Humanities 3 V. The Scientific Revolution
|
|
- Victoria Lewis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Humanities 3 V. The Scientific Revolution
2 Lecture 22 A Mechanical World
3 Outline The Doctrine of Mechanism Hobbes and the New Science Hobbes Life The Big Picture: Religion and Politics
4 Science and the Unification of Nature No distinction between the celestial and the terrestrial No distinction between natural and unnatural (or violent ) motion All causation is efficient causation All inanimate objects are just matter; no hylomorphic (form-matter) substances Explanation of life remains an outstanding problem in 17th c.
5 Doctrine of Mechanism All natural phenomena can be explained in terms of changes in the sizes, shapes and motions of parts of matter All change is explained in terms of efficient causation, i.e. bodies acting directly on bodies in collision. Nature as a clockwork Later in the 17th c. century the sufficiency of this view is challenged and the need for an independent property of force is recognized (Leibniz, Newton). Kinematics (theory of motion) is replaced by dynamics.
6 Applications of the Doctrine In the Assayer, Galileo argues that there is a fundamental difference between the primary and real attributes of matter (size, shape, motion, and solidity) and those properties we perceive bodies to have on the basis of our senses. from the point of view of the subject in which they seem to inhere, these tastes, odors, colors, etc., are nothing but empty names; rather they inhere only in the sensitive body, such that if one removes the animal, then all these qualities are taken away and annihilated. (p. 185)
7 This is a fundamental challenge to Aristotle s theory of sense perception and represents a first attempt to apply the doctrine of mechanism to human beings (see Leviathan, ch. 1). By itself, it leaves unsettled the question of sensory qualities: if they are not real properties of bodies, what are they? Ideas in a non-material mind (Descartes)? More generally, to what extent can the phenomena of human life be explained mechanistically?
8 Moving forward and backward Galileo takes no stand on such questions. He is content to affirm the orthodox Catholic view of human beings as made in God s image. Rene Descartes ( ) makes a more thorough investigation of these questions and concludes that human beings, unlike animals, consist of a body united to an immaterial conscious, rational mind (dualism). Other thinkers at this time look back to the ancient philosopher, Epicurus (4th c. BCE), who held that the universe consists solely of matter in motion (materialism).
9 Descartes Dualism Mechanism: All physical phenomena can be explained in terms of changes in the size, shape and motion of matter. These occur in accordance with laws of nature established by God. Knowledge: The most reliable source of knowledge is not sensory experience but reason. Our most certain knowledge is of the existence and nature of our own mind. (Cogito ergo sum = I think, therefore I am) Dualism: All substances are either matter or rational minds. The principal attribute of matter is spatial extension. The principal attribute of mind is conscious thought.
10 The Uniqueness of Human Beings Human beings are made in God s image and are the divinely ordained masters of nature We alone have non-material, conscious, rational minds We alone have freedom of will on the basis of which we can choose rightly or wrongly, and are held responsible for our actions.
11 Epicurus Universe The cosmos consists solely of moving particles of matter (atoms) and empty space. When atoms collide they form larger complex structures, including animals, human bodies, and worlds (solar systems) Some of these structures survive, some don t. It all depends on how they interact with the rest of nature. The cosmos exists eternally. The gods, if they exist, care nothing for the concerns of human beings.
12 Epicurus Ethics The only thing good in itself is pleasure; the only thing bad, pain The end, or goal, of human life (=happiness) is a life in which physical pain and psychological disturbance are minimized. The latter is achieved by eliminating fear of death and fear of the gods, and limiting our desires to those that are natural and necessary. Virtue is valuable only as a means to this end. Justice and injustice are merely conventional, as determined by the laws of a state.
13 Thomas Hobbes The philosopher who most clearly advanced these views in the 17th c. was Hobbes, who is most famous for his book Leviathan (1651). In it he argues against the view, common to most ancient Greek philosophy and Christianity, that political life is natural to human beings. Hobbes held that the natural condition of human beings is one of conflict and even war. He reaches this conclusion by starting from a philosophical position similar to Epicurus.
