World History Topic 3 Reading Guide Ancient India and China

Transcription

1 1 World History Topic 3 Reading Guide Ancient India and China Lesson 1: Early Civilization in South China Key Terms Using your text, or write each term in your own words subcontinent plateau monsoon Harappa Mohenjo-Daro veneration acculturation Vedas rajah Indra Brahman mystic

2 2 Text 1: Geography of the Indian Subcontinent Read the first three paragraphs of Geography of the Indian Subcontinent. Then look at the map of India. How does the geography in and around India help to create a separate subcontinent? Use examples of evidence from your Pearson text to support your answer. What are the 3 major regions of India? Using examples from the text, describe how location, climate and/or geography affect life in each of these areas. How do the monsoons affect life in India? Use examples from your text to support your answer. What accounts for the cultural diversity in India? Text 2: The Forgotten Indus Civilization What evidence indicates that Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were planned cities?

3 3 Topic 3; Lesson 1, Text 2 (cont.) Reread the section titled Indus Religious Beliefs. Based on evidence from the text, what does the word polytheistic mean? Cite evidence from the text to support your answer. What animals were venerated (and still are) in the Indian religion? What are the theories that possibly explain the decline of the Indus civilization? Why, according to your textbook, is the decline of the Indus civilization still a mystery? Text 3: Aryan Civilization and the Vedas Compare and contrast the early Indus civilization with the Aryans. Fill out a chart like the one below to help organize your information. Indus Civilization Aryan Civilization

4 4 What factors do you think led to the transition of the Aryan people from nomadic herders to farmers? Cite evidence to support your answer. What factor(s) determined you position in the caste system? Look at the image on the origins of the caste system on p. 66. Why do you think that each body part was chosen to represent an assigned caste? Use examples from your text to support your choices. Brahmins Kshatriyas Vaisya Sudras Text 4: The Great Vedic Epics According to the textbook, what values are revealed through the Vedic epics?

5 5 World History Topic 3 Reading Guide: Ancient India and China Lesson 2: The Origins of Hinduism and Buddhism Key Terms: Use your textbook or go to for definitions atman moksha reincarnation karma dharma ahimsa caste Siddhartha Gautama Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path nirvana sect

6 6 Text 1: Hinduism Beliefs Develop Which details in your text help explain the quote: God is one, but wise people know it by many names? What are some of the most important principles in Hinduism? Fill in the chart below with information about how these key principles helped shape the Hindu religion. Principles of Hinduism Example: atman Principle the essential self Explanation The text states that By modern times, there were thousands of major castes and subcastes. How and why do you think this evolution, from the ancient Hindu castes to the modern system, occurred?

7 7 Topic 2; Lesson 2, Text 1 (cont.) According to your text book, how did Hinduism originate? India Text 2: The Caste System Shapes How are Hindu beliefs related to the caste system in India? Use evidence from the text to support your answer According to your textbook, how did caste rules ensure spiritual purity? Text 3: The Buddha s Key Teachings According to the legend, what led Siddartha Gautama to understand that there was suffering in the world? When did Siddartha Gautama become Buddha? What evidence from the book supports your choice? What is the final goal of Buddhists? How is this goal reached? Text 4: Buddhism Spreads According to your textbook, what did Buddha say when he lay dying?

8 8 Which occurrence led to the spread of Buddhism beyond India? What is the philosophy of the two major schools of Buddhism? What brought about the decline of the Buddhism in India?

9 9 World History Topic 3 Reading Guide: Ancient India and China Lesson 3 Powerful Empires Emerge in India Key Terms: Use your textbook for definitions Chandragupta Maurya dissent Asoka missionaries golden age decimal system joint family dowry Text 1: The Maurya Empire Builds a Strong Government According to your textbook, inn what ways did Chandragupta s bureaucracy maintain order?

10 10 Who was Asoka? Using your textbook as evidence, how was the war in Kalinga a turning point in Asoka s life? According to your textbook, in what ways was Asoka responsible for the spread of Buddhism? According to your textbook, in what ways did Asoka improve the lives of the people in his empire? What effect did Asoka s life have on his empire? What brought about the end to the Maurya empire?

