Introduction Test Finding the Box Top on the Puzzle of Life

Transcription

1 Introduction Test Finding the Box Top on the Puzzle of Life Fill in the Blanks 1. List the five most consequential questions in life Correct answers found on page Origin: Where did we come from? 2. Identity: Who are we? 3. Meaning: Why are we here? 4. Morality: How should we live? 5. Destiny: Where are we going? 2. What someone believes about God affects. Correct answer: found on page 20 everything 3. List four of the twelve-point progression in the textbook that the authors have claimed are strong evidence supporting Christianity. Correct possible answers found on page Truth about reality is knowable 2. The opposite of true is false 3. It is true that the theistic God exists. This is evidenced by the: Beginning of the universe (Cosmological argument) Design of the universe (Teleological argument/anthropic Principle) Design of life (Teleological argument) 4. If God exists, then miracles are possible. 5. Miracles can be used to confirm a message from God (i.e., as acts of God to confirm a word from God). 6. The New Testament is historically reliable. This is evidenced by: Early Testimony Eyewitness (authentic) testimony Eyewitnesses who were not deceived 7. The New Testament says Jesus claimed to be God. 8. Jesus claim to be God was miraculously confirmed by: His fulfillment and miraculous deeds; His prediction and accomplishment of his resurrection. 9. Therefore, Jesus is God. 10. Whatever Jesus (who is God) teaches is true. 11. Jesus taught that the Bible is the Word of God. 12. Therefore, it is true that the Bible is the Word of God (and anything opposed to it is false).

2 4. There are more evidences that support Christianity than there are for atheism. List the three lines of evidence that strongly support the conclusions consistent with Christianity. Correct answers: 1. Empirical evidence 2. Forensic evidence 3. Philosophical evidence 5. Which one of the three major religious worldviews believes that God is all? Correct answer: Page 23 - Pantheism (or Buddhism, Hinduism, New Age) Multiple Choice Circle the correct answer(s) 6. Circle the correct three major religious worldviews named in the textbook. a. Sikhism b. Pantheism - Correct answer Page 23 c. Shinto d. Atheism - Correct answer Page 23 e. Theism - Correct answer Page 23 f. Confucianism g. Taoism 7. Which if the following is required to believe any of the worldviews? a. Interest b. Trust c. Membership d. Faith Correct answer Page 25 e. Dedication 8. If the Bible is true, then any specific claim that contradicts the Bible must be: a. Atheistic b. Researched c. False Correct answer Page 29 d. Agnostic e. Accepted True/False 9. Which of the three problems people have with Christianity is NOT one mentioned in the textbook? a. Intellectual objections b. Validity reasons False (Volitional reasons) Page 24 c. Emotional obstacles 10. The starting point of the authors of the textbook is complete skepticism. Correct answer True Page 29

3 11. Belief requires assent not only of the mind but also of the emotions. Correct answer: False (Belief requires assent not only of the mind but also of the WILL). Page God has provided enough evidence in this life to convince anyone willing to believe. Correct answer True Page As moral creatures we are free to choose or reject our ultimate destiny. Correct answer True Page Only Christians take a blind leap of faith when it comes to their beliefs. Correct answer False (Many NON-CHRISTIANS take a leap of blind father as well as Christians). Page Facts are central to all religions because all religions make truth claims. Correct answer True Page Most people today believe that Christianity is the only true way to God. Correct answer False (Many say it is unreasonable to believe that one religion could be exclusively true). Page Most modern intellectuals say that God has removed the need for evolution. Correct answer: False (Many modern intellectuals imply that science yields truth. Not only has evolution removed the need for God, they say, but only what is testable in a laboratory can be considered true). Page 21 Short Answer 18. Briefly state what a skeptic is. Correct answer: Contemporary skepticism (or skepticism) is loosely used to denote any questioning attitude, or some degree of doubt regarding claims that are elsewhere taken for granted. Pages 21, 27, 29, Briefly explain what an agnostic is. Correct answer: Someone who is unsure about the question of God. - Page The textbook is titled: I Don t Have Enough Faith To Be An Atheist. Briefly explain why this is the title of the book. Correct answer: Studying the evidence in this textbook you will see that there is certainty beyond a reasonable doubt about conclusions such as God exists and the Bible is true. Therefore it takes a lot more faith to be a non- Christian than it does to be a Christian. Pages 26, 32

4 Chapter 1 Test Can We Handle the Truth? Fill in the Blanks 1. Truth can be defined as: Correct answer: Telling it like it is (Page 36) or that which corresponds to its object (Page 37) - Pages 36, A self-defeating statement is one that: Correct answer: Fails to meet its own standard. - Page Our rejection of religious and moral truth is often on rather than intellectual grounds. Correct answer: volitional - Page All religions cannot be true because: Correct answer: All truths exclude their opposites. Various religions teach opposite truths, so some religions must be considered as not teaching truth. - Page 37 Multiple Choice Circle the correct answer(s) 5. Select the correct three truths about truth from the list below. a. Truth is discovered, not invented Correct answer - Pages b. Truth is culturally established c. Truth is unchanging even though our beliefs about truth change Correct answer - Pages d. Facts change based on beliefs e. Truth can be affected by the attitude of the one professing it f. All truths are absolute truths Correct answer - Pages Matching 6. Match the religions to what they believe. Put the letter that correspond to the belief next to the religion(s) that it goes with. Answers can be used more than once. Religions Belief 1 Christians a, c, d 2 Muslims a, c, f 3 Jews a, c, f 4 New Age b, e, f 5 Hindu e, f Correct answers - Page 46 Belief