14 Hobbes is a Materialist: the only real things are bodies in motion. Empiricist: all knowledge originates in sense perception, and has as its object particular bodies and their properties. Nominalist: speech can be meaningfully used only to refer to bodies and their properties and to express the desires and aversions of human beings. Reason is nothing but reckoning (that is, adding and subtracting) of the consequences of general names agreed upon for the marking and signifying of our thoughts.
15 Hobbes: A Very Long Life 1588 Hobbes born 1599 Shakespeare, Julius Caesar 1603 Death of Elizabeth I, coronation of James I; Hobbes enters Oxford 1605 Gunpowder Plot Bacon, Advancement of Learning 1611 Publication of King James Bible 1616 Death of Shakespeare 1620 Bacon, New Organon 1620s Hobbes serves as Bacon s secretary
16 Hobbes and the English Civil War English Civil War begins (central issue: the balance of power between king and parliament, especially in the levying of taxes); Hobbes publishes his first political treatise (De Cive) in Paris. Execution of Charles I; Commonwealth instituted under Oliver Cromwell. Leviathan published; Hobbes returns to England. Restoration of Charles II.
17 Hobbes debate with Boyle over the vacuum and the pressure of air Founding of the Royal Society Milton, Paradise Lost Hobbes publishes verse translations of Iliad and Odyssey 1679 Hobbes death (aged 91) Oxford condemns and burns De Cive and Leviathan Publication of Newton s Principia
18 The Big Picture: Religion and Politics By the end of the 16th century, the monolithic authority of the Roman Catholic church has broken down; Europe faces irresolvable disagreement over religion, and endless war (fought on religious and political grounds). Thinkers such as Montaigne urge the virtue of toleration (Catholics and Lutherans in Germany; Jews in Amsterdam). Missing is a philosophical framework in which individual liberty (esp. freedom of conscience) can be upheld within a stable political order.
19 Two stumbling blocks: the relation of religion and science the relation of religion and politics Galileo claims to have a solution to the first problem but has nothing to say about the second. Hobbes goes further in challenging traditional theological assumptions about human beings, and claiming that a stable political solution can be found, based on a revised scientific understanding of human beings.
20 Hobbes Ethical Theory Given Hobbes starting points (materialism, empiricism, nominalism), he is led to a radically new understanding of ethics as the science of passions. (ch. 6; see ch. 4 [24]) Passions are just motions of matter: the small beginnings of motion within the body of man, before they appear in walking, speaking, striking, and other visible actions. Passions are of two basic types: the endeavor toward something is appetite or desire ; the endeavor away from something is aversion. The other passions are defined in terms of these.
21 The Relativity of Good and Evil But whatsoever is the object of any man s appetite or desire that is it which he for his part calleth good; and the object of his hate and aversion, evil; and of his contempt, vile and inconsiderable. For these words of good, evil, and contemptible are ever used with relation to the person that uses them, there being nothing simply and absolutely so, nor any common rule of good and evil to be taken from the nature of the objects themselves, but from the person of the man, where there is no commonwealth, or, in a commonwealth, from the person that representeth it, or from an arbitrator or judge whom men disagreeing shall by consent set up and make his sentence the rule thereof.
Humanities 3 V. The Scientific Revolution
Humanities 3 V. The Scientific Revolution Lecture 23 The State of Nature Outline Background to Hobbes Thought Hobbes and the English Civil War The Big Picture: Religion and Politics The Argument of Leviathan
More informationRoots of Psychology Aristotle and Descartes
Roots of Psychology Aristotle and Descartes Aristotle s Hylomorphism Dualism of matter and form A commitment shared with Plato that entities are identified by their form But, unlike Plato, did not accept
More informationEMPIRICISM & EMPIRICAL PHILOSOPHY
EMPIRICISM & EMPIRICAL PHILOSOPHY One of the most remarkable features of the developments in England was the way in which the pioneering scientific work was influenced by certain philosophers, and vice-versa.
