Church. History. Equipping God s people. Grace Bible College. for ministry in the church and mission to the world I.

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1 R A C I S A L O P A K L quipping od s people race ible College Church A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) Year Period I. The arly Church Lesson 1. Apostolic Church Lesson 2. Roman Persecution Lesson 3. The Holy Roman mpire II. The Middle Ages History Lesson 4. yzantine Christianity Lesson 5. Supremacy of the Papacy Lesson 6. awn of nlightenment Present III. Reformation & Revival Lesson 7. Age of the Reformation Lesson 8. Age of Reason Lesson 9. Revivals & Missions Present Lesson 10. Rise of enominationalism Page 1

2 quipping od s people R A C I S A L O P A K L A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) Lesson 5. Supremacy of the Papacy ( ) quipping od s people R A C I S A L O P A K L A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) C. The Crusades. A. The reat Schism, Two Catholic Churches. (1054) 1 What? 10 or 11 major & minor military campaigns. 1 Western - loyal to Rome, Latin mass, icons. 2 astern - loyal to Constantinople, reek mass, iconoclasts. 2 When? uring the Middle Ages, from A.. Rising Papal Power. 1 Rome, Capital of the Church. When Rome lost her place as capital of the world by the founding of Constantinople, she began to assert her right to be the capital of the church. 2 Pope regory VII s dict. (1075) The popes took the place of the Roman emperors as the rulers of Italy and later assumed the power to crown and depose the kings of urope: it may be permitted to him to depose emperors and absolve subjects from their loyalty to wicked men. 2 Salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ was gradually replaced by salvation through obedience to the Pope. Submission to the pope, confession and absolution of sins by the priest, penance, good works, etc.. 3 Who? The Catholic church, sometimes with the help of various kings, under the direction of the Pope. 4 Why? To restore access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem and make them Catholic crusader-states. 5 How were people recruited? The Pope told Catholics that joining a crusade would repay od for their sins. Catholics were told that those who died on a crusade would go directly to heaven without going to purgatory. 6 How were the crusades funded? Partly through the sale of indulgences (i.e. pay money to get time taken off from your stay in purgatory)... by those who didn t go. Page 2 Page 3

3 quipping od s people R A C I S A L O P A K L A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) C The History of Jerusalem Jerusalem named Salem by Melchizedek Jerusalem was occupied by King avid. 960 King Solomon built the first Temple. 918 Jerusalem was occupied by Pharaoh Shishak. 701 Assyrian Siege by Sennacherib. 587 estruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar. 332 Jerusalem surrendered to the Macedonians. 63 Jerusalem was captured by Pompey. A 70 estruction of Temple by Titus. 636 Capitulation of Jerusalem to Omar the Khalif Jerusalem ruled by Turkomans First Crusade conquered Jerusalem Moslems under Saladin reconquered Jerusalem Frederick II obtained Jerusalem by treaty truce Turkish conquest of Jerusalem Jerusalem surrendered to the ritish troops. quipping od s people R A C I S A L O P A K L A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) Summary of the Crusades. ( A) 1 First Crusade ( ). Pope Urban II called upon all Catholics to join a war against the Turks to capture Jerusalem, Jerusalem was captured and several small crusaderstates were created. One was named the Kingdom of Jerusalem. 2 Second Crusade ( ). After a period of relative peace in which Christians and Muslims co-existed in the Holy Land, Muslims conquered the town of dessa. French and erman armies, under the Kings Louis VII and Conrad III respectively, marched to Jerusalem in 1147 but were defeated. 3 Third Crusade ( ). In 1187, Saladin, the Sultan of gypt captured Jerusalem. Pope regory VIII called for a crusade which was undertaken by King Richard I of ngland (Richard the Lionheart), Holy Roman mporer Frederick I, and King Philip II of France. They defeated the Muslims near Arsuf and were in sight of Jerusalem. However, due to an inadequate food and water supply, the crusade ended without the taking of Jerusalem. Richard left the following year after establishing a truce with Saladin. Results in a truce which gives Christians access to Jerusalem and the Holy Places This crusade is sometimes referred to as the King s Crusade. 4 Fourth Crusade (1204). Initiated by Pope Innocent III, with the intention of invading the Holy Land through gypt. ecause the Crusaders lacked the funds the leaders decided to go to Constantinople, where they sacked the city. 5 Albigensian Crusade ( ). Crusade to eliminate a gnostic group in southern France called the Cathars. A force of about 30,000 Crusaders arrived at the city of eziers, which contained many Cathars and Catholics. When the soldiers asked the Papal Legate how to distinguish the orthodox from the heretics, he said, kill them all, god knows his own. veryone in the town was killed (~20,000), some while taking refuge in the church. The Crusaders wanted to go home, but were ordered by the Pope to continue until the whole South of France was controlled and all Cathars were dead. In 1210, they attacked the fortress at Minerv and built the first great bonfire of heretics - beginning a practice that would continue in the Inquisition of burning heretics at the stake. Page 4 Page 5

