842, Queen Victoria visited and requested that the Chapel be cared for so that future generations would be able to enjoy it. Our present Queen and the Prince of Wales have visited the chapel in recent times. 19

20 Around 2000, the writer Dan Brown visited, and of course, Rosslyn Chapel was the set for the final scene in the book and the film The Da Vinci Code with the Oscar-winning actor Tom Hanks playing his part alongside the Chapel itself. Through the ages many have come to the Chapel for many different reasons. Why did you come? What were you looking for? Think it through Why did you come to Rosslyn Chapel? Did you find what you were looking for? Why do you think so many writers have been drawn to the Chapel? Burns was a Mason. What might he have been looking for at the Chapel? What things about the Chapel do you think theses famous visitors would have find most interesting? Do you have a place where you can think more deeply about life s important things? Investigate Do any of Burn s poems mention Rosslyn? Might any of them have been influenced by his visit? What paintings are there of Rosslyn? What do these different paintings try to say about the Chapel? Where else is Sir Walter Scott remembered? Why is he such an important figure in Scottish history? What other writings by him might be linked to Rosslyn or the Templars? Big Questions People seem to like to visit famous places. What makes a place famous? Why do we seem to be attracted to places which have attracted famous people? Why do we like to stand where famous people have stood and to look at the things they saw? Does this in some way help us to feel connected to them? Does it make us feel more like we are a part of something bigger? 20

21 10 Rosslyn Chapel.and the Da Vinci Code Perhaps you have seen Rosslyn Chapel before.? Some of the final scenes of the movie the Da Vinci Code take place in Rosslyn Chapel. Here, the main character, Robert Langdon ends up in Rosslyn Chapel after he cracks a code hidden in an ancient object. He visits the chapel with Sophie Neveu a young Frenchwoman who has followed him all over Europe trying to find the killer of her grandfather. Her grandfather, it seems, wanted to pass on a great secret to her, but was killed before he could do so. Their travels take them to many famous places in Europe many of which have been linked with stories of the Holy Grail and of the Knights Templar and many of which are linked to the idea of the Rose. In Rosslyn Langdon and Sophie meet a mysterious group of people. These are people who are part of a secret organisation. This organisation has protected the secret of the Holy Grail since the time of Jesus. The secret is that the Grail was Mary Magdalene, the carrier of Jesus children. They reveal that Mary was once buried in Rosslyn Chapel. They also reveal that Sophie is a descendent of Mary and so a living descendent of Jesus. They vow to protect her for the rest of her life. 21

22 This film is based on a book by Dan Brown. Some say this book should just be treated as an interesting read and not as containing any truth. Some say there are truths in his book. There are many different opinions about Dan Brown s book and there can be quite heated discussion about it. Is the Da Vinci code just an interesting book an enjoyable movie? Does it mix up facts and fiction so that we don t know which is which any more? Is Rosslyn Chapel s place in the story just that part of a made-up story? Or did Rosslyn really play such a big part in the tale because it does indeed hold the secret of the Holy Grail or of Mary Magdalene? Is the Da Vinci code pointing to the truth or just a story? Is Rosslyn Chapel more than a building, or is the building itself something to be treasured Think it through Why do you think some people were very annoyed by the Da Vinci code book and film? Do you think they were right to be annoyed? Some people think you should refuse to read a book or see a film which you disagree with. What do you think? Some people may question why those in charge of Rosslyn Chapel allowed the Church to be used in the making of the film. Were they right to do so? How might anyone work out what s fact and fiction in the Da Vinci code? Investigate The Da Vinci Code produced a lot of disagreement and even some strong arguments. What were the arguments about? What different views were held by the different sides in the argument? According to the book and the film, what part did Rosslyn Chapel play in the story? Which parts of the story do some claim are fact and some are fiction? Big Questions For many, the Da Vinci Code is just a story for others it contains truths. How do we work out in our life what is true and what is not? How do we reach agreements when people have different versions of the truth? (and do we always reach agreement?) Some also feel that the Da Vinci Code story was in some way offensive to their beliefs. Should stories not be told because they may offend people? 22

23 11 Rosslyn Chapel.and Solomon s Temple Many thousands of years ago a great warrior King named David brought together two desert lands, Judah and Israel. David s God had a name which was so powerful that it was never said aloud, and to this day, Jewish people refer to God as Lord (Adonoi) or The Name (Ha Shem) rather than his name of power which is To honour his God, David decided to create a great temple, but David died before this could be done. David s son Solomon did build the temple though and an impressive building it must have been. It was built in the holiest city of Jerusalem. Inside the temple itself were the holiest objects from the faith which Solomon and his people followed. These included the Ark of the Covenant, a box in which the presence of God was believed to be found, and which had been carried into battles, its power helping the armies to great victories. This great Temple of Solomon survived intact for many years, until it was destroyed in 597BC in a war with Bablyon. The Temples treasures were removed. The Ark of the Covenant disappeared and many still search for it today hoping perhaps to find a direct link to God himself. The Temple was rebuilt by Herod and according to Christians was visited by Jesus himself. However, in AD 70 it fell again at the hands of the Romans. Today, all that remains of the great temple is the western wall or is it? There are some who claim that Rosslyn Chapel is a scaled-down model of the temple which Herod rebuilt. Not only that, but some also claim that some of the treasures lost when the temple was destroyed were brought from the land of Israel to find a home in Midlothian. 23