More informationPhilosophy 168. Descartes Fall, 2011 G. J. Mattey. Introductory Remarks
Philosophy 168 Descartes Fall, 2011 G. J. Mattey Introductory Remarks René Descartes Born 1596, La Haye, France Died 1650, Stockholm, Sweden Single One daughter, died at age six Primary education at La
More informationAPEH ch 14.notebook October 23, 2012
Chapter 14 Scientific Revolution During the 16th and 17th centuries, a few European thinkers questioned classical and medieval beliefs about nature, and developed a scientific method based on reason and
More informationRené Descartes ( ) PSY 3360 / CGS 3325 Historical Perspectives on Psychology Minds and Machines since Descartes
PSY 3360 / CGS 3325 Historical Perspectives on Psychology Minds and Machines since 1600 René Descartes (1596-1650) Dr. Peter Assmann Spring 2018 French mathematician, philosopher, and physiologist Descartes
More informationNAME DATE CLASS. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Lesson 1 The Scientific Revolution. Moscow
Lesson 1 The Scientific Revolution ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do new ideas change the way people live? GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How were the scientific ideas of early thinkers passed on to later generations? 2.
More informationPOLI 342: MODERN WESTERN POLITICAL THOUGHT
POLI 342: MODERN WESTERN POLITICAL THOUGHT THE POLITICS OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1685-1815) Lecturers: Dr. E. Aggrey-Darkoh, Department of Political Science Contact Information: eaggrey-darkoh@ug.edu.gh College
More informationAPEH Chapter 6.notebook October 19, 2015
Chapter 6 Scientific Revolution During the 16th and 17th centuries, a few European thinkers questioned classical and medieval beliefs about nature, and developed a scientific method based on reason and
More informationPL 406 HISTORY OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY Fall 2009
PL 406 HISTORY OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY Fall 2009 DAY / TIME: T & TH 10:30 11:45 A.M. INSTRUCTOR: PROF. JEAN-LUC SOLÈRE OFFICE: DEP. OF PHILOSOPHY, # 390 21 Campanella Way, 3 rd Floor TEL: 2-4670 OFFICE HOURS:
More information- medieval view: world was made by God & rationally ordered - hierarchy of both heaven & earth - signs of God everywhere
1 Psychology 4910 Chapter 5: The Scientific Revolution (approx. 1600 1799, 15 th and 16 th centuries) - medieval view: world was made by God & rationally ordered - hierarchy of both heaven & earth - signs
More informationPHILOSOPHY OF KNOWLEDGE & REALITY W E E K 3 : N A T U R E O F R E A L I T Y
PHILOSOPHY OF KNOWLEDGE & REALITY W E E K 3 : N A T U R E O F R E A L I T Y AGENDA 1. Review of Personal Identity 2. The Stuff of Reality 3. Materialistic/Physicalism 4. Immaterial/Idealism PERSONAL IDENTITY
More informationSupplemental Material 2a: The Proto-psychologists. In this presentation, we will have a short review of the Scientific Revolution and the
Supplemental Material 2a: The Proto-psychologists Introduction In this presentation, we will have a short review of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment period. Thus, we will briefly examine
More informationMind s Eye Idea Object
Do the ideas in our mind resemble the qualities in the objects that caused these ideas in our minds? Mind s Eye Idea Object Does this resemble this? In Locke s Terms Even if we accept that the ideas in
More informationWelcome back to WHAP! Monday, January 29, 2018
Welcome back to WHAP! Monday, January 29, 2018 Turn your PERIOD 4 MAPS into the tray! We are studying the Scientific Revolution today. Be ready to take some notes. -> Choose an identity for tomorrow s
More informationPHILOSOPHY OF KNOWLEDGE & REALITY W E E K 4 : I M M A T E R I A L I S M, D U A L I S M, & T H E M I N D - B O D Y P R O B L E M
PHILOSOPHY OF KNOWLEDGE & REALITY W E E K 4 : I M M A T E R I A L I S M, D U A L I S M, & T H E M I N D - B O D Y P R O B L E M AGENDA 1. Quick Review 2. Arguments Against Materialism/Physicalism (continued)
More information! Jumping ahead 2000 years:! Consider the theory of the self.! What am I? What certain knowledge do I have?! Key figure: René Descartes.
! Jumping ahead 2000 years:! Consider the theory of the self.! What am I? What certain knowledge do I have?! What is the relation between that knowledge and that given in the sciences?! Key figure: René
More informationThe Scientific Revolution. Foundation of Modernity Presented By: Tiffany Forward, Melissa Lye, and Nadine Rockwood.
