a. (look up) What is a proselytic religion? What does it mean to proselytize?

Transcription

1 AP Human Geography Unit 3b: Religion Guided Reading Mr. Stepek Define (Rubenstein p ): 1. What is the basic difference between a universalizing religion and an ethnic religion? a. (look up) What is a proselytic religion? What does it mean to proselytize? 2. Describe the general (detail with reference to particular religions to follow later) differences between Universalizing and Ethnic Religions in these areas (pages refer to the Rubenstein text): Holy Places (p. 185, 187) Universalizing Ethnic The Calendar (p. 188, 190) What is a pilgrimage? Cosmogony (p. 188) What is it concerned with? Diffusion (p. 181) To what extent have universalizing religions diffused from their hearths? 3. What are the three main universalizing religions (rank by total adherents) (p 171 Rubenstein)? #1. #2. #3. a. (de Blij p. 205) How is the cultural landscape marked by religion in obvious ways? b. How do we see it reflected in less than obvious ways? c. (de Blij p. 208) Besides universalizing vs. ethnic, in what ways can religions be classified/differentiated? List and define. i. What do some religious scholars believe is the foundation for monotheism (not Judaism)? 4. (de Blij p 209) Why must all maps of religious distribution be taken with caution (include examples)? a. b.

2 Major Branches Major Branches 5. Christianity (begin Rubenstein p. 171) # of global adherents Ex. of denominations Create circle graph (proportion of Christians in to each branch on p 171) Roman Catholic N/A: highly centralized and hierarchical (see below) From chart p self-governing national churches incl. Russian, Greek, Romanian, Serbian Orthodox, etc. Other Coptics, Armenians Maronites, Mormons (?) Jehovah s Witnesses Administration of Space (p ) (note Roman Catholic hierarchy and Protestant branches with autonomy ) Calendar (p. 190) When do Christians commemorate the resurrection? What date is associated with the birth of Jesus? (lecture) Even though it is a universalizing religion, why do some Christian holidays seem to correspond to the agricultural cycle? Places of Worship (p. 191) In what type of building do Christians congregate? See below for effect on built landscape for church architecture. Effect on Built Landscape (lecture) Disposal of the Dead (p. 192) What is the most common way that Christians dispose of their dead? # of global adherents: % of Muslim Where found (see map p 174) Most Muslim countries are predominantly Sunni except in those areas listed as Shiite below. Where majority? 6. Islam (start at page 173) Define Islam: Define Muslim: Five pillars of the Islamic faith (see de Blij p 220 to help summarize)?

3 Major Branches/Sects Holy Places (p. 186, 180) Jerusalem (lecture). Islam (continued) (origin and diffusion covered in a separate assignment) Calendar (p. 190) Places of Worship (p. 191) Disposal of the Dead (p. 192) Why would you rather observe Ramadan in winter than summer (lecture)? Administration of Space (p. 195) Effect on Built Landscape (lecture) 7. Buddhism (start at p 175, pages refer to Rubenstein unless otherwise noted) What is syncretism (look up)? # of global adherents: % Synonyms? Where found (de Blij p 213)? Differences in belief (R p )? (lecture) How do they view Buddha? Tantrayana, Lamaism, Vajrayana, Tibetan Zen (part of Mahayana) (lecture) How do they view Buddha? Where? Syncretic w/what animistic religion? Summarize the geographic origin and diffusion of Buddhism (de Blij p 213, Rubenstein p 180, ). To what extent is Buddhism still practiced in India (de Blij p 213)? Ask Mr. Stepek why (lecture)! Holy Places (Rubenstein p , list top four) Calendar (R p. 190) What three events are celebrated? Places of Worship (p. 192) Stupas (p. 227) Effect on Built Landscape (p 227, lecture) Disposal of the Dead (p ) Include problems with Chinese burial practices. Tibetan Buddhists practice what?

4 Major Manifestations 8. Describe the two other significant universalizing religions (pages refer to Rubenstein, unless otherwise noted): Adherents (p. 176) Origin (p. 181) Distribution/Diffusion (p. 176, 184) Calendar (p. 190) Sikhism Baha i Houses of Worship (lecture) Main idea (p. 176, de Blij p. 212) (incl. prophet/founder etc.) How is Sikhism seen as a compromise? ETHNIC RELIGIONS: 9. Hinduism (begin p 176) (pages refer to Rubenstein unless otherwise noted) # of global adherents: % of total Countries where Hindu approach to religious orthodoxy (p 177): Global rank: Hindus found? God: God: God: Holy Places (p 187, de Blij Figure 7.22) Island (de Blij 212)? Origin and diffusion and current distribution (p 181, de Blij ) Places of Worship (p 191) How and where did British imperialism affect the presence of Hinduism outside South Asia (de Blij )? Disposal of the Dead (p 192) Effect on Built Landscape (de Blij p , lecture)

5 Several hundred million often syncretic with Buddhism 10. Other Ethnic Religions (Rubenstein p ): # Founder Basic ideas (p , de Blij p ) Yin/Yang (p 188) Confucianism Daoism (Taoism) What is Feng Shui (de Blij p 214)? Shintoism (Rubenstein p 178, 184, de Blij p 214) Ethnic African Religions (p 178) Define animism. What has contributed to the recent decline in the number of adherents to Ethnic African religions? Define an indigenous religion (de Blij p 222) Define Shamanism (de Blij p 222) Based on the map on page 210 describe where Traditional and Shamanist religions are still in the MAJORITY. 11. What is the solstice? a. What prehistorical religious shrine (?) is aligned with the solstice emphasizing its importance in some ethnic religions? 12. Judaism (begin Rubenstein p. 178) Total # How is Judaism connected to Christianity and Islam? Fundamental beliefs Current Distribution (#, location and % of Jewish people and where clustered?) Calendar (p. 189) Why are Jewish holiest days in the autumn? How does its distribution differ from other ethnic religions? Why? Diffusion (p. 185) What was the result? What happened to the European Jews in the mid-20 th century?

6 Religion vs. Religion Define fundamentalism (R p 197): de Blij p Religious Conflict (begin on Rubenstein p 195 and briefly summarize the examples given for each type of conflict connected to religion. Whose fighting over what? Use the de Blij where specifically indicated) Religion vs. Summarize examples Taliban vs. western values: Hinduism vs. social equality: Social Change How does Hindu religious believe hinder social mobility (lecture)? What is secularism? Where is secularism most prevalent? Benefit How has religion had an effect on society Detriment (de Blij p. 223) What has the French government done recently to protect its version of secularism? Communism Orthodox Christianity/Islam vs. Soviet Union (read d Blij p as well) Differentiate between interfaith and intrafaith boundaries (de Blij p ) Northern Ireland (read both Rubenstein p and de Blij ) Summarize combatants/issues. We will be handling the Arab-Israeli Conflict through a separate assignment Nigeria (de Blij p ) The Former Yugoslavia (de Blij p ). Summarize ethnic/religious divisions and what happened in Bosnia. Sunni vs. Shia conflict (we will have a separate lesson on this in class) Jerusalem (de Blij ) Describe how the city is holy to three religions.

7