TV,K/sile. Da'ce: Name: SNOW PACKET #1 Social Studies ' -

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1 TV,K/sile Name: Da'ce: SNOW PACKET #1 Social Studies ' - Create an illustrated dictionary entry for the following terms: CIVILIZATION, SOCIETY, and DOMESTICATION. Write the definition in your own words, include a picture (include color), and write the word in a sentence. 1. Civilization: A complex culture that can produce a surplus of food, establish large towns with a government, and has people who perform different jobs. Ex: The Nile River was the site of one of the 1 5t civilizations, because it was a great source of water.

2 2. Society: a community of people who share a common culture. ex: Nomad society consisted of hunter-gatherers. 3. Domestication: process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans. ex: Size and form in some animals have been modified by domestication.

3 Suppose that you are a social scientist. During a trip to Africa, you discover a rock painting created by prehistoric humans. You must record your findings so that social scientists can continue to improve our understanding of prehistoric humans. Use your "detective" skills to complete all parts of this report. Archaeologist Discovery Report Name of Social Scientist: Date of Discovery: Location of Discovery: Fa hi. Tanzania What colors, shapes, and materials are used in this artwork? - What emotion does this artwork communicate to you? From your study of the artwork, what hypothesis can you make about prehistoric humans? Label details in the image that support your hypothesis. Explain how these details support your hypothesis. From your study of the artwork, what questions do you have about prehistoric humans? Chapte, Teather: --urricuiurr INNIFIE

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5 }t.. ' ' '. - At 14" ''t :' TRANSLATE EACH PHRASE OR SENTENCE PROM ENGLISH TO CUNEIFORM USWG THE CHART O THE FRONT OF THIS SHEET. 1. Welcome to Mesopotamia 2. Cuneiform Make up a sentence of your own using cuneiform; translate the sentence in to English.

6 Name Class Date China Biography c <kin- WHY HE MADE HISTORY Genghis Khan was the most famous Mongol emperor. He united the Mongol tribes, organized armies, and led campaigns that extended the Mongol Empire throughout Asia. As you read the biography below, think about how Genghis Khan's organizational skills and leadership helped him organize nomadic tribes and form an empire. The name Genghis Khan usually makes us think of a fierce and ruthless warrior who spread fear throughout Asia. However, there is much more to Genghis Khan. Ambitious and determined, he was also an extremely intelligent and disciplined organizer. Genghis Khan had a persuasive personality that helped him attract supporters, even among the people he conquered. Known to be flexible and adaptable, he would listen to advice from others, such as his mother, his wife, and men from other cultural backgrounds. Putting aside his fearsome reputation, we must recognize the extent of Genghis Khan's achievements. He established the Mongol nation, organized an imposing army, and led military campaigns. He was responsible for founding the great Mongol Empire, which became the largest and greatest land empire to ever exist. Genghis Khan was born with the name Temujin. He was chief of a small Mongol tribe. At this time the Mongol tribes were nomadic, disorganized, and at war among themselves. Temujin created an army and conquered the different tribes which he united Bettmann/CORBIS VOCABULARY nomadic roams from place to place feudal system political system of landlords and tenants who serve them catapult military machine for throwing missiles 7,77477,m7.7.7,77:117rftwm-mr. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 5 China

7 Name Class, Date Genghis Khan, continued Biography into a confederacy under a kind of feudal system. Temujin exterminated the nobility and eliminated any rivals. In 1206 he was named Genghis Khan, which means "universal ruler." With a unified nation, Genghis Khan could now turn to the conquest of neighboring lands. The army was disciplined, well equipped, and fiercely loyal. Made up exclusively of cavalry at the beginning, the army adopted new methods such as using catapults, ladders, and burning oil in order to effectively attack cities. City after city was conquered and destroyed until Genghis Khan's empire extended from the Korean Peninsula in the east to the Black Sea in the west. Genghis Khan died in 1227, but not before naming one of his sons as his successor and guaranteeing the obedience of his other sons. By leaving an organized army and a strong nation, Genghis Khan made it possible for his successors to continue Mongol conquests until the largest continental empire to exist in medieval or modern times was formed. WHAT DID YOU LEARN? 1. Identify What were some of Genghis Khan's achievements? 2. Draw a Conclusion How did Genghis Khan make sure that the empire would continue to grow after his death? ACTIVITY Imagine that you are Genghis Khan and you are trying to decide who will be your successor. Write down five characteristics, in order of importance, that you think your successor should have. Explain why the characteristic you listed as number one is the most important. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 6 China