5 a. Believe in different version of a theistic God b. Evil is a complete illusion c. Evil is real d. People must be saved by grace e. Everything that exists is part of an impersonal, pantheistic force called God f. Salvation is by good works True/False 7. Contrary beliefs are possible, but contrary truths are not possible. Correct answer: True - Page Truth is relative but not absolute. Correct answer: False (Truth is not relative but absolute) - Page All truths exclude their opposites. Even religious truths. Correct answer: True - Page False ideas about truth lead to false ideas about life. Correct answer: True - Page All religious beliefs are true because they all have truth in them. Correct answer: False ( Most religions have some beliefs that are true, not all religious beliefs can be true because they are mutually exclusive they teach opposites.) - Page As Christians, we should accept other peoples beliefs without questioning them. Correct answer: False (Why shouldn t we question religious beliefs? Pluralists have no good reasons support their belief that we ought not question religious beliefs. The Bible commands Christians to question religious beliefs). - Page All truth claims are absolute, narrow and exclusive. Correct answer: True - Page If something is true, it is true for all people at all times, in all places. Correct answer: True - Page According to the authors, many people who deny there s truth in religion are not actually blind but only willfully blind. Correct answer: True - Page Pluralists adhere to a tolerant view that promotes embracing the notion that all religious beliefs are true.

6 Correct answer: True - Page 47 Short Answer 17. Briefly explain why knowing the truth is important. Correct answer: We demand truth in virtually every area of our lives, family, doctors, financials, the justice system etc. It is also important in moral and religious matters. - Page Using the Road Runner tactic, how would you answer someone who said: There are no absolutes Correct answer: Are you absolutely sure? - Page Briefly define the Road Runner tactic. Correct answer: The Road Runner tactic turns a statement on itself and helps expose the self-defeating (and thus false) statements that are so common today. - Page What is the core truth the authors are communicating through the parable of the elephant and the six blind men? Correct answer: Like each of the six blind men, we are told, no one religion has the truth. Religious truth is relative to the individual. It is subjective, not objective. But in this parable the one telling the parable has an objective perspective he can see the truth. But, even though many of us can see the truth in religion we chose willfully not to admit there is truth in religion because it will convict us. - Page 48

7 Chapter 2 Test Why Should Anyone Believe Anything At All? Fill in the Blanks 1. An apologist is someone who: Correct answer: shows how good reason and evidence support or contradict a particular belief. - Page In order to find truth, one must be ready to give up those subjective preferences in favor of: Correct answer: objective facts - Page The Road Runner tactic uses the Law of Non-contradiction which states that contradictory claims: Correct answer: cannot both be true at the same time in the same sense. - Page Empirical verifiability claims that a proposition can be meaningful only if it is: Correct answer: true by definition or if it s empirically verifiable. - Page The Law of the Excluded Middle tells us that something: or Correct answer: either is is not - Page 62 Multiple Choice Circle the correct answer(s) 6. Facts are best discovered through a. Research b. Science Correct answer - Page 54 c. Diagrams d. Understanding e. Logic Correct answer - Page 54 f. Evidence Correct answer - Page More than any other person, this individual is responsible for the skepticism prevalent today a. Socrates b. Albert Einstein c. Plato d. David Hume Correct answer - Page 57 e. William F. Buckley True/False 8. Immanuel Kant was an agnostic. Correct answer: True - Page 60

8 9. We can use induction to investigate God the same way we use it to investigate other things we can t see. Correct answer: True - Page Kant s philosophy stated that you only know the thing you are trying to understand after your mind and senses form it. Correct answer: True - Page The Box Top mentioned in the Introduction of this book can be discovered through using the first principles. Correct answer: True - Page Most conclusions base on induction can be considered absolutely certain. Correct answer: False Most conclusions based on induction cannot be considered absolutely certain but only highly probable. - Page Empirical verifiability claims that a proposition can be meaningful only if it s true by definition or if it s empirically verifiable. Correct answer: True - Page First principles must be built into your emotions for you to learn anything. Correct answer: False First principles must be built in to your MIND - Page You can tell people care about truth in morality when they are lied to about their finances. Correct answer: True - Page That which is self-defeating can be true. Correct answer: False That which is self-defeating CANNOT be true. - Page Eastern logic and Western logic are different. Correct answer: False this is only type of logic that helps us discover truth. - Pages Matching 18. Match either the Inductive or Deductive method to the correct definition. Method Deductive Inductive Definition Lining up premises in an argument and arriving at a valid conclusion Discovering whether the premises in an argument are true.

