comparative philosophy

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1 Dialog religiöse Begegnung comparative philosophy religiöser confrontation - - 1

2 Abgrund Dynamik 2 homology Nichts religiöse Homogenität, religious Idee nyat 2 H.Bergson H. Bergson, The Two Sources of Morality and Religion. trans. by R. Ashley Audra and Cloudesley Brereton (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1977)

3 3 P. Tillich ultimate concern 4 kenosis non-substantialism kenotic God substantialism 5 E. Husserl Phänomenologie Vasubandhu Dharmap ala Sthiramati P. Tillich, Christianity and the Encounter of the World Religions (New York: Columbia University Press, 1964), pp. 4-5 Rem B. Edwards, Reason and Religion: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion (Washington D.C: University Press of America, Inc.,1979), pp John B. Cobb and Christopher Ives, eds., The Emptying God: A Buddhist-Jewish-Christian Conversation (New York: Orbis Books, 1990)

4 Vijñaptim tratav da orientation raya-par vrtti. phänomenologische Reduktion religious

5 Substance Brahman 9 svabh va nya principle ultimate absolutes Sein absolutes Nichts

7 12 svabh va- nyat 13 dharma-k ya r m l dev -simhan da-s tra tath gatagarbha

9 validity universality reine Vitalität Prajñ p ramit literature N g rjuna Madhyamakak rik drsti satya 19 prat tyasamutp da Ng Yu-kwan, T'ien-t'ai Buddhism and Early M dhyamika (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994), pp

10 Zustand Akt, Aktivität Prajñ p ramit -s tra eternalism nihilism duality cosmological

11 mechanical

12 27 28 Sein 29 absolutes Bewu sein Intentionalität Sinn, Bedeutung 30 Inhalt Einheit pratibh sa Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und phänomenologischen Philosophie. Erstes Buch: Allgemeine Einfuhrung in die reine Phänomenologie. Neu herausgegeben von Karl Schumann, Den Haag: Martinus Nijhoff,

13 pure exprience 31 dynamic religion mysticism

14 Phänomenologie der reinen Vitalität 33 Zustand Aktivität 34 Place intellektuelle Anschauung Aktivität Zustand

15 Idea G.W.F.Hegel Geist Gott Plato Brahmanism

16 A.N. Whitehead Reality actual entities prehension organism process actual occasions

17 Aktivität transzendentale transzendent 39 intellektuelle Anschauung buddhat Ich praktische Vernunft tath gatagarbha Homogenität 39 pratibh sa Yog c rabh mi Mah y anas tr lamk ra- stra Madhy ntavibh ga Vijñaptim trat siddhistra vijñ na-parin ma

18 40 Jacob Böhme deutsche Mystik negative Theologie Meister Eckhart God paradigm self-emptying kenotic Original Sin Kenosis 40 catuskoti Ng Yu-kwan, T'ien-t'ai Buddhism and Early M dhyamika, pp

19 incarnation 41 dynamic nyat realized spontaneity pure activity dynamic J. Heisig Kenosis Kenosis

20 zero Ungrund great 43 eastern spirituality John B. Cobb and Christopher Ives, eds., The Emptying God: A Buddhist-Jewish- Christian Conversation, p John B. Cobb and Christopher Ives, eds., The Emptying God: A Buddhist-Jewish-Christian Conversation

21 46 Wesen

25 an tman

26 Middle Way-Buddha Nature T'ien-t'ai Buddhism and Early M dhyamika, pp

27 66 Universalitaät weltlich absolute Identität

29 The Dialogue of Confucianism and Buddhism in the Light of the Idea of Pure Vitality NG Yu-kwan This article aims at bringing Confucianism and Buddhism together for a dialogue via the idea of Pure Vitality as a thought-bridge. Confucianism, as a substantialist philosophy, has Heavenly Way or Moral Consciousness as the ultimate principle, whereas Buddhism, as a non-substantialist philosophy, has Emptiness as the ultimate principle. It is difficult for these two great philosophies to have a harmonious encounter. In this context, the author puts forward the idea of Pure Vitality as a new ultimate principle. It can, on the one hand, synthesize the positive and constructive implications embraced by Moral Consciousness and Emptiness, namely, the dynamism of moral Consciousness and the quiescence of Emptiness. On the other hand, it can also transcend or overcome the radical dead ends both ideas of moral Consciousness and Emptiness may unfortunately lead to, i.e., eternalism and nihilism. The author also doubts the tenability of the conception of Self-emptying God proposed by the Kyoto School. This conception implies a direct injection of nonsubstantialism into substantialism, which just mutually oppose each other, as Confucianism and Buddhism do. The author is of the opinion that Christianity and Buddhism can be united and compared only in the context of the idea of Pure Vitality,which, as a transcendental activity, can overcome the contradiction between these two religions. In a nutshell, the idea of Pure Vitality is, indeed, the perfect expression to transmit the seemingly contradictory contents of substantialism and non-substantialism, whether they be represented by Moral Consciousness and Emptiness, or God and Emptiness. Keywords: reine Vitalität absolutes Sein absolutes Nichts nya absolutes Bewu tsein pure exprience

Whitehead s Unique Approach. to the Topic of Consciousness

Whitehead s Unique Approach. to the Topic of Consciousness Whitehead s Unique Approach 137 4 Whitehead s Unique Approach to the Topic of Consciousness Anderson Weekes Granting the reader a foretaste of his cosmological scheme, Whitehead announces at the end of