24 Perhaps Rosslyn Chapel is a living reminder of what the great temple in Jerusalem once looked like. Perhaps it too once held treasures beyond imagination. Could Rosslyn be the resting place of the holiest objects of the Israelites. Could the Ark of the Covenant be here? Would this mean that the presence of God is here in this chapel, in a way where it is present in no other building in the world? Think it through Can a name have power? Should a God help his people to win battles? How might the presence of God be in a box? Why might the builders of Rosslyn have wanted to copy Solomon s Temple? Should the people who look after Rosslyn search it for any treasures? If some very ancient holy object was found at Rosslyn, what do you think the reaction would be? Investigate What features of Rosslyn chapel are thought to be replicas of Solomon s temple? How do some believe the chapel came to be a replica of Solomon s Temple? How do some believe treasures came all the way from Israel to Rosslyn? Where might any hidden treasures be in Rosslyn? Big Questions For many, the possibility of a link between Rosslyn Chapel and Solomon s Temple (and the possible treasures it might contain from that temple) are the biggest and most interesting aspects of Rosslyn s existence. Should more exploration of the chapel be done to see if any of these things are true? What difference would it make if they were found to be false? What difference would it make if this theory is found to be false? 24

25 12 Rosslyn Chapel.and the Knights Templar In Jerusalem, the great Temple lay ruined for many years, as various groups fought to control this holiest of cities. Christians in the West and Islam in the East took, lost and retook this great city over the years. Many died attempting to conquer it or attempting to defend it. In 1118, a group was founded who would be linked to the Temple, Jerusalem and Rosslyn Chapel from that moment on. Hughes de Payens and eight Knights founded the Knights Templar. Though they started off as protectors of those travelling to the Holy Land, they also had an interest in the great buildings of Jerusalem including the great Temple at its heart. Some say that the Templars spent many years excavating the Temple others disagree. However, in 1139 they were granted unheard of powers by the head of the Church, Pope Innocent II. No-one is sure why such extraordinary power was granted so uniquely to these knights; though some believe that this great power was given to them because of what they had found in the great Temple perhaps we will never know. The Knights Templar grew in power, and mighty kings began to fear and distrust them persecuting them and hounding them out of their lands. Many Templar Knights were even burned at the stake defenders of the Christian faith who had now become its terrible victims. As the Knights escaped from mainland Europe it is said by some that as they fled they took their treasures and their secrets... with them. Was Henri St Clair a Templar? Did the Templar s treasures did their powerful secrets find a home and a final resting place somewhere near Rosslyn? 25

26 Think it through Christians and Muslims fought over Jerusalem for many years. Should religious people fight for their beliefs? What might have made the Templars want to excavate the great Temple in Jerusalem? What might they have been looking for? What kinds of powers do you think the Pope would have granted to them? Why do people often fear those who are rich and powerful? What secrets might the Templars have discovered which people might want to know about? How well can you keep a secret? What things do you treasure? Investigate What evidence is there in Rosslyn Chapel that it might have a link with the Knights Templar? What do some believe the Templars might have discovered in Jerusalem? If there are treasures or secrets hidden by the Templars where might they be? Why have they not been discovered yet? Some think the Templars secrets are hidden as symbols in the stone carvings inside the chapel can you suggest which carvings might have symbolic meanings? Rosslyn Chapel lay empty and abandoned for 270 years. If treasure had been hidden there, would it not have been found? Are there still Knights Templar in the 21st Century? Big Questions Suppose that somewhere in the Midlothian area there are hidden treasures and secrets of the Knights Templar. Should these treasures and secrets remain undisturbed? What if any- advantages might there be in revealing them? What if the secrets are frightening, or disappointing, or revealing them would do more harm then good? Should Rosslyn s mysteries remain mysteries for all time? Should all our questions be answered? 26

