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2 REVIEW ARTICLE Global Impact Factor (GIF) (2013) CHIKITSA SIDDHANT OF ANUKTA VYADHIS (UNKNOWN DISEASES) Vaidya Asmita Amrut, 1 Kewat Sheela Rajaram, 2 Niraj Mandod, 3 Mahesh Vyas 4 1. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Samhita Siddhant, Mahatma Jyotiba Phoole Ayurvedic college & hospital, Jaipur, India. Mobile No , id: asmi3ayu@gmail.com 2. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Kriya Sharira, Mahatma Jyotiba Phoole Ayurvedic college & hospital, Jaipur, India. 3. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Samhita Siddhant, G.J. Patel Institute of Ayurvedic Studies & Research, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujrat, India. 4. Professor, Dept. of Samhita Siddhant, I. P G. T. & R. A., Gujrat Ayurveda University, Jamnagar, India. Article Received on - 30 th June 2014 Article Revised on - 6 th July 2014 Article Revised on - 10 th July 2014 Article Revised on - 27 th Aug 2014 Article Accepted on - 2 nd Sept 2014 All articles published in IJAAM are peer-reviewed and can be downloaded, printed and distributed freely for non commercial purpose (see copyright notice below). (Full Text Page IJAAM This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( which permits unrestricted non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

3 REVIEW ARTICLE CHIKITSA SIDDHANT OF ANUKTA VYADHIS (UNKNOWN DISEASES) *Corresponding Author Vaidya Asmita Amrut Assistant Professor, Dept. of Samhita Siddhant, Mahatma Jyotiba Phoole Ayurvedic college & hospital, Jaipur, India. Mobile No , id: QR Code IJAAM ABSTRACT: Many times, practitioners may face difficulty in diagnosing the disease properly due to amalgamation of various symptoms in a single disease or due to the symptoms of that disease which fail to match with specific disease. These types of diseases which are not mentioned in Samhita Granthas are stated as Aunkta Vyadhi. It is very difficult to mention each & every disease in Samhitas, also as the time passed many Vyadhis are newly formed. So the question arises that how to treat these kinds of Vyadhis which are not mentioned in Samhita-granths. No doubt that practitioners are very good in treating such Vyadhis by just following a simple Siddhant i.e. Rogastu Dosha-Vaishamya, Dosha-Samyam Arogyata. Hence an attempt is made here to throw light on Chikitsa Siddhant of Anukta Vyadhis. Key Words: Aunkta Vyadhi, Chikitsa Siddhant, Dosha-Vaishamya INTRODUCTION Samhita Granthas are blended with many diseases with their symptoms & proper line of treatment. But by considering the Anektva [1] (innumerable) of the Vyadhis it is not possible to formulate & mention symptoms & treatment of every disease. Hence Acharyas have stated Anukta Vyadhis [2] & their Chikitsa Siddhanta which helps practitioners in their practise. Furthermore as time passed, human-beings are coming across various newly formed diseases, these kinds of diseases can also be treated by considering Chikitsa Siddhanta which is mentioned for Anukta Vyadhis by Acharyas. Hence the attempt is made here to elaborate Chikitsa Siddhanta of Anukta Vyadhi which may help while doing practise. MATERIALS & METHODS All available authentic books viz. Samhitas & their respective commentaries have been referred for this literary work. Discussion is mainly based on conceptual part & the effort is made to draw a final conclusion which again depends upon discussion. CONCEPTUAL REVIEW In conceptual part it is necessary that to have knowledge about Asamkheytva of Vyadhis, Anukta Vyadhis, Tridoshas & Samprapti in the formation of diseases & Guna- Dosha Sambandha. Hence conceptual review is divided into four parts as follows. Literary review on Asamkheytva of Vyadhis All Acharyas believe that the disease is nothing but the arrival of pain in the body or mind. [1] As per concerning this definition of disease, one can say that the disease is numerable. Disease is only one, as pain is common in all diseases. This is the Ekatva of the Vyadhi. But according to Acharya Charaka diseases are innumerable due to difference in their Prakriti, Adhishthana, Linga & Aayatana which are emphasized in following table. [1] Page20 Table no 1- Four reasons for Anekatva of Vyadhi Reasons Meaning Examples Prakriti The Pratyasann Hetu (internal factor) Doshas Adhishthana Where the Doshas get settled Dushyas or Avayavas Linga Symptoms Aayatana Bahya-Hetu (external factors) Etiological factors