9 Correct answer: Page 64 Short Answer 19. The process of discovering truth begins with the self-evident laws of logic call first principles. Briefly explain why they are called the first principles. Correct answer: There is nothing behind them. They are not proved by any other principles; they are simply inherent in the nature of reality and are thus self-evident. - Page When it comes to truth in religion, briefly explain why it matters if the Bible is true. Correct answer: If the Bible is true, then everyone s destiny can be read from its pages. If it is not true then many Christians are wasting their lives following its teachings. - Page 68

10 Chapter 3 Test In the Beginning There was a Great SURGE Fill in the Blanks 1. Cosmological comes from the Greek word cosmos, which means or in English. Correct answers: world or universe - Page Einstein introduced a cosmological constant into his equations in order to show that the universe is static. Later, after observing the galaxies through the Hubble telescope Enstein described his cosmological constant as: Correct answer: the greatest blunder of my life - Page According to the textbook the Second Law of Thermodynamics state that the universe is: Correct answer: running out of usable energy. - Page Everything that had a beginning had a cause is also known as what fundamental principle of law of science. Correct answer: The Law of Causality - Page Atheists have put forth many other theories that state the universe has been here forever. One of those is the Cosmic Rebound Theory. It suggests that the universe has been (complete the sentence): Correct answer: expanding and contracting forever. - Page Robert Jastrow, the director of Mount Wilson observatory, and also a selfconfirmed agnostic, stated: That there are what I or anyone would call at work is now, I think, a scientifically proven fact. Correct answer: Supernatural forces - Page According to the facts in this chapter the characteristics of the First Cause are exactly the characteristics theists ascribe to:. Correct answer: God - Page 93 Multiple Choice Circle the correct answer(s) 8. If the universe had a beginning, then the universe had: a. A premise b. An infinite number of days c. An effect d. A cause Correct answer - Page 91 e. A natural formation

11 9. The entire universe exploded into being. This is commonly called: a. The Starting Point b. The Big Bang Correct answer - Page 79 c. The First Life d. The Great Force e. The Culmination Theory 10. COBE was the name of a satellite launched in 1989 to: a. Conduct atmospheric tests inside galaxies b. Photograph Black Holes left by exploded stars c. Measure surface temperatures of planets in other solar systems d. Discover newly formed galaxies beyond the reach of man-made telescopes e. Detect ripples in the background radiation Correct answer - Page Select three of the characteristics of the First Cause as described in the textbook. a. Timeless Correct answer - Page 93 b. Forgiving c. Intelligent- Correct answer - Page 93 d. Personal Correct answer - Page 93 e. Loving True/False 12. The Second Law of Thermodynamics is also known as the Atrophy. Correct answer False The Law of Entropy - Page The First Law of Thermodynamics states that the total amount of energy in the universe is constant. Correct answer True - Page The universe is expanding into empty space. Correct answer False the universe is NOT expanding into empty space, but space itself is expanding. - Page Einstein s theory of General Relativity demands an absolute beginning for time, space and matter. Correct answer True - Page The fact that all radioactive uranium has not turned to lead yet is geological evidence that the universe had a beginning. Correct answer True - Page 90

12 17. Einstein said: Science without religion is lame; religion without science is blind. Correct answer True - Pages 73, 93 Short Answer 18. Briefly explain what British cosmologist Arthur Eddington is famous for. Correct answer: In 1919 Arthur Eddington conducted an experiment during a solar eclipse which confirmed that General Relativity was true that the universe wasn t static but had a beginning. - Page Scientists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson made an accidental discovery in 1965 that would prove to be one of the most significant discoveries of the last century. Briefly explain what their discovery was. Correct answer: They discovered what is technically known as the cosmic background radiation. This afterglow is actually light and heat from the initial explosion of our universe (or the Big Bang ). - Page Briefly describe the philosophical line of evidence called the Kalam. Correct answer: An infinite number of days has no end. But today is the end day of history. Therefore, there were not an infinite number of days before today. This means that time had a beginning because only a finite number amount of time could have passed for today to arrive. - Pages 90-91

13 Chapter 4 Test Divine Design Fill in the Blanks 1. The Teleological argument states that every has a. Correct answers: design designer - Page The extent of the universe s fine-tuning makes the perhaps the most powerful argument for the existence of God. Correct answer: Anthropic Principle. - Page Psalm was written by King David and states: the heavens declared the glory of God. Correct answer: Psalm 19 - Page In the Old Testament book of Isaiah, chapter verse Isaiah posed a question from God which was: To whom will you compare me? Or who is my equal? Correct answer: Isaiah 40:25 - Page 109 Matching Match the Anthropic Constant to its definition. Fill in the corresponding letter in the blank. Anthropic Constant Definition 5. Moon-Earth Gravitational Interaction b. 6. Carbon Dioxide Level e. 7. Gravity d. 8. Oxygen level a. 9. Atmospheric Transparency c. Correct answers - Pages Definition a. On earth, this element comprises 21 percent of the atmosphere. b. If this were greater than it currently is, severe tidal effects, atmosphere, and rotational periods would occur. c. If this were less, not enough solar radiation would reach the earth s surface. d. If this were altered by even a miniscule percent our sun would not exist and neither would we. e. If this level was higher than it is now, a runaway greenhouse effect would develop (we d burn up).

