The Spread of Greek Culture

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1 Chapter 5, Section 4 The Spread of Greek Culture (Pages ) Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read: How did Greek culture spread and develop in the Hellenistic Era? Who were Epicurus and Zeno? As you read pages in your textbook, create a diagram to show the major Greek contributions to Western civilization. Contributions 106 Chapter 5, Section 4

2 Greek Culture Spreads (page 183) As you read, list the causes and effects of the spread of Greek culture in the Hellenistic Era. Causes Greek Culture Spreads Effects How did the Hellenistic kingdoms spread Greek culture? Philosophy (page 184) What is true happiness and what really makes people happy in life? Consider the views of the Epicureans and the Stoics. Then write a paragraph responding to their views and stating your own views about personal happiness. Chapter 5, Section 4 107

3 Define or describe the following terms from this lesson. Epicureanism Stoicism Define these two academic vocabulary words. goal lecture Use each of these terms that you studied earlier in a sentence that reflects the term s meaning. philosopher (Chapter 5, Section 2) philosophy (Chapter 5, Section 2) What were the differences between Epicureanism and Stoicism? 108 Chapter 5, Section 4

4 Greek Science and Math (pages ) As you read, list the major contributions made by Hellenistic mathematicians and astronomers in the graphic organizer below. Major Contributions of Hellenistic Scientists Define or describe the following terms from this lesson. astronomer plane geometry solid geometry Chapter 5, Section 4 109

5 Define these academic vocabulary words from this lesson. major accurate Who was the most famous scientist of the Hellenistic Era? What did he contribute? Now that you have read the section, write the answers to the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for Reading at the beginning of the lesson. How did Greek culture spread and develop in the Hellenistic Era? Who were Epicurus and Zeno? 110 Chapter 5, Section 4

6 Name Date Class VOCABULARY ACTIVITY 5-4 The Spread of Greek Culture: Words to Know Directions: Matching Each of the following people is associated with one or more of the terms or phrases listed below. Write the name of the correct person next to each term. There may be more than one name for each term, and the names may be used more than once. Archimedes Aristarchus Epicurus Eratosthenes Euclid Theocritus Zeno 1. astronomer 2. circumference 3. Epicureanism 4. lever 5. poetry about nature 6. plane geometry 7. solid geometry 8. Stoicism Building Academic Vocabulary survive, verb Example: The Hellenistic Age produced a large body of literature, but very little of it has survived and is not commonly found today. Directions: After reading the example sentence above, determine the meaning of the word survive. Fill in the spaces below with forms of the word survive that will correctly complete the sentences. 9. One of the few works from the Hellenistic Age is an epic poem by Appolonius. 10. What do we call a person who survives? SECTION

7 SECTION 5-4 Name Date Class GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 5-4 The Spread of Greek Culture Directions: Reading for Accuracy Reading the section and completing the activity below will help you learn more about the spread of Greek culture. Use your textbook to decide if a statement is true or false. Write T or F in the blank, and if a statement is false, rewrite it correctly on the line. 1. The library in Alexandria contained more than 500,000 scrolls. 2. The epic poem Argonautica was written by the poet Theocritus. 3. Epicureanism taught that the way to be happy was to seek out pleasure. 4. Epicureans felt it was important to be active in politics. 5. A Phoenician named Zeno developed the philosophy of Epicureanism. 6. Stoics taught that happiness came from following reason, not emotions, and doing your duty. 7. Today, the word stoic is used to describe someone who is very expressive of his or her emotions. 8. Aristarchus held that Earth was the center of the universe. 9. Eratosthenes wrote Elements about plane geometry. 10. Archimedes of Syracuse figured out the value of pi that is used to measure the area of circles. 68

8 Name Date Class PRIMARY SOURCE READING 5 Greek Constitution About the Selection Aristotle was Plato s best student. He wrote more than 200 books on topics including logic, science, and government. Aristotle s ideas have shaped how Europeans and Americans think about government. Aristotle wrote a history of the Athenian government in 350 B.C. Below is part of that document outlining the duties of the Commissioners of Games. Reader s Dictionary lot: an object chosen by luck and used to make a choice requisition: a formal request for something vigour: strength of the body The Athenian Constitution by Aristotle There are also ten Commissioners of Games (Athlothetae), elected by lot, one from each tribe. These officers, after passing an examination, serve for four years; and they manage the Panathenaic procession, the contest in music and that in gymnastic, and the horse-race; they also provide the robe of Athena and, in conjunction with the Council, the vases, and they present the oil to the athletes. This oil is collected from the sacred olives. The Archon requisitions it from the owners of the farms on which the sacred olives grow, at the rate of three-quarters of a pint from each plant. Formerly the state used to sell the fruit itself, and if any one dug up or broke down one of the sacred olives, he was tried by the Council of Areopagus, and if he was condemned, the penalty was death. Since, however, the oil has been paid by the owner of the farm, the procedure has lapsed, though the law remains; and the oil is a state charge upon the property instead of being taken from the individual plants. When, then, the Archon has collected the oil for his year of office, he hands it over to the Treasurers to preserve in the Acropolis, and he may not take his seat in the Areopagus until he has paid over to the Treasurers the full amount. The Treasurers keep it in the Acropolis until the Panathenaea, when they measure it out to the Commissioners of Games, and they again to the victorious competitors. The prizes for the victors in the musical contest consist of silver and gold, for the victors in manly vigour, of shields, and for the victors in the gymnastic contest and the horse-race, of oil. CHAPTER 5 Source: Aristotle. The Athenian Constitution, Part 60. classics.mit.edu/aristotle/athenian_const.3.3.html 55

9 CHAPTER 5 Name Date Class PRIMARY SOURCE READING 5 Greek Constitution (continued) Directions: Answer the questions below in the spaces provided. 1. What events do the Commissioners of the Games manage? 2. What had been the punishment for digging up sacred olives? 3. Which prize is given to winners in the musical contest? 4. Critical Thinking Why do you think that oil would be so important to the Greeks? 56

Where in the world? When RESG did it happen? Greek Civilization Lesson 1 Greek Culture ESSENTIAL QUESTION. Terms to Know GUIDING QUESTIONS

Where in the world? When RESG did it happen? Greek Civilization Lesson 1 Greek Culture ESSENTIAL QUESTION. Terms to Know GUIDING QUESTIONS Lesson 1 Greek Culture ESSENTIAL QUESTION What makes a culture unique? GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How did the ancient Greeks honor their gods? 2. Why were epics and fables important to the ancient Greeks? 3.