The Scientific Revolution Foundation of Modernity 1600-1700 Presented By: Tiffany Forward, Melissa Lye, and Nadine Rockwood overview Before the scientific revolution World view was profoundly spiritual
More informationPHILOSOPHY OF KNOWLEDGE & REALITY W E E K 3 D A Y 2 : I M M A T E R I A L I S M, D U A L I S M, & T H E M I N D - B O D Y P R O B L E M
PHILOSOPHY OF KNOWLEDGE & REALITY W E E K 3 D A Y 2 : I M M A T E R I A L I S M, D U A L I S M, & T H E M I N D - B O D Y P R O B L E M AGENDA 1. Quick Review 2. Arguments Against Materialism/Physicalism
More informationEmergence of Modern Science
Chapter 16 Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: The Scientific Revolution and the Learning Objectives Emergence of Modern Science In this chapter, students will focus on: The developments during the Middle
More informationSyllabus. Primary Sources, 2 edition. Hackett, Various supplementary handouts, available in class and on the course website.
Philosophy 203: History of Modern Western Philosophy Spring 2011 Tuesdays, Thursdays: 9am - 10:15am Benedict 105 Hamilton College Russell Marcus Office: 210 College Hill Road, Room 201 email: rmarcus1@hamilton.edu
More informationJohn Locke Institute 2018 Essay Competition (Philosophy)
John Locke Institute 2018 Essay Competition (Philosophy) Question 1: On 17 December 1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright's plane was airborne for twelve seconds, covering a distance of 36.5 metres. Just seven
More informationFrom Rationalism to Empiricism
From Rationalism to Empiricism Rationalism vs. Empiricism Empiricism: All knowledge ultimately rests upon sense experience. All justification (our reasons for thinking our beliefs are true) ultimately
More informationHobbes s Natural Condition and His Natural Science
Hobbes s Natural Condition and His Natural Science Very early in Leviathan, before the end of chapter two (2.8), Thomas Hobbes says that there are political consequences of his explanation of perception,
More informationRobert Kiely Office Hours: Monday 4:15 6:00; Wednesday 1-3; Thursday 2-3
A History of Philosophy: Nature, Certainty, and the Self Fall, 2014 Robert Kiely oldstuff@imsa.edu Office Hours: Monday 4:15 6:00; Wednesday 1-3; Thursday 2-3 Description How do we know what we know? Epistemology,
More informationSyllabus. Primary Sources, 2 edition. Hackett, Various supplementary handouts, available in class and on the course website.
Philosophy 203: History of Modern Western Philosophy Spring 2012 Tuesdays, Thursdays: 9am - 10:15am SC G041 Hamilton College Russell Marcus Office: 202 College Hill Road, Upstairs email: rmarcus1@hamilton.edu
More informationReading Questions for Phil , Fall 2013 (Daniel)
1 Reading Questions for Phil 412.200, Fall 2013 (Daniel) Class Two: Descartes Meditations I & II (Aug. 28) For Descartes, why can t knowledge gained through sense experience be trusted as the basis of
More informationCONTENTS. CHAPTER 1. CHAPTER II. THE PROBLEM OF DESCARTES, -
CONTENTS. CHAPTER 1. THE PROBLEM OF DESCARTES, - Aristotle and Descartes, 1. Augustine's treatment of the problem of knowledge, 4. The advance from Augustine to Descartes, 10. The influence of the mathematical
More informationDescartes to Early Psychology. Phil 255
Descartes to Early Psychology Phil 255 Descartes World View Rationalism: the view that a priori considerations could lay the foundations for human knowledge. (i.e. Think hard enough and you will be lead
More informationPHIL*2160 Early Modern Philosophy: Reason vs. Experience
PHIL*2160 Early Modern Philosophy: Reason vs. Experience Winter 2019 Section(s): C01 Department of Philosophy Credit Weight: 0.50 Version 1.00 - January 07, 2019 1 Course Details 1.1 Calendar Description
More informationThe Theory of Reality: A Critical & Philosophical Elaboration
55 The Theory of Reality: A Critical & Philosophical Elaboration Anup Kumar Department of Philosophy Jagannath University Email: anupkumarjnup@gmail.com Abstract Reality is a concept of things which really
More informationMetaphysics and Philosophy of Mind. About Philosophy Chapter 3
Metaphysics and Philosophy of Mind About Philosophy Chapter 3 What is Metaphysics Aristotle- First Philosophy ta meta ta physika biblia : the books which come a@er the physics Metaphysics- the study of
More informationRationalism. A. He, like others at the time, was obsessed with questions of truth and doubt
Rationalism I. Descartes (1596-1650) A. He, like others at the time, was obsessed with questions of truth and doubt 1. How could one be certain in the absence of religious guidance and trustworthy senses