14 Multiple Choice Circle the correct answer(s) 10. William Paley ( ) made the Teleological Argument famous using the following illustration: a. A watch and a watchmaker Correct answer - Page 95 b. An automobile and an automaker c. A planet and its atmosphere d. A building and its builder e. A puzzle and the box top 11. Astrophysicist Hugh Ross has calculated the probability that all 122 anthropic constants would exist today for any planet in the universe by chance is: a. Ten Million to one b. 200,000 to one c. 10 with 138 zeros to one Correct answer - Page 106 d. 100 Million to one e. 20 with 125 zeros to one True/False 12. The Greek word telos means precision. Correct answer: False The Greek word telos means design. - Page There are 100 billion stars in our galaxy. Correct answer True - Page Psalm 103:11 helps us grasp the infinite love of God. Correct answer True - Page There s no plausible explanation for the Anthropic Principle other than a Cosmic Designer. Correct answer True - Page 111 Short Answer 16. Briefly explain what the Anthropic Principle is. Correct answer: The Anthropic Principle is the highly precise and interdependent environmental conditions which many scientists believe show that the universe is extremely fine-tuned (designed) to support human life. - Page Atheists have resorted to wild speculation to support themselves. One of those theories is the Multiple Universe Theory. Briefly explain what the Multiple Universe Theory has to do with us.

15 Correct answer: The Multiple Universe Theory states there are an infinite number of universes in existence, and we are just lucky enough to be in the universe with the right set of conditions. - Page The authors use the Apollo 13 space capsule as an illustration. Briefly explain in what sense is our earth like a spacecraft such as Apollo 13? Correct answer: The Apollo spacecrafts, like our earth, were designed to maintain human life in the very hostile environment of space. The spacecrafts must be designed with incredible precision to enable human life to be sustained. The earth is designed with the same exacting attention to detail that could only be of a supernatural intelligence. - Page Name at least one problem with the multiple-universe theory: Correct answer(s) - Page There s no evidence for it; 2. It is an impossibility for there to be an infinite number of finite things (unlimited number of limited universes); 3. Multiple universes multiplies the need for a Designer; 4. The Multiple Universe Theory is too broad and could explain away any event we wanted it to. 20. Explain briefly why God tells us to compare him with the heavens. Correct answer: God has no limits and neither do the heavens. As such the heavens are infinite and so is God. The heavens are precise and unlimited and so is God. Infinity describes God s attributes. - Page 109

16 Chapter 5 Test The First Life: Natural Law or Divine Awe? Fill in the Blanks 1. Naturalist biologists state that life generated spontaneously from by natural laws without any. Correct answers: non-living chemicals intelligent intervention- Page The supreme problem for Darwinists is explaining the origin of the life. Correct answer: First - Page The specific order of the nitrogen bases within a living cell determine the unique makeup of that living entity. Correct answer: genetic - Page The problem with Darwinists like Richard Dawkins and Francis Crick is that they rule out before they even look at the evidence. Correct answer: Intelligent causes - Page 120 Multiple Choice Circle the correct answer(s) 5. James Watson and Francis Crick discovered this in 1953: a. Microevolution b. Panspermia c. Causality d. Deoxyribonucleic acid Correct answer - Page 115 e. Principle of Uniformity 6. DNA is made up of four nitrogen bases. Those bases are represent by the letters: a. A, T, C, G Correct answer - Page 116 b. G, B, C, T c. R, B, C, T d. D, N, A, T e. A, T, N, B 7. Since no one was present to observe the origin of first life we can use which one of the following scientific principles to discover what caused first life? a. Anthropic Principles b. Causality Principles c. Archeological Principles d. Forensic Principles Correct answer - Page 117 e. Philosophical Principles

17 8. Which of the following are things which science CANNOT account for: a. Mathematics b. Metaphysical truths c. Ethical judgments d. Aesthetic judgments e. Science itself f. All of the above Correct answer - Page g. None of the above True/False 9. Naturalistic evolutionists claim that the origin of life was a one-celled amoeba. Correct answer: True - Page First life has never been observed. Correct answer: True - Page Spontaneous generation of life has been observed in scientific lab experiments. Correct answer: False - Page DNA and proteins rely on each other for their production. Correct answer: True - Page According to the authors, the creation-evolution debate is about religion (the Bible) versus science. Correct answer: False (the creation-evolution debate is about good science versus bad science). - Page The scientific method of searching for causes by observation and repetition is the only means for finding truth. Correct answer: False it is but one means of finding truth, it is not the only means. - Page Philosophical assumptions can dramatically impact scientific conclusions. Correct answer: True - Page 128 Short Answer 16. Briefly explain the evolutionist s theory of macroevolution. Correct answer: Naturalistic evolutionists claim that all life began spontaneously in a one-celled amoeba without any intelligent intervention. All biological life has evolved from that first amoeba without any intelligent guidance at all. - Page 115

18 17. Describe briefly the Principle of Uniformity. Correct answer: The Principle of Uniformity assumes that the world worked in the past just like it works today, especially when it come to causes. This means that what required an intelligent cause or a natural cause in the past would remain the same today. - Page Briefly explain what Fred Hoyle s theory of Panspermia is and what panspermia means. Correct answer: Fred Hoyle put forth the Panspermia theory which states that aliens deposited the first life on earth. Panspermia means seeds everywhere. - Page Explain briefly what reductionism is and what it tells us about Darwinists. Also explain the problem with this theory. Reductionism is the Darwinists ideology to reduce life to its nonliving chemical components. This shows that the Darwinists believe that life is nothing more than the materials of which it is made up. The problem with this ideology is that DNA shows that there is design beyond the chemicals and points to an intelligent design. - Page Briefly site two reasons why materialism used by the Darwinists is reasonable. Correct answers: - Pages a. The message in contained in life called specified complexity cannot be explained materially. b. Not everything is comprised of materials. Thoughts, theories, love, and hate are examples of non-material things. c. If life were only made up on chemicals, then we would be able to make a living human being. But we can t. d. If materialism is true, then anyone who has ever had any kind spiritual experience has been completely mistaken. e. If materialism is true, then reason itself is impossible. If everything is made up of chemicals, then chemicals can t evaluate whether or not a theory is true. Chemicals don t reason, they react.