27 13 Rosslyn Chapel.and the Holy Grail (part1) According to the Christian scriptures, Jesus met with his disciples for one last meal before his arrest and execution. This was known as the last supper. At this meal, which took place at the time of the Jewish Passover, he shared bread and wine and told his disciples all that was about to happen to him. Legend has it that the cup he used at this meal was kept safe by his followers a physical link to the man they believed was the Son of God. This cup, known as the Holy Grail, became the subject of many stories, legends and theories right up to the present day. Some say that this Grail never existed, and that it was just a fairy story made up in the 12th Century by a man named Chretien de Troyes. One story is that the cup was not only the one Jesus drank from at the last supper, but was also used to catch his blood as he died on the cross. Some believe that this Holy Grail fell into the hands of Joseph of Arimathea, a 27

28 relative of Jesus. It is said that Joseph looked after it and passed it on and that the Grail survives to this day. Legends also say that the Grail has mysterious powers. Some say that whoever drinks from it will have everlasting life. Some believe that the Grail travelled from Israel all the way through Europe down through the ages and that it passed from one to another through this time including times when it was guarded by Templar Knights. At the end of its long and complicated travels, some believe that it found its final resting place in Rosslyn Chapel Think it through Why would the cup Jesus used at the last supper be important to his followers? Why might they have caught the blood of Jesus at his crucifixion? Could a cup with the power to give everlasting life really exist? Would you want to live forever? Why do you think stories about the Holy Grail have survived down through the ages? Investigate The Holy Grail features in the legends of King Arthur. What are these legends? What do they claim about the Grail? At what other locations in the world do some claim the Grail can be found? If the Grail was the cup used by Jesus at the last supper, what would such a cup look like? Jewels encrusted? Plain? Who was Joseph of Armimathea? How might he be linked to Rosslyn Chapel and the Holy Grail? Big Questions After all these years, should we still be looking for the Holy Grail How would we know if we had found it? What difference would it make if we had it? What should happen to it if it was discovered? Sold? Placed in a Museum? Placed in a Church? What kinds of tests might scientists and/or religious people want done on it if any? Should we leave it and enjoy the mystery? 28

29 14 Rosslyn Chapel.and the Holy Grail (part 2) This is the famous painting by Leonardo Da Vinci which shows Jesus and his disciples who were all male at the Last Supper. Look carefully at the figure indicated by the arrow. Does this person look male? What does the person on this person s left appear to be doing with his hand? Some say that the person indicated by the arrow is Mary Magdalene a follower of Jesus. She appears to be sitting at the right hand of Jesus a position which suggests that she is very important indeed. The person one her right appears to be drawing his hand across her neck in a sign which suggests an angry cut-throat action. Could Da Vinci be suggesting that this person was Mary Magdalene? Could Da Vinci s painting be designed to suggest that the other disciples were jealous of Mary? Could the positions of Jesus and Mary in this painting suggest the letter M and so further stress her importance? Could the position of Mary in the painting and the disciples jealousy, be explained by the possibility that Mary Magdalene was more than a special disciple of Jesus that she was the wife of Jesus? Some believe that all this may be true and that Da Vinci may have been giving away the true secret of the Holy Grail. It is believed by some that the Holy Grail legends first came to light in France and that the phrase San Graal (Holy Grail) was a mistranslation of Sang Real (Holy Blood). (Though his theory has been disproved by academics in recent years). But some continue to believe that the blood of Jesus was in a sense carried by the Grail because the Grail itself was not a cup, but the bloodline, or descendents, of Jesus himself or perhaps even Mary Magdalene herself 29

30 Some believe that Mary was taken out of Israel after the death of Jesus and even that she had children by Jesus. Some claim that these descendents of Jesus and Mary were protected through the ages that even the Knights Templar had a role as their protectors. Some say that after Mary s death, her body was buried secretly and perhaps even moved several times. Of course, there are also some who say that there is no evidence at all for any of these claims and that they are all just stories people have made up. Does Rosslyn Chapel hold the answer to these questions? Think it through Is there any evidence that Jesus was married? (or not married?) Da Vinci s Last Supper was painted in the 15th Century. Would Da Vinci have known anything about any relationship between Jesus and Mary Magdalene? Would it make any difference if Jesus had been married? If Jesus and Mary did have a child (or children), how many descendents of Jesus could be alive today? The Christian Church is (generally) very opposed to the idea that Jesus was married. Why might this be? If all the stories about Jesus and Mary Magdalene are untrue, why might people have made them up? Investigate If an unidentified body (or bones, or other body relics) were found, how would scientists investigate their possible sources? The carvings in Rosslyn Chapel are said to contain many secret messages. Are there any carvings which might suggest a link with Mary Magdalene? Big Questions Suppose that a mysterious body was found in Roslin Glen. Suppose that through scientific tests it was found that this body was of a woman who probably lived around 2000 years ago. Suppose a genetic link was found between her and people living in Israel at the time of Jesus would this prove that she was Mary Magdalene? Would this prove that she was the wife of Jesus? Would this, in fact, prove anything? 30