More informationProperties and Predications
Properties and Predications Fall 2016 Instructors: Paul Audi Alison Peterman Contact: paul.audi@rochester.edu alison.peterman@rochester.edu Office Hours: M&W, 12-1, and by appointment Mondays, 10:30-12:30
More informationCartesian Dualism. I am not my body
Cartesian Dualism I am not my body Dualism = two-ism Concerning human beings, a (substance) dualist says that the mind and body are two different substances (things). The brain is made of matter, and part
More informationIntroduction to Philosophy Levels 1 and 2
Unit 1: The Origins of Philosophy Suggested Duration: about 10 days Introduction to Philosophy Levels 1 and 2 Access the SAS content at: www.pdesas.org Standards, Big Ideas, and Essential Questions Concepts
More informationLecture 7.1 Berkeley I
TOPIC: Lecture 7.1 Berkeley I Introduction to the Representational view of the mind. Berkeley s Argument from Illusion. KEY TERMS/ GOALS: Idealism. Naive realism. Representations. Berkeley s Argument from
More informationTHE LEIBNIZ CLARKE DEBATES
THE LEIBNIZ CLARKE DEBATES Background: Newton claims that God has to wind up the universe. His health The Dispute with Newton Newton s veiled and Crotes open attacks on the plenists The first letter to
More informationIntroduction to Philosophy
Introduction to Philosophy As soon as Sophie had closed the gate behind her she opened the envelope. It contained only a slip of paper no bigger than envelope. It read: Who are you? Nothing else, only
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CALICUT QUESTION BANK
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION B.A PHILOSOPHY (2011 ADMISSION ONWARDS) VI SEMESTER CORE COURSE MODERN WESTERN PHILOSOPHY QUESTION BANK Unit-1: Spirit of Modern Philosophy 1. Who among
More informationPhilosophy of Science PHIL 241, MW 12:00-1:15
Philosophy of Science PHIL 241, MW 12:00-1:15 Naomi Fisher nfisher@clarku.edu (508) 793-7648 Office: 35 Beck (Philosophy) House (on the third floor) Office hours: MR 10:00-11:00 and by appointment Course
More informationThe British Empiricism
The British Empiricism Locke, Berkeley and Hume copyleft: nicolazuin.2018 nowxhere.wordpress.com The terrible heritage of Descartes: Skepticism, Empiricism, Rationalism The problem originates from the
More informationPhilosophy of Mind PHIL 255. Chris Eliasmith T/Th 4-5:20p AL 208
Philosophy of Mind PHIL 255 Chris Eliasmith T/Th 4-5:20p AL 208 The Traditional View: Dualism A healthy body is a guest chamber for the soul: a sick body is a prison. (Francis Bacon) We are bound to our
More informationThink by Simon Blackburn. Chapter 7a The World
Think by Simon Blackburn Chapter 7a The World What s real? This chapter basically concern the question: What is real? Of course, everything is real in some sense of the word. Your dreams, hallucinations,
More informationJohn Protevi Hobbes, Leviathan
1 This is a masterpiece, both its prose and its concepts. Hobbes was scandalous in his time, and still is to many people. We ll look at 1) his materialism; 2) his view of human nature; 3) the problem of
More informationChapter 16 George Berkeley s Immaterialism and Subjective Idealism
Chapter 16 George Berkeley s Immaterialism and Subjective Idealism Key Words Immaterialism, esse est percipi, material substance, sense data, skepticism, primary quality, secondary quality, substratum
More information1/8. Descartes 3: Proofs of the Existence of God
1/8 Descartes 3: Proofs of the Existence of God Descartes opens the Third Meditation by reminding himself that nothing that is purely sensory is reliable. The one thing that is certain is the cogito. He
More informationWorldviews Foundations - Unit 318
Worldviews Foundations - Unit 318 Week 4 Today s Most Common Worldviews and Why we think the way we do? Riverview Church Term 4, 2016 Page 1 of 7 C/ Eastern Pantheistic Monism Three factors brought this
More information131 seventeenth-century news
131 seventeenth-century news Michael Edwards. Time and The Science of The Soul In Early Modern Philosophy. Brill s Studies in Intellectual History 224. Leiden: Brill, 2013. x + 224 pp. $128.00. Review
More informationThe Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment By History.com, adapted by Newsela staff on 10.13.17 Word Count 927 Level 1040L A public lecture about a model solar system, with a lamp in place of the sun illuminating the faces
More informationEpistemology. Diogenes: Master Cynic. The Ancient Greek Skeptics 4/6/2011. But is it really possible to claim knowledge of anything?