19 Chapter 6 Test New Life Forms: From the Goo to You via the Zoo Fill in the Blanks 1. Darwinists claim that observable micro changes in living things is proof that unobservable has occurred. Correct answer: macroevolution - Page To prove Darwinism, you must be able to explain the vast between living things. Correct answer: dissimilarity - Page The God-of-the-Gaps fallacy occurs when someone falsely believes that God caused the event when it really was caused by undiscovered. Correct answer: natural phenomena - Page 157 Multiple Choice Circle the correct answer(s) 4. Darwinists use the term natural selection to mean: a. Selection of naturally created life b. The fittest creatures survive Correct answer - Page 140 c. Chemicals that build life are naturally selected d. First life is naturally selected e. The natural order of things produces the selection 5. Empirical (Operation) science is focused on all but one of the areas listed below. Select the one which is NOT part of Empirical Science. a. Studies present b. Studies regularities c. Studies repeatable d. Studies singularities Correct selection - Page 156 e. Studies how things work 6. Darwinists claim that Intelligent Design is religiously motivated. Select all the correct objection(s) to that charge from the list below. a. Bias or motivation isn t the main issue truth is Correct answer - Page 159 b. Atheists just don t like religious people c. People who have strong religious views can t honestly evaluate evidence d. Intelligent Design is a conclusion based on empirically detectable evidence, not sacred texts Correct answer - Page 159 e. Religious convictions have more evidence than Natural Selection

20 Matching There are five reasons in the textbook why natural selection cannot produce new species. Below, match the reason to its definition. Reason Definition 7. Cyclical Change c 8. Genetic limits e 9. Molecular Isolation d 10. Nonviability of Transitional Forms a 11. Irreducible Complexity b Correct answer: Pages Definition a. The inability of changing life forms to survive during that change. b. A system composed of several well-matched, interacting parts that contribute to the basic function, wherein the removal of any one of the parts cause the system to effectively cease functioning. c. Changes are not directional toward the development of new life forms, but simply shift back and forth within a limited range. d. Even though all organisms share a common genetic code, that code has ordered the amino acids in proteins so that basic types are in isolation from one another. e. These are built into the basic types and disproves that microevolution within types proves that macroevolution has occurred. True/False 12. Darwinists have no explanation for the source of non-living chemicals. Correct answer: True - Page To take a line of fossils and claim that they represent lineage is not a testable scientific hypothesis. Correct answer: True - Page The bony extrusion pandas have for a thumb implies an admission that design is detectable in the panda s thumb. Correct answer: True - Page One of the evidences that Darwinism is true is that we have numerous transitional fossils. Correct answer: False we DO NOT have transitional fossils sufficient to support Darwinism (and therefore, evolution). - Page A car engine is an example of an irreducibly complex system. Correct answer: True - Page 145

21 17. Similarity and progression automatically implies common ancestry. Correct answer: False - Page There is no evidence that macroevolution has occurred. Correct answer: True - Page 166 Short Answer 19. The example in the textbook of the bacteria being attacked by antibiotics and the surviving bacteria living on without changing proves what major Darwinian theory wrong? Explain why. Correct answer: Evolution is a major Darwinian theory. The example of the surviving bacteria shows the bacteria did not evolve into something other than bacteria, they merely resisted the antibiotics. The surviving bacteria always stay bacteria. - Page The problem for the Darwinists is that the fossil record cannot establish ancestral relationships. Briefly explain why this is so. Correct answer: Because according to Michael Denton, 99 percent of the biology of any organism resides in its soft anatomy, which is inaccessible in a fossil. It is extremely difficult to discover the biological makeup of a creature by looking at its fossil remains. - Page 153

22 Chapter 7 Test Mother Teresa vs. Hitler Fill in the Blanks 1. The authors state that the Moral Law means all people are impressed with a fundamental sense of and. Correct answer: Right Wrong - Page The Moral Law is the third argument for the existence for the existence of a theistic God. The other two we have learned so far are the argument and the argument. Correct answer: Cosmological and Teleological - Page An absolute Moral Law implies an absolute Moral Law. Correct answer: Giver - Page According to the authors, the Moral Law is written on every person s and. Correct answers: heart mind - Page The Founding Fathers believed that human rights are God-given and as such they are universal and absolute. They are the right of all in all at all regardless of their nationality or religion. Correct answers: people places times - Page Tolerance reveals the Moral Law because tolerance itself is a principle. Correct answer: moral - Page 181 Multiple Choice Circle the correct answer(s) 7. To evaluate behavior (measure moral differences) between people we must appeal to: a. Personal opinions and philosophical views b. Relative standards within cultures and communities c. Subjective values such as good, bad, evil, worse and better d. Absolute unchanging standards beyond people Correct answer - Page 178 e. That which is good for one, is good for all