4 These factors make the diseases innumerable. But Acharya Sushruta believes that it is the different combinations of Dosha, Dhatu and Malas which is responsible for the variation in the diseases. [3] By narrating both the quotation, it is clear that the Vyadhis are innumerable & are having involvement of Doshas with Dushyas followed by specific Adhishthana (Sthanasamshraya) due to the influence of variety of Nidanas (etiological factors). Literary review on Anukta Vyadhis As diseases are innumerable, it is not possible to mention each & every disease with their symptoms & their treatments. Hence in Samhita Granthas, the concept of Anukta Vyadhi has come at various places to fulfil this lacuna. Among that some of the references are given here to emphasize the topic in detail. Charakacharya has introduced briefly about Anukta Vyadhi in Chikitsa Sthana 30. After mentioning treatment of a variety of important diseases in Chikitsasthana, at the end Charakacharya has stated following quotation. Due to the fear of expansion of the Samhita, all the diseases are not mentioned here so the diseases which are not given in this Samhita, one can treat those diseases according to Doshas. [2] Acharya Sushruta has also given similar sort of explanation for Anukta Vyadhi & has stated it as follows, not a single disease is formed without an involvement of Doshas hence sharp practitioner should treat the Anukta Vyadhi by narrating the Lakshanas of Doshas. [4] Literary review on Tridoshas & Samprapti in the occurrence of diseases All the Acharyas are of the opinion that in all diseases Vata, Pitta and Kapha are the roots; [3] & Acharya Sushruta has proved it by using three Pramanas in following way. [3] 1. Anumana Pramana- Tad-lingattvat - No Vyadhi is there which is devoid of the Lakshanas of Doshas.Even the Anukta Vyadhi is treated by observing the Doshaja Lakshanas. 2. Pratyaksha Pramana- Drishta-phalatvat - It is Pratyakshagamya that Vyadhi which occurs, having the similar Hetu- Lakshana- Aushadha to that of Dosha. Examples are given below in tubular form. 3. Aptopadesha- Ved, Jyotisha, Upanishada, Yogashastra also mentioned that Tridosha is Karana of Vyadhi. Table no 2 - Vyadhis & Tridoshas sharing same Trividha-Hetu-Samgraha Trividha-Hetu- samgraha Example Related Dosha Vyadhi Hetu (Etiological factors) Atisnigdhahara Kapha Prameha Linga (Symtoms) Daha Pitta Prameha Aushadha (Treatment) Sneha Ushna Mardana Vata Sandhishoola Furthermore Vyadhi is a one sort of Dosha- Vaishamya [5] i.e. imbalance of Doshas. So, one can treat diseases by correcting Doshavaishamya. Acharya Charaka has mentioned that Doshas are having three kinds of Gatis which are mentioned as follows in tabular form. [6] Table no 3- Trividha Dosha-Gati Trividha Gatis Meaning of these Gatis Avastha of Doshas Kshaya Gati Quantity or quality or both are decreased Vikrita-Avastha (imbalance) Vriddhi Gati Quantity or quality or both are increased Sthana Gati Doshas are with proper quantity & quality Prakrita-Avastha (equilibrium) This Vikrita Avastha is same as Dosha-Vaishamya which give rise to Vyadhis. Now what are the Lakshanas of these Vaishamya in the form of Table no 4- Two types of Dosha-vaishamya Vriddhi & Kshaya are mentioned in following table. [7] Page21 Dosha-Vaishamya Lakshana of Dosha-Vaishamya Examples Dosha Kshaya Decrease of the Prakrita Karma Vatakshaya causes Alpa-Bhashana (Vakapravriti is the Karma of Udana-Vayu) Increase of Virodhaka Karma Kaphakshaya causes Nidra-naasha Dosha Vriddhi Increase in Prakrita Karma Pitta-vriddhi causes excessive burning (Daha is the Prakrita Karma of Pitta) Literary review on Guna- Dosha Sambandha Gunas i.e. the qualities of Dravyas are responsible for the Karmas which are created by Doshas. Therefore Dosha-Kshaya & Vriddhi are due to the Karma-Vishamata of Doshas which is again depending on Gunas of Doshas. This Guna- Dosha