Epistemology a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human knowledge (Dictionary.com v 1.1). Epistemology attempts to answer the question how do we know what
More informationIntro. The need for a philosophical vocabulary
Critical Realism & Philosophy Webinar Ruth Groff August 5, 2015 Intro. The need for a philosophical vocabulary You don t have to become a philosopher, but just as philosophers should know their way around
More informationA. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately below.
AP European History Mr. Mercado (Rev. 08) Chapter 18 Toward a New World-View Name A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately
More informationPhilosophy 18: Early Modern Philosophy
Philosophy 18: Early Modern Philosophy Matthew Silverstein Spring 2009 Contact Information Office: 204 Cooper House Office Hours: Wednesday, 2:00 5:00 pm, and by appointment Email: mesilverstein@amherst.edu
More informationCategories and On Interpretation. Philosophy 21 Fall, 2004 G. J. Mattey
Categories and On Interpretation Philosophy 21 Fall, 2004 G. J. Mattey Aristotle Born 384 BC From Stagira, ancient Macedonia Student and lecturer in Plato s Academy Teacher of Alexander the Great Founder
More informationLecture 18: Rationalism
Lecture 18: Rationalism I. INTRODUCTION A. Introduction Descartes notion of innate ideas is consistent with rationalism Rationalism is a view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification.
More informationPrerequisite. One course in philosophy. Texts
Philosophy 307: Descartes, Locke and the 17 th Century 3.0 Credits Where: Frelinghuysen Hall Room A1 (in the basement) When: MW 6:00PM-10:20PM Course Website: https://sakai.rutgers.edu/ Course Instructor:
More informationPrepared by: John Culp (626) , ext. 5243, Duke 241 Office Hours: MW 2:00-4:00 PM Other times by appointment
AZUSA PACIFIC UNIVERSITY Undergraduate Division of Religion and Philosophy School of Theology Course Instruction Plan Course: PHIL320, History of Modern Philosophy Prepared by: John Culp (626)815-6000,
More informationBackground to Early Modern Philosophy. Philosophy 22 Fall, 2009 G. J. Mattey
Background to Early Modern Philosophy Philosophy 22 Fall, 2009 G. J. Mattey Modern Philosophy The modern period in Western philosophy began in the seventeenth century In its primary sense, modern philosophy
More informationSo how does Descartes doubt everything?
Descartes and the First Two Meditations 9/15 I. Descartes Motivations - Descartes begins the meditations by mentioning that he was taught and accepted many falsehoods in his youth, and that his beliefs
More informationMaterialism and the Activity of Matter in Seventeenth-Century European Philosophy. Stewart Duncan. 23 May 2016
Materialism and the Activity of Matter in Seventeenth-Century European Philosophy Stewart Duncan 23 May 2016 1. Introduction The question of materialism about the mind might seem to be a simple one: can
More informationTo be able to define human nature and psychological egoism. To explain how our views of human nature influence our relationships with other
Velasquez, Philosophy TRACK 1: CHAPTER REVIEW CHAPTER 2: Human Nature 2.1: Why Does Your View of Human Nature Matter? Learning objectives: To be able to define human nature and psychological egoism To
More information5AANA003 MODERN PHILOSOPHY II: LOCKE AND BERKELEY
School of Arts & Humanities Department of Philosophy 5AANA003 MODERN PHILOSOPHY II: LOCKE AND BERKELEY Syllabus Academic year 2013/4 Basic information Credits: 15 Module Tutor: Professor J. R. Milton Office:
More informationLogic, Truth & Epistemology. Ross Arnold, Summer 2014 Lakeside institute of Theology
Logic, Truth & Epistemology Ross Arnold, Summer 2014 Lakeside institute of Theology Philosophical Theology 1 (TH5) Aug. 15 Intro to Philosophical Theology; Logic Aug. 22 Truth & Epistemology Aug. 29 Metaphysics
More informationLogical behaviourism
Michael Lacewing Logical behaviourism THE THEORY Logical behaviourism is a form of physicalism, but it does not attempt to reduce mental properties states, events and so on to physical properties directly.