23 Matching Respond to the following situations by Matching the correct distinction to the situation. Use the six distinctions from below. a. Absolute Morals vs. Changing Behavior b. Absolute Morals vs. Changing Perception of the Facts c. Absolute Morals vs. Applying them to Particular Situations d. An Absolute Command (What) vs. a Relative Culture (How) e. Absolute Morals vs. Moral Disagreements f. Absolute Ends (Values) vs. Relative Means Situation 8. Morals change. Pre-marital sex is fine. This is the 20 th century get with it! 9. If you re not for government health care, you don t care about the poor! 10. Morality is relative. Just look at how much people disagree on homosexuality and abortion! 11. Morality is relative. What if you have to lie to save a life? Shouldn t you do it? 12. Morality is relative. We used to think slavery is OK, now we don t. Distinction Absolute morals vs. changing behavior Absolute Ends (Values) vs. Relative Means Absolute morals vs. moral disagreements Absolute morals vs. applying them to particular situations Absolute Ends (Values) vs. Relative Means Correct answer: Pages True/False 13. Like laws of logic and mathematics, the evidence for Moral Law is nonmaterial. Correct answer: True - Page Everyone agrees that absolute morality exists. Correct answer: False - Page The person who denies all values, values his right to deny them. Correct answer: True - Page The Moral Law does not describe how we ought to behave, but rather how we actually behave. Correct answer: False - Page 175

24 17. You can know what s right but not always know what s wrong. Correct answer: False - Pages Atheists have no real basis for objective right and wrong. Correct answer: True - Page 193 Short Answer 19. Briefly explain how the Moral Law helps us know justice or injustice. Correct answer: If there were no Moral Law, then we wouldn t be able to detect evil or injustice of any kind. Without justice, injustice is meaningless. Unless there is an unchanging standard of good, there is no such thing as objective evil. But since we all know that evil exists, then so does the Moral Law. - Page Darwinists take the position that only materials exist. Briefly explain the problem with that assertion when it comes to morality. Correct answer: Materials don t have morality. How do you weigh hate? What is the chemical composition of the murder molecule? You can t select the atom for joy or love. As such, physical particles cannot be responsible for morality. - Page 187

25 Chapter 8 Test Miracles: Signs of God or Gullibility? Fill in the Blanks 1. The theistic God which has been discovered through the Cosmological, Teleological and Moral Arguments is consistent with the. Correct answer: God of the Bible - Page Psalm 19 is an example of what type of revelation?. Correct answer: Natural or General - Page Most miracles occurred during the lifetimes of Moses, Elijah, Elisha, and Jesus and the apostles because it was during that time that God was confirming new. Correct answer: truth - Page If natural laws describe what happens by natural causes then miracles could be said to describe what happens by. Correct answer: Supernatural causes - Page 201 Multiple Choice Circle the correct answer(s) 5. According to the textbook God could use a similar system to the king s seal to authenticate his messages to us. Select the correct system from the list below: a. The Box Top b. Miracles Correct answer - Page 201 c. Nature d. The Galaxies e. Faith 6. For an act of God to be an unmistakable sign from God it must meet certain criteria that would distinguish it from other unusual events. Select all the correct criteria from the list below: a. Cannot be explained naturally Correct answer - Page 211 b. Encourages knowledge and objectivity c. Confirms truth or a messenger of truth Correct answer - Page 211 d. Promotes good or right behavior Correct answer - Page 211 e. All of the above

26 Matching Unusual events differ from miracles. Match the Unusual Events to their proper Traits in the blanks below. Unusual Event Trait 7. Anomalies f 8. Magic e 9. Psychosomatic d 10. Satanic Signs a 11. Providence b 12. Miracles c Correct answer: Page 210 Traits a. Evil, falsehood, occult, limited b. Naturally explained; spiritual context c. Never fails, immediate, lasts, glory to God d. Requires faith; fails for some sickness e. Unnatural and man-controlled f. Natural event with pattern True/False 13. Through using the Law of Noncontradiction we learn that mutually exclusive religions cannot all be true. Correct answer: True - Page Miracles are proven by the fact that the universe has already been created out of nothing. Correct answer: True - Page A baseball player catching a fly ball is an example of overpowering a natural force. Correct answer: True - Page 204 Short Answer 16. Briefly explain why the existence of a theistic God disproves polytheism. Correct answer: It disproves polytheism because God is infinite, and there cannot be more than one infinite Being. To distinguish one from the other, they must differ in some way. If they differ in some way, then on lacks something the other has. If one being lacks something then the lacking being is not infinite because an infinite being, by definition, lack nothing. So there can only be one infinite Being. - Page Briefly describe what a miracle is.