5 Sambandha can be better comprehended by Pradhanya & Vikalpa Samprapti which is mentioned by Acharyas in following manner. Pradhanya Samprapti- Pradhanya Samprapti is quantitative or qualitative or both quantitative & qualitative rise or decrease in Doshas. [8] This is stated by Tara & Tama Bhavas of Doshas. Acharya Charaka has mentioned 63 types of Doshas in Sutra Sthana 17 which are also examples of Pradhanya Samprapti. Now taking an example of Pradhanya Samprapti in which Vata Dosha is Sama (equilibrium of Vata Dosha), Pitta is Ksheena (decreased) & Kapha Dosha is Vriddha (increased), this can be formulated in following manner for better understanding. [9] Table no 5- Tara Tama Bhava of Doshas Tara-Tamata of Doshas Symptoms produced Reasoning behind the symptoms produced by Doshas Vata Sama Ruja Here, increased Kapha & decreased Pitta causing Pitta Ksheena Sheetata Guruta & Sheetata in body respectively. But Sama Kapha Vriddha Gaurav Vata gets accumulated at the place of Ksheena Pitta to generate pain. In above example Chikitsa should be mainly for Kapha Dosha & Pitta Dosha. Here Ushna & Tikshna Dravyas have to be given for reduction of increased Kapha Dosha & for increasing reduced Pitta Dosha. Vikalpa Samprapti- Vikalpa Samprapti is Amshamsha Vriddhi-Kshaya of Dosha. [10] Amshas are nothing but minute factors from which these Doshas are formed. Doshas are formed by Gunas. These Gunas (qualities) of Doshas are the minute factors which are known as Amsha. This can be made easier by an example of Vata Dosha. Vata Dosha is having Ruksha, Sheeta, Laghu, Sushma, Chala, Vishad & Khara Gunas. [11] These Gunas are Amsha of Vata Dosha. In Vikalpa Samprapti, when one says that, Vata Dosha is increased then one have to mention that Vata is increased by its which Gunas, it is increased by Ruksha Guna or whether it is increased by Sheeta Guna. DISCUSSION Anukta is the term comprises of two words i.e. Ana & Ukta. Ana denotes Nakaratmakata whereas Ukta means something which is mentioned. Hence the clear meaning of Anukta is, one which is not mentioned. Therefore the Anukta Vyadhis are those Vyadhis which are not described by Acharyas. Even though everyone knows that diseases are the amalgamation of Doshas itself. But Nidanas, Sthanasamshraya etc. are the factors which cause generation of various diseases. Pradhanya Samprapti (Dosha Pradhanata) in Vyadhi- Here 2 examples are given to elaborate the concept of Pradhanya Samprapti in detail. Uccharaktachap- By considering Pradhanya Samprapti in Uccharaktachap, mainly Pitta Dosha & Vata Dosha are increased. Hence the treatment has to be Pittavata Shamaka. Commonly Sutashekar is used to treat Uccharaktachap which is Pitta Shamaka. Also some Anulomaka Dravyas are given for Vatanulomana. Virechana is also said to be done as the Shodhana Chikitsa in Uccharaktachap. All these Chikitsa based on Pradhanya Samprapti. Hyperlipidemia- In Hyperlipidemia, Meda-dhatugata Kapha Dosha is increased which can be treated by simple Trifala Churna or similar kind of Dravyas having lekhana property along with Vamana for the Shodhana of Kapha Dosha. Therefore Tara-Tama Vriddhi & Kshaya of Doshas of Pradhanya Samprapti are very important while doing Chikitsa. Vikalpa Samprapti (Dosha- Amshamsha Kalpana) in Vyadhi- Vikalpa Samprapti is based on Gunas of Doshas. These Doshas produce their symptoms in the form of Karmas according to their Gunas. Hence some of the Gunas & Karmas of Doshas in the formation of diseases are tabulated below for better understanding. Page22