More informationNew Chapter: Epistemology: The Theory and Nature of Knowledge
Intro to Philosophy Phil 110 Lecture 14: 2-22 Daniel Kelly I. Mechanics A. Upcoming Readings 1. Today we ll discuss a. Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding b. Berkeley, Three Dialogues Between
More informationCartesian Dualism. I am not my body
Cartesian Dualism I am not my body Dualism = two-ism Concerning human beings, a (substance) dualist says that the mind and body are two different substances (things). The brain is made of matter, and part
More informationGeorge Berkeley. The Principles of Human Knowledge. Review
George Berkeley The Principles of Human Knowledge Review To be is to be perceived Obvious to the Mind all those bodies which compose the earth have no subsistence without a mind, their being is to be perceived
More informationBIBLICAL INTEGRATION IN SCIENCE AND MATH. September 29m 2016
BIBLICAL INTEGRATION IN SCIENCE AND MATH September 29m 2016 REFLECTIONS OF GOD IN SCIENCE God s wisdom is displayed in the marvelously contrived design of the universe and its parts. God s omnipotence
More informationDualism: What s at stake?
Dualism: What s at stake? Dualists posit that reality is comprised of two fundamental, irreducible types of stuff : Material and non-material Material Stuff: Includes all the familiar elements of the physical
More informationAnswer the following in your notebook:
Answer the following in your notebook: Explain to what extent you agree with the following: 1. At heart people are generally rational and make well considered decisions. 2. The universe is governed by
More informationChapter 18 David Hume: Theory of Knowledge
Key Words Chapter 18 David Hume: Theory of Knowledge Empiricism, skepticism, personal identity, necessary connection, causal connection, induction, impressions, ideas. DAVID HUME (1711-76) is one of the
More informationPrevious Final Examinations Philosophy 1
Previous Final Examinations Philosophy 1 For each question, please write a short answer of about one paragraph in length. The answer should be written out in full sentences, not simple phrases. No books,
More informationPhilosophy 1100 Introduction to Ethics. Lecture 3 Survival of Death?
Question 1 Philosophy 1100 Introduction to Ethics Lecture 3 Survival of Death? How important is it to you whether humans survive death? Do you agree or disagree with the following view? Given a choice
More informationIntroductory Kant Seminar Lecture
Introductory Kant Seminar Lecture Intentionality It is not unusual to begin a discussion of Kant with a brief review of some history of philosophy. What is perhaps less usual is to start with a review
More informationHellenistic Philosophy
Hellenistic Philosophy Hellenistic Period: Last quarter of the 4 th century BCE (death of Alexander the Great) to end of the 1 st century BCE (fall of Egypt to the Romans). 3 Schools: Epicureans: Founder
More informationThe Age of Enlightenment: Philosophes
Era of Revolutions The Age of Enlightenment: Philosophes The Characteristics of the Enlightenment 1. Rationalism reason is the arbiter of all things. 2. Cosmology a new concept of man, his existence on
More informationThomas Hobbes ( )
Student Handout 3.1 University of Oxford, England. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Hobbes was born in England. He did much traveling through France and Italy. During his travels, he met the astronomer Galileo
More informationHoltzman Spring Philosophy and the Integration of Knowledge
Holtzman Spring 2000 Philosophy and the Integration of Knowledge What is synthetic or integrative thinking? Of course, to integrate is to bring together to unify, to tie together or connect, to make a
More informationFrom Descartes to Locke. Sense Perception And The External World
From Descartes to Locke Sense Perception And The External World Descartes Third Meditation Descartes aim in the third Meditation is to demonstrate the existence of God, using only what (after Med. s 1
More informationWilliam Meehan Essay on Spinoza s psychology.