31 15 Rosslyn Chapel.and the Earth s energy All over the UK powerful but invisible channelling energy and spiritual power across the land: An energy which can be felt by those in the know which can lead them to places which links places of spiritual importance across the country joining them together with spiritual power. These are called Ley lines, and those who believe in them think that you can map them like any other feature of the earth. Some claim that one such invisible line of energy passes straight through the site of Rosslyn Chapel itself. In fact, they say, that is why it is built where it is. Some claim to feel this line s energy in the chapel itself. Others use things called dowsing rods which they believe pick up this earth energy and can direct them to water, gems and all sorts of other things. Some believe that Rosslyn s existence and many of its important features are linked to these lines of spiritual power. If so there may even link to its name for some believe the particular line of energy which passes through Rosslyn is called the Rose Line, and Rosslyn s name is bound to this line. More than that, some believe that this idea of the rose goes further. They suggest that Mary the Mother of Jesus was known as Mary of the Rose and so the Chapel s name is linked with the name of Mary and her descendents indeed, such people say that the name of the Chapel suggests that the Rose Line or descendents of Mary is what the Chapel is all about. Could the earth give out such energy in regular patterns? Could some be able to experience this energy? Does this physical energy have some kind of spiritual element? Is this the reason why Roslin Chapel is where it is? And what of the link to the Rose? Could this be a link with Mary and her descendents? 31

32 Or is all of this simply superstition ideas, beliefs, claims which can never really be proved or disproved? True or false, the claims are there why should Rosslyn Chapel be one point where such claims are often directed? Think it through Could such lines exist? How could they be proved or disproved? Are those experiencing these lines really feeling something or is it all in their mind? Could some be more sensitive to this kind of energy than others? Can you feel a spiritual force? Do such things have any real existence? Have you ever felt or experienced something which can t be explained? Investigate Find out about this Rose Line and the beliefs attached to it. What other sites in the world does this join Rosslyn to? How does dowsing work? What do the people who believe in it claim? How could you test it scientifically? Should you do so? These Ley lines are all about the earth s energy. What energy does the earth produce? How? How is this usually measured? Does the name Rosslyn really have a link with Rose or the Rose Line? Big Questions For some, this link with spiritual energy is one of Rosslyn s biggest attractions and one of the reasons why they think it is such an important site. If this spiritual energy cannot be shown to exist using scientific methods, does this mean that it doesn t exist? Can everything be proved or disproved by science? Should we use science in this way, or accept that some things may be not be scientifically testable? 32

33 16 Rosslyn Chapel.a treasure in itself So Rosslyn Chapel is full of mystery. It has a long and complicated history. There are many different views about many aspects of its history. There may be symbols in the Chapel which point to secrets as yet undiscovered. Perhaps there are questions which haven t even been asked yet. Perhaps there are answers waiting to be found. Perhaps not. Maybe though, it is the treasure that is Rosslyn Chapel itself which we should be marvelling at. Perhaps we shouldn t concern ourselves too much with strange stories, weird happenings, and mysterious history. Perhaps we shouldn t be concerned with what may lie hidden. Perhaps what we should be interested in is what is there for all to see. A small chapel which has stood the test of time, which has drawn people from all over the world for so many different reasons. A place where workers have spent countless hours of their time creating things which would last for ever, and a place where even today time, energy and commitment are put into preserving this special place for others in the future and for generations to come. Perhaps Rosslyn s major attraction is that it serves to remind us of a different way to approach life a more spiritual way, a way which is more concerned with the whole meaning of our lives than the busy bustling lives we lead in the 21st Century. Perhaps Rosslyn reminds us that there may be more to living than we think that there may be a dimension to life a spiritual dimension which we sometimes overlook at our cost. Perhaps we shouldn t be looking for holy grails, for treasure, for remains of long-dead people no matter who they were. Perhaps we should allow Rosslyn to help us look more closely at ourselves and our own lives. Perhaps it could serve rather like a mirror telling us something about ourselves as human beings what we believe, what we value and how we live our lives in practice. Perhaps its treasure lies not in what it might be, but rather in what it is. 33

34 Think it through Throughout your studies about Rosslyn Chapel, what have you learned about the chapel, other people and yourself? What do you think is the most valuable lesson this place has to teach us? In what ways is it a special place? Where are your special places? What could you do to help preserve the chapel? How has learning about this place affected the way you see your life? Investigate How much does it cost to preserve Rosslyn Chapel each year and how is this money raised? What is being done at the chapel to preserve it for the future? What possible threats are there to the Chapel building and how are these being responded to? What different people are working to preserve the chapel and how are they doing so? Big Questions Some people might say that looking after an old building isn t worth the money and that such money could be better spent on other things. Others think that looking after places like Rosslyn is something very important and which can benefit us all. What do you think? How might the world be a better world because of the existence of places like Rosslyn Chapel? What have you learned from Rosslyn Chapel? 34

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