4 quipping od s people R A C I S A L O P A K L A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) Children s Crusade (1212). A boy, from either France or ermany, said that Jesus had visited him, and told him to peacefully convert Muslims to Christianity. Following this vision, many children formed bands, and marched to Italy. Various stories say that they were put onto ships which either capsized in a storm, or which went to Morocco, where the children were sold into slavery. The historical validity of these events however is in question. 7 Fifth Crusade (1217). Pope regory IX pushed Frederick II into leading the Fifth Crusades. The Church tried another crusade to attack the Holy Land. A crusading force from Hungary, Austria, and avaria captured amietta, a city in gypt, in The crusaders had to surrender, due to a losing the battle for Cairo.. 8 Sixth Crusade ( ). mperor Frederick II had repeatedly vowed a crusade but failed to live up to his words, for which he was excommunicated by Pope regory IX in He nonetheless set sail from rindisi, landed in Palestine, and through diplomacy he achieved unexpected success: Jerusalem, Nazareth, and ethlehem were delivered to the crusaders for a period of ten years. This was the first Crusade that had no Papal involvement. The Pope eventually lifted the excommunication. 9 Seventh Crusade ( ). The crusader army and its edouin mercenaries were outnumbered by aibars force of Khwarezmian tribesmen and were completely defeated within forty-eight hours. This battle is considered by many historians to have been the death nail to the Christian States. 10 ighth Crusade (1270). Organized by Louis IX, to help the Crusader states in Syria. However, the crusade was diverted to Tunis, where Louis spent only two months before dying. 11 Ninth Crusade (1271). efore he was the king, dward I of ngland started a crusade, but retired the following year after a truce. The crusader-states lost everything after this. quipping od s people R A C I S A L O P A K L A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) The Waldensians (Late 1170 s). 1 Founder: 2 Primary Areas: Still exist today in Italy, South America, US & ermany. 3 eliefs in Conflict with Catholic Teaching: Lay preaching. Waldo, rich merchant of Lyons, France; took Mt 19:21 literally. Strict adherence to the ible. Imputed righteousness (not works righteousness). Called purgatory invention of the Antichrist 4 Third Lateran Council (1179). Called ignorant laymen & forbidden to preach Waldensians reject edict and were excomunicated 5 Synod of Toulouse (1229). Forbid laity to possess the Scriptures. Page 6 Page 7

5 quipping od s people R A C I S A L O P A K L A Ministry of race Community Church 872 Clearfield Ave, Chesapeake VA (757) F. A elieving Remnant. 1 Where were the true believers? Some of it was within the Roman fold, where the elect heard Christ s voice above the cry of false shepherds (erstner). e.g. Thomas Aquinas? ( ) The Imitation of Christ 2 Is remaining in the Catholic Church a good option for non-conforming Catholics today? No. There are better options/churches today that were not available in the Middle Ages. Page 8

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