27 Correct answer: A miracle is a special act of God that interrupts the normal course of events. Natural laws describe what happens regularly, by natural causes: miracles, if they occur at all, describe what happens rarely, by supernatural causes. - Pages 201, What does Genesis 1:1 teach us about miracles in general? Correct answer: Genesis 1:1 states: In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. Because the miracle of the creation of the universe is true, then every other miracle in the Bible is easy to believe. - Page Briefly explain Benedict Spinoza s objection to miracles? Correct answer: Natural laws are immutable. That means that there is no way natural laws can be overpowered, interrupted, or interfered with. Since it is impossible to violate immutable laws then miracles are impossible. - Page To disprove the argument that David Hume put forth that the evidence for the regular is always greater than the evidence for the rare, you only need one counterexample. List one counterexample to David Hume s argument. Correct answer(s) (any one of the four listed below are correct) - Page 206 a. The origin of the universe happened only once. b. The origin of life happened only once. c. The origin of new life forms also happened only once. d. In fact, the entire history of the world is comprised of rare, unrepeatable events.

28 Chapter 9 Test Do We Have Early Testimony About Jesus? Fill in the Blanks 1. The historical work Antiquities of the Jews was written by the Jewish historian: Correct answer: Flavius Josephus - Page At last count there are nearly handwritten Greek manuscripts of the New Testament. Correct answer: 5,700 - Page The earliest undisputed manuscript is a segment of John chapter 18 which is known as the fragment. Correct answer: John Rylands - Page To assist in the reconstruction of the New Testament we can use the quotations of the who quoted the New Testament 36,289 times. Correct answer: Early Church Fathers - Page Princeton professor Bruce Metzger estimated that the New Testament is about accurate. Correct answer: 99.5 percent - Page Just like in the case of an automobile accident, the best means of establishing the historical reliability of the New Testament is usually through testimony. Correct answer: Eyewitness - Page 231 Multiple Choice Circle the correct answer(s) 7. Select the correct number of non-christian sources that mention Jesus within 150 years of his life? a. 27 b. 50 c. 18 d. 10 Correct answer - Page 222 e. 93

29 8. Select the items below that support a more accurate reconstruction of the original manuscripts of the New Testament. a. More manuscripts Correct answer - Pages b. Classically written manuscripts c. Abundantly supported manuscripts - Correct answer - Pages d. Objective manuscripts e. Earlier manuscripts Correct answer - Pages Some skeptics say we should have more written about Jesus if he did rise from the dead. Select the correct rebuttals to that argument from the list below: a. Jesus is referenced more than the Roman emperors b. Nine of the New Testament authors were eyewitnesses of the Resurrection c. The contemporaries of Jesus and eyewitnesses of His life and death wrote 27 documents that mention or imply the Resurrection d. All of the above Correct answer - Page 247 e. None of the above 10. The scholar who first identified the early fragments discovered in a cave as New Testament books was: a. John Rylands b. William F. Albright c. Frederic Kenyon d. John A.T. Robinson e. Jose O Callahan Correct answer - Page The total number of manuscript copies we have of the New Testament is: a b c d Correct answer - Page 226 e True/False 12. The oldest manuscripts of the entire New Testament, including all the Gospels, survives from A.D Correct answer: False (survive from A.D. 250) - Page A good way to establish the historical reliability of the New Testament is to see if the testimony contains events or details that are embarrassing to the authors? Correct answer: True - Page 231

30 14. The accuracy of the New Testament is better supported than the best ten pieces of classical literature combined. Correct answer: True - Page If opponents of the eyewitnesses of the New Testament admit certain facts the eyewitnesses say are true, there is a good probability that those facts are false. Correct answer False (the facts are true) - Page 231 Short Answer 16. State briefly what we can learn from the neutral non-christian sources who recorded the historical events and people of the first century? Correct answer: They admit certain facts about early Christianity that help us piece together a storyline that is surprisingly congruent with the New Testament. - Page One of the common objections to the historical reliability of the New Testament listed in the textbook is that Converted People Are Not Objective. Briefly write a response to that objection. Correct answer: People can be objective even when they aren t neutral. Doctors can be objective in their diagnosis of a patient even if that patient is their mother. His passion for the patient may cause him to be more diligent in diagnosing and treating the disease properly. Atheists are not neutral, but they too can present objective facts is the want to. Pages Briefly explain how the destruction of the temple and the city of Jerusalem support the early writings of the New Testament. Correct answer: There is no mention of the fulfillment of the prophecy of the destruction of the temple or the city of Jerusalem in the New Testament. A tragedy of that magnitude would have certainly had an impact on the people of that time. Such a devastation would have been mentioned as part of the historical writings by the authors of the New Testament. And with the temple and city being destroyed in A.D 70 we can see that the writings of the New Testament were before that time or the destruction would have been mentioned. Pages Skeptics think that a 15-to 40-year gap between the life of Christ and the writings about Him is too wide to be reliable. State briefly why their argument is invalid. Correct answer: People can easily remember events that occurred years ago. Historians today write about the 1970 s, 80 s and 90 s by consulting their own memories. The New Testament writers were eyewitnesses themselves so they could easily remember what they saw and heard. In addition they interviewed others (like Luke stated) would could easily corroborate the facts and events. Plus eyewitness accounts within two generations of events do not become myths. Page 244

31 20. Gary Habermas identified forty-one short sections of the New Testament which appear to be creeds (including 1 Corinthians 15). Briefly explain the significance of these creeds in answer to the skeptic s question of why the eyewitnesses didn t write down their testimony earlier? Correct answer: In the oral culture of Jesus time facts may have been put into a memorable form. Compact, easy to remember sayings that could be passed on. These creeds were later captured in writing in the New Testament. - Pages