8 Name Class Date The keilaissance and the Refoimatioo, suovdpiciger- # Literature Protestapt Hymils by Dr. Martin Luther ABOUT THE READING In the early 1500s Martin Luther challenged many Catholic practices. His protests marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation and of the Lutheran Church. Among Luther's beliefs was that all Christians should be able to understand religious teachings on their own. To encourage this, he wrote many religious hymns and placed great importance in singing as a part of worship. VOCABULARY hymns songs of praise lowly ordinary bestow give perils dangers betide happen to As you read the hymns below, think about why they might help people understand religious teachings. From Heaven Above to Earth I Come From heaven above to earth I come To bear good news to every home; Glad tidings of great joy I bring, Whereof I now will say and sing: To you this night is born a child Of Mary, chosen virgin mild; This little child, of lowly birth, Shall be the joy of all the earth. This is the Christ, our God and Lord, Who in all need shall aid afford; He will Himself your Savior be From all your sins to set you free. What is this hymn about? Why are the words Himself and His capitalized? He will on you the gifts bestow Prepared by God for all below, That in His kingdom, bright and fair, You may with us His glory share. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 10 The Renaissance and the Reformation

9 Name Class Date Pvetestant Hymns, continued Literature We All Believe in One True God We all believe in one true God, Who created earth and heaven, The Father, who to us in love Hath the right of children given. He both soul and body feedeth, All we need He doth provide us; He through snares and perils leadeth, Watching that no harm betide us. He careth for us day and night, All things are governed by His might. Thou Who Art Three in Unity Thou who art Three in unity, True God from all eternity, The sun is fading from our sight, Shine Thou on us with heavenly light. We praise Thee with the dawning day, To Thee at even also pray; With our poor song we worship Thee Now, ever, and eternally. Underline the words in this hymn that are examples of Old English. "Three in Unity" refers to the trinity of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. The world even here refers to an Old English term, eventide, or evening. ANALYZING LITERATURE 1. Main Idea What is the main focus of the hymns? 2. Critical Thinking: Making Inferences Why do you think singing these hymns during a religious service was important to Martin Luther? 3. Activity Imagine that you are a music critic and had just heard these hymns for the first time. Write a paragraph in which you critique each hymn and decide which one will make the religious music charts. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 11 The Renaissance and the Reformation

10 Vin, 5,5 S OW, ttr Name Class Date The Renaissance and the R.efonnation Johann Gutenberg c Bi graphy, WHY HE MADE HISTORY Johann Gutenberg invented a form of printing that remains in use with only a few changes today. As you read the biography below, think about how Johann Gutenberg's inventiveness helped him create a new method of printing that continued until modern times. Johann Gutenberg was a German metal craftsman and inventor. Gutenberg was born in Mainz, Germany, into a patrician family. Gutenberg's family was wealthy enough that he could pursue things that interested him. As a young man, Gutenberg received training as a goldsmith. He also developed skills in metalworking and gem cutting. Gutenberg also taught crafts to many students. Gutenberg was forced to leave Mainz because of problems between the patricians and the guilds. He moved to Strassburg where he continued to practice his crafts and to teach. Eventually Gutenberg was able to move back to Mainz. Using his metalworking skills, Gutenberg began working on a secret invention. He finally completed it sometime in the 1450s. The invention was a new printing method using movable metal type, special inks, and other changes. Gutenberg's invention had elements that had never been used in the printing process. In fact, Gutenberg's method was so advanced that it continues to be used with few changes today. Austrian Archives/CORBIS VOCABULARY patrician person from a noble or leading family guild association of craftsmen or merchants Copyright 0 by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 6 The Renaissance and the Reformation

11 Name Class Date Johann Gutenberg, continued Biography Gutenberg's new printing method made it possible to reproduce religious works without losing their color and design. In fact, Gutenberg is known for printing several religious works using his new method. The most important was the Gutenberg Bible, also known as the Forty- two -Line Bible or Mazarin Bible. The Gutenberg Bible was the first complete book printed in the West. It is also the first major work printed with metal movable type. Originally about 180 copies of the Bible were printed. Only about 47 copies still exist. WHAT DID YOU LEARN? 1. Identify What was Johann Gutenberg's invention? 2. Evaluate Why was Gutenberg's invention important for religious writings? ACTIVITY 3. Johann Gutenberg was interested in reproducing religious writings. If you were a printer, what kind of writing or material would you like to print? Explain your choice. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 7 The Renaissance and the Reformation