2. MODAL AUXILIARIES. might, shall, should, will,and would.

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1 2.1 The Definiton of Modal 2. MODAL AUXILIARIES Modals is the name for a group word which is consist of can, could, may, might, shall, should, will,and would. Modals or an auxiliary verb is a verb that helps to form a sentence of other verbs. The most commonly used modals are: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will,and would. 2.2 The Usage of Modals The modals are: can, could, may, might,must, shall, should, will,and would. These are some description about kinds of Modal Auxiliaries: Uses of Modal Can 1) To express ability 1. Budi can speak Arabian language. 2. Jeje can speak Deutch language. 3. Rini can speak five languages fluently. 2) To express permission

2 1. Can I sit here? 2. Can I borrow your Ipad? 3. Can I talk to you in the canteen? 3) To express possibility 1. A history s book can be interesting 2. That s new can t be true 3. Don t light a match in this chemical factory! The fire can cause an explosion. 4) To express action 1. I can t see you on the road 2. Can you hear me? Uses of Modal Could 1) To express ability 1. Three years ago, I could play basket ball like a professional. 2. When my brothe was in high school, he could beat anyone at chess. 3. I could run fast when I was a child. 2) To express polite request in present/future.

3 1. Could I borrow your car? 2. Could you help me please? 3. Could I use your car next Saturday? 4. Could I borrow your eraser? Uses of Modal May 1) To express permission. It s more polite than use Can or Could. 1. May I leave now? 2. May I know your phone number? 3. May I come in? 2) To express possibility in present/past tense. 1. Mita may be sick 2. She may be at home. 3. It may snow tomorrow. 3) To express wish and hope 1. May God bless you! 2. May you have a long and happy life!

4 4) To express purpose 1. Your mother may allow you to come home a little late. 2. He worked hard so that she may pass Uses of Modal Might 1) To express permission in present 1. Uncle John said we might take his car for an outing. 2. Randy said they might get married soon. 2) To express polite request 1. Might I come with you? 2. Might I go now? 3. Might I stay a little longer? 3) To express possibility 1. She said that it might rain. 2. I though they might not come. 3. I though she might at office. 4) To express wish and hope

5 Example: 1. She wishes that she might get well soon Uses of Modal Must 1) To express obligation 1. We must obey the laws of our country. 2. Student must respect their teacher. 3. Children must respect their parents. 2) To express advice 1. You must study hard. 2. You must watch Fast and Furious s film. 3) To express prohibition 1. Children must not play near the river 2. People must not throw rubbish on the streets. 3. You must not used shoes at mosque Uses of Modal Will 1) To express polite request

6 1. Will you please help me to pick up this table? 2. Will you please turn off the television? 3. Will you send me an about our task? 2) To express promise 1. I will reward you for your achievement. 2. I ll get back to you on Saturday. 3. I won t come late again, mom. 3) To express command 1. All student will attend the ceremony every Monday 2. All teacher will attend the ceremony every Monday Uses of Modal Would 1) To express polite request

7 1. Would you mind if I turn on the radio? 2. Would you please close the door? 3. Would you open the door? 2) To express permission 1. Would you like a green tea? 2. Would you like to come to me? 3. Would mind if I smoke? 3) To express wish and hope 1. Would that I were success. 2. Would that I were rich. 4) To express statement that possible situation 1. Without him, life would not be happy.

8 2. If you could give me $ , I would be very happy Uses of Modal Shall 1) To express suggestion, advice and asking polite. 1. Shall I meet you at library? 2. Shall I help you to carry your things? 3. Shall I open the door? 2) To express command, warning. 1. You shall feel sorry for your fault. 2. No one shall leave this room, understand? 3) To express willingness Example: 1. They shall get their gifts Uses of Modal Should 1) To obligatin, action.

9 1. We should be honest in this life. 2. You should have done your task. 3. You should speak polite to your parents. 2) To express advice 1. Should I join with translator? 2. You should plan the the whole trip before starting. 3. You shouldn t try to do many job at the same time. 3) To express possibility 1. He should be in the Palladium now. 2. Our new house should be ready by now.