32 Chapter 10 Test Do We Have Eyewitness Testimony About Jesus? Fill in the Blanks 1. Skeptics are uncomfortable because within the last 16 chapters of Luke, which contain the long list of historically and archeologically, supported facts there are also 35 recorded. Correct answer: miracles - Page Because we know Luke is telling the truth, which other books must also be considered true because of their similarity: and. Correct answers: Matthew and Mark - Page One of the ways we know we have independent eyewitness testimony is that each major author includes and material that only eyewitnesses would know. Correct answer: early and unique - Page 272 Multiple Choice Circle the correct answer(s) 4. Classical scholar and historian Colin Hemer has identified a number of facts in the last 16 chapters of Acts. Select the correct number of facts identified by Hemer below: a. 72 b. 84 Correct answer - Page 256 c. 68 d. 93 e The same events with divergent details is another proof that the New Testament was written by: a. Religious collaborators b. Eyewitnesses Correct answer - Page 272 c. Wise theologians d. Historical experts e. None of the above

33 Matching Identify those who were eyewitnesses of Jesus and those who claimed to be informed by eyewitnesses. Use the letter E for Eyewitness and I for Informed. Name E=Eyewitness, I=Informed 6. Paul E 7. Mary Magdalene E 8. John E 9. Luke I 10. James E 11. Writer of Hebrews I Correct answer - Page 253 True/False 12. Mark includes the most eyewitness details of any of the New Testament writers. Correct answer: False (Luke has the most) - Page Hematohidrosis is further proof of the accuracy of Luke s Gospel regarding Jesus. Correct answer: True - Page There are at least one hundred and thirty characters in the New Testament who have been confirmed as historical by archaeology or non- Christian sources. Correct answer: False (Thirty characters) - Page The New Testament is a collection of independent writings whose accuracy was edited by a single person. Correct answer: False (the New Testament was not edited by a single person) - Page Critics claim that the Gospel of John is a much later work with a verifiable deity-of-christ theology. Correct answer: False (critics claim the Gospel of John has an invented deity-of-christ theology.) - Page 263

34 Short Answer 17. Briefly list two reasons why we can trust the facts in the book of Luke. Correct answers: (any two) - Page 261 a. The book of Acts and the Gospel of Luke contain the same Greek vocabulary and literary style. b. Based on Acts 1:1 Acts is a continuation of the Gospel of Luke c. Luke 1:3 speaks of the same historically detailed and factual information as was seen in the book of Acts. d. Luke names eleven historically confirmed leaders in the first three chapters of his Gospel which have been confirmed by non-christian writers and/or archeologists. 18. An archaeological discovery in 1990 uncovered an ossuary in a tomb in the south of Jerusalem. The inscription on that ossuary was the name of an official who had a great impact on Jesus Christ. Provide the name of that official and what impact they had on Jesus. Correct answer: Ciaphas, the high priest. Caiaphas sentenced Jesus to die. - Page Some skeptics might say the New Testament was just a fictitious novel set in a historical context. Briefly describe two problems with that theory. Correct answers (select any two) - Pages a. The theory can t explain why independent non-christian writers collectively revealed a similar storyline. b. The theory can t explain why the New Testament writers endured persecution, torture, and death. c. Historical novelists usually don t use the names of real people for the main characters in their stories. d. The New Testament contains multiple independent accounts by nine different authors over a 20- to 50-year period with the authors spread across the ancient world. 20. Briefly explain reasons why Theophilus helps us know that Luke s Gospel is accurate. Correct answers: Luke wrote both the book of Acts and the Gospel of Luke to Theophilus. We have already seen that Acts is historically accurate. Luke states that Acts is a continuation of his Gospel in Acts 1:1 which gives us the same confidence in Luke s degree of accuracy in his Gospel. - Page 261

35 Chapter 11 Test The Top Ten Reasons We Know the New Testament Writers Told the Truth Fill in the Blanks 1. The New Testament writers backed up their testimony by abandoning their longheld sacred and. Correct answers: beliefs and practices - Page The New Testament Christian martyrs were different than those of other religions because those Christian martyrs were of the resurrected Christ. Correct answer: Eyewitnesses - Page Matthew 11:19 refers to Jesus as a drunkard. According to the textbook this is an example of the New Testament writers including details about Jesus that seem to place him in a bad light. Correct answer: embarrassing - Page 278 Multiple Choice Circle the correct answer(s) 4. The demanding sayings of Jesus that the New Testament writers included could drive people away from Jesus because: a. They made people feel good about themselves b. People thought Jesus was a prophet c. Most people didn t want the Messiah d. People wanted a religion that had no moral demands Correct answer - Page 280 e. Jesus was a Jew 5. The fact that the New Testament writers included more than thirty historically confirmed people in their writings shows us which of the following about those writers? a. It made them feel important to include powerful people b. They wanted to add credibility to their story so more people would believe it c. They were committed to include the actual people who were part of Jesus life Correct answer - Pages d. Including people of notoriety made their story more acceptable to both Christian and non-christians e. Without those names the New Testament writers feared persecution by the religious leaders