1. What is the term for what the Hindus believe is the single God in the universe?

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2 IV. SOCIETY IN ANCIENT INDIA A. The Caste System 1. What did the caste system determine for a person in India? 2. List the five major castes AND the types of jobs they would do. B. The Family in Ancient India 1. In what ways was Indian society patriarchal? V. HINDUISM 1. What is the term for what the Hindus believe is the single God in the universe? 2. How do Hindus believe you reach union with this single God? VI. BUDDHISM 1. Who was the founder of Buddhism? A. The Story of Buddha 1. Who was the Buddha before he gave up everything to pursue the basic principles of Buddhism? B. The Basic Principles of Buddhism 1. What parts of Hinduism did the Buddha agree with AND what parts did he disagree with? 2. According to the Buddha, how does one reach nirvana?

3 Due Date: I. THE GEOGRAPHY OF CHINA Name: Chapter3 Reading Guide/Study Guide Section Three Early Chinese Civilizations (pages 88-97) 1. Between which two rivers will you find one of the greatest food-producing areas of the ancient world? 2. How much of China s land is arable (farmable), compared to the United States? 2. How have mountains and deserts along the Chinese border affected China, and other parts of Asia? II. THE SHANG DYNASTY 1. The beginning of China s civilization is dated at the beginning of which relatively little-known dynasty? 2. Who ruled over the mostly farming society of ancient China? A. Political and Social Structures 1. What powers did the Shang kings have, and how was China ruled under them? 2. How did the Shang attempt to communicate with supernatural forces? 3. Describe the social structure of China during the Shang dynasty. Shang king C. Religion and Culture Under Merchants and Slaves the Shang 1. Why did the Chinese believe that it is important to treat the spirits of family ancestors well and pay them respect? 2. Which art form is the Shang dynasty best known for mastering?

4 III. THE ZHOU DYNASTY 1. Why did the ruler of the Chinese state of Zhou lead a revolt against the last Shang ruler? A. Political Structure 1. Was the Zhou dynasty s political system much different from the Shang s? B. The Mandate From Heaven 1. According to the Mandate from Heaven, how what was a king responsible for? 2. According to the Mandate from Heaven, under what conditions could a king be overthrown? C. The Fall of the Zhou 1. Why did territories rebel against the late Zhou rulers? E. Life During the Zhou Dynasty and Economic and Political Growth 1. What invention allowed Chinese farmers to grow crops on lands they had not previously been able to? 2. How large did the population of China grow due to these inventions? 3. What was one of the most important items of trade in ancient China? F. The Family in Ancient China 1. Why was it important for sons and daughters to place the needs of the family before their own desires? 2. Describe the role of women in China. G. The Chinese Written Language 1. The Chinese language developed during the Shang is a lot like Egyptian hieroglyphics. Describe it.

5 I. THE CHIN DNASTY Chapter 3 Reading Guide/Study Guide Section Four Rise and Fall of Chinese Empires (pages ) (what is a dynasty?) 1. Describe the Qin (CHIN) Dynasty s rise to power: Defeated all rivals in a civil war that lasted from about to B.C. (200 Years!) The First Chin Emperor : Name: A. Changes Under the Qin Dynasty 1. Describe how the Qin radically changed the Chinese government: Adopted this official ideology: What happened to those who opposed this change? or. Books that disagreed with this ideology were in public. 2. Describe how the Qin created a central bureaucracy (a government with a national, state, and local government). One QIN regime, divided into three parts: (what is a regime?) 1st. 3. Identify ways the Qin Dynasty unified China: Provincial Offices (State Governments) Counties (Local Governments) 2nd. Defended China s borders, provided security and order. 3rd. Inspectors who made sure officials did their jobs. Those guilty of misconduct got their heads chopped. Created a single : one kind of cash that is used everywhere in China. Built a system of throughout the empire: like a modern highway system. Dug a that connected two of Chinese major cities Chang Jiang to Guangzhou 4. Overall, do you think the Qin Dynasty were good or bad rulers? Explain: B. The Great Wall 1. Why did they build it? C. The Fall of the Qin After the death First Qin Emperor, what happened to China?

6 II) THE HAN DYNASTY 1. Briefly describe the Han Dynasty: One of the greatest and most dynasties in Chinese history. Founded by (LYOH BONG) Peasant who became the emperor of China A. Political Structure 1. Identify which changes were made to Chinese political system by the Han. Harsh policies of the Qin were discarded. principles, rather than Legalism, became the basis for a new state philosophy. 2. Identify which elements of the Qin government the Han did not change: Kept the division of the central government into three ministries Civil Service, Military, Censorate Kept the system of local government that divided China into provinces and counties. Kept the system of choosing officials on the basis of (ability/talent). Introduced the examination. Established a school to train candidates. Trained in to learn the teachings of, as well as Chinese history and law. 3. How successful was the Han Dynasty s government? Measure it by the population it was able to sustain: Growth from an estimated million to over at the height of the empire. B. Technology in the Han Empire 1. List the technological improvements of the Han Dynasty and explain their impact: Water mills for grinding grain. Iron casting led to the invention of. Paper for record keeping, publishing, and art. Rudder and ships could sail into the wind for the first time. Made it possible for Chinese ships to carry goods throughout SE Asia and the Indian Ocean Trade relations established with India and the Mediterranean. C. The Fall of the Han Empire 1. Identify the reasons the Han Dynasty collapsed: The power of the central government began to. Official corruption and the growing number of poor tenant farmers led to widespread. raids on Chinese territory continued to the North.