11 11 Topic 3; Lesson 3 (cont.) Text 2: Deccan Kingdoms Arise How did trade help link the separate kingdoms of the Deccan? Text 3: A Golden Age Under Gupta Rule How did the way the Gupta empire ruled compare to the Maurya empire? Give examples from your textbook to support your statement. Write the number five in Arabic numerals. What advances were made under the Gupta rule in the following areas? Mathmatics Science Medicine Literature What caused the decline of the Gupta empire?

12 12 World History Topic 3 Reading Guide: Ancient India and China Lesson 4: Ancient Civilization in China Key Terms: Use your textbook for definitions loess clan dynastic cycle feudalism philosophy filial piety oracle bone characters calligraphy

13 13 World History Topic 3; Lesson 4 (cont.) Text 1: Geography Influence Chinese Civilization How would geography contribute to the Chinese philosophy that China was the sole civilization? Use your text book to provide some examples to support your statement. How would the Huang River get its two nicknames? River of Sorrows Yellow River Text 2: The Shang Dynasty Begins to Form China What was the earliest known dynasty of Chinese civilization, and for how long did that dynasty rule? Why do you think Shang kings only controlled a small area, while loyal princes and nobles governed most of the land? What was the social class structure of China under the Shang? For each class of people, use examples from the textbook to describe what kind of people belonged to each class and describe what their life was like.

14 14 World History Topic 3: Lesson 4 (cont.) Text 3: The Zhou Dynasty Explain the Mandate of Heaven in a way we can all understand. According to your book, why did the Mandate of Heaven pass from the Shang to the Zhou? According to the dynastic cycle, what must one do to gain the Mandate of Heaven, and how does one lose the Mandate of Heaven? What were some signs that a ruler may have lost favor with heaven? Under the feudal system, what must a noble, also known as a feudal lord, give the ruler in return for land? What innovations allowed for the growth of the economy under the Zhou dynasty? What impact did the growth of the economy have on the Chinese people during the Zhou Dynasty?

15 15 World History Topic 3; Lesson 4 (cont.) Text 4: Religious Beliefs in Early China Who was Shang Di, and what was the relationship between the Shang king and Shang Di? Why didn t the Chinese people from the time of the Shang dynasty pray directly to their gods? Text 5: Two Major Belief Systems Take Root Who was Kong Fuzi? What were the Analects, and who authored them? According to Confucianism, how did one reach harmony? What were the five relationships that shaped behavior? According to Confucius, what things did the best rulers do? 1. 2.

16 16 What was yin and yang, and how is it important to the universe? What aspect of Confucianism contributed to its long-lasting influence? What is the goal of Daoists? How is water used to explain the belief of Daoism? In what ways were Confucianism and Daoism similar? In what ways were they different? Use the Venn diagram below to organize your information. Daoism: Confucianism:

17 17 World History Topic 3 Reading Guide: Ancient India and China Lesson 5: Strong Rulers Unite China Key Terms: Use your textbook or quizlet.com for definitions Shi Huangdi Wudi monopoly expansionism civil servant warlord acupuncture Text 1: Shi Huangdi Unifies China What measures did Shi Huangdi take to unify China? According to Hanfeizi, what was the only way for a leader to achieve order?

18 18 What was the purpose of the Great Wall? After Shi Huangdi died, what brought about an end to the Qin dynasty? Text 2: The Han Dynasty Creates a Strong China Compare and Contrast the reign of Wudi with the reign of Shi Huangdi. Use the chart below to organize your information. Wudi Shi Huangdi How were they alike? How were they different? Describe the Silk Road. How was the Silk Road an important part of the growth of civilization in China?

19 19 Topic 3; Lesson 5 (cont.) Why would the Han civil service system favor the wealthy over the poor? What was the role of women during the Han Golden Age in China? What factors led to the end of the Han empire? Text 3: The Han Golden Age During the Han Golden Age, what advances were made in the following areas? Science Medicine Technology What was the role of women during the Han Golden Age in China?

20 20 Text 4: Buddhism Spreads to China How does the concept of filial piety conflict with the Buddhist beliefs? Why did so many people in China find Buddhism appealing?