6 Table no 6- Gunas & Karmas of Doshas showing Vikalpa Samprapti Doshas Gunas Karmas Adhishthana Vyadhi Chala Chalata Hasta Hasta-kampa Vata Dosha Ruksha Rukshana Karma Twacha Twaka-Rukshata Sheeta Sthambhana Karma Urupradesha Urusthambha Ushna Daha Sarvanga Osha Pitta Dosha Drava Dravta Aamashaya Amlapitta Visra Putigandha Mukha Putimukhata Guru Gaurava Udara Udara-Gaurava Kapha Dosha Snigdha Snigdhata Hridaya Hridayopalepa Picchila Picchilata Mukha Praseka, Shleshmaudirana These all examples are of Vikalpa Samprapti. Here mainly Guna Vriddhis are mentioned. Apart from this, Gunas Kshaya can be understood by following simple example of Vata Dosha. When Chala Guna of Vata Dosha is decreased, it will give rise to disease like Pakshaghata where one can see diminished body movements. Hence Chikitsa of Anukta Vyadhi can be done by narrating Gunas of Doshas through Vikalpa Samprapti. CONCLUSION Anukta Vyadhi can be treated by correcting Doshavaishamya. This Dosha-vaishamya is due to the qualities (Gunas) of impaired Doshas. These impaired Doshas by their Gunas create harmful Karmas in the body which are named as disease. Therefore, when practitioner failed to identify the disease exactly, that time Chikitsa can be done by correcting Gunas of impaired Doshas. Here Pradhanya Samprapti & Vikalpa Samprapti plays very important role in treating Dosha-vaishamya. In this way, Chikitsa of unknown or newly formed diseases or the known diseases which are not following classical symptoms become easier. REFERENCES 1. Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Commentary, edited by Yadhavaji trivikramji Acharya, Sutrasthana 20-3, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi reprint 2009, p Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Commentary, edited by Yadhavaji trivikramji Acharya, Chikitsasthana, Chakrapani Tika , Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi reprint 2009, p Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, comm. of Dalhana, Nibandhasamgraha, Sutrasthana 24-8, Ed by Vd. Jadhavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, reprint 2009, p Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita, comm. of Dalhana, Nibandhasamgraha, Sutrasthana 35-19, Ed by Vd. Jadhavji Trikamji Acharya, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, reprint 2009, p Vagbhata, Ashtanga Hridaya, comm. of Arundatta and Hemadri, Sarvangasundari and Ayurved Rasayana, Sutrasthana 1-19, edi. By P.V.Sharma, Hemadri, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, reprint 2005, p Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Commentary, edited by Yadhavaji trivikramji Acharya, Sutrasthana , Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi reprint 2009, p Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Commentary, edited by Yadhavaji trivikramji Acharya, Sutrasthana 18-52, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi reprint 2009, p Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Commentary, edited by Yadhavaji trivikramji Acharya, Nidanasthana , Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi reprint 2009, p Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Commentary, edited by Yadhavaji trivikramji Acharya, Sutrasthana 17-47, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi reprint 2009, p Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Commentary, edited by Yadhavaji trivikramji Acharya, Nidanasthana , Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi reprint 2009, p Agnivesha, Charaka Samhita Chakrapani Commentary, edited by Yadhavaji trivikramji Acharya, Sutrasthana 1-59, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi reprint 2009, p. 16 CITE THIS ARTICLE AS Vaidya Asmita Amrut et.al., Chikitsa Siddhant of Anukta Vyadhis (Unknown Diseases), Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2014;2(4):19-23 Source of Support Nil Conflict of Interest None Declared Page23

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