William Meehan wmeehan@wi.edu Essay on Spinoza s psychology. Baruch (Benedictus) Spinoza is best known in the history of psychology for his theory of the emotions and for being the first modern thinker
More informationTOWARD A SYNTHESIS OF SCIENCE AND SPIRITUALITY
TOWARD A SYNTHESIS OF SCIENCE AND SPIRITUALITY Science developed by separating itself from religion. It needed to distinguish itself from the medieval-scholastic view of the world about four hundred years
More informationA Quick Review of the Scientific Method Transcript
Screen 1: Marketing Research is based on the Scientific Method. A quick review of the Scientific Method, therefore, is in order. Text based slide. Time Code: 0:00 A Quick Review of the Scientific Method
More informationLudwig Feuerbach The Essence of Christianity (excerpts) 1 PHIL101 Prof. Oakes updated: 10/23/13 9:10 AM. Section III: How do I know? Reading III.
Ludwig Feuerbach The Essence of Christianity (excerpts) 1 PHIL101 Prof. Oakes updated: 10/23/13 9:10 AM Section III: How do I know? Reading III.6 The German philosopher, Ludwig Feuerbach, develops a humanist
More informationCHRISTIANITY AND THE NATURE OF SCIENCE J.P. MORELAND
CHRISTIANITY AND THE NATURE OF SCIENCE J.P. MORELAND I. Five Alleged Problems with Theology and Science A. Allegedly, science shows there is no need to postulate a god. 1. Ancients used to think that you
More informationThe History of Philosophy. Plato vs. the atomists
The History of Philosophy Plato vs. the atomists Plato s Cave To explain what happens to a student who begins to study philosophy (e.g. science) Plato tells a story about people initially trapped in a
More informationPhilosophy 431 Macallister 5055 Course Syllabus Office:
Seminar in Rationalism and Empiricism Dr. James A. Stieb Philosophy 431 Macallister 5055 Course Syllabus Office: 215-895-4900 Spring 2007 stiebja@drexel.edu Hours: MWF 11-12pm Course Information: Seminar
More informationFrom Brains in Vats.
From Brains in Vats. To God; And even to Myself, To a Malicious Demon; But, with I am, I exist (or Cogito ergo sum, i.e., I think therefore I am ), we have found the ultimate foundation. The place where
More informationChapter Six. Aristotle s Theory of Causation and the Ideas of Potentiality and Actuality
Chapter Six Aristotle s Theory of Causation and the Ideas of Potentiality and Actuality Key Words: Form and matter, potentiality and actuality, teleological, change, evolution. Formal cause, material cause,
More informationPhilosophy Courses in English
FACOLTÀ DI STUDI UMANISTICI DIPARTIMENTO DI FILOSOFIA Philosophy Courses in English - 2014-2015 During the Academic Year 2014-2015, the Department of Philosophy offers the following five courses in English:
More informationPhilosophy 203 History of Modern Western Philosophy. Russell Marcus Hamilton College Spring 2015
Philosophy 203 History of Modern Western Philosophy Russell Marcus Hamilton College Spring 2015 Class #7 - Hobbes Marcus, Modern Philosophy, Slide 1 Business P Concentration declarations are due on Friday.
More informationIntroduction to Deductive and Inductive Thinking 2017
Topic 1: READING AND INTERVENING by Ian Hawkins. Introductory i The Philosophy of Natural Science 1. CONCEPTS OF REALITY? 1.1 What? 1.2 How? 1.3 Why? 1.4 Understand various views. 4. Reality comprises
More informationThe Dark Side of the Enlightenment
The Dark Side of the Enlightenment By Yoram Hazony, May 6, 2018 A lot of people are selling Enlightenment these days. After the Brexit vote and the election of President Trump, David Brooks published a
More informationDBQ FOCUS: The Scientific Revolution
NAME: DATE: CLASS: DBQ FOCUS: The Scientific Revolution Document-Based Question Format Directions: The following question is based on the accompanying Documents (The documents have been edited for the
More informationout in his Three Dialogues and Principles of Human Knowledge, gives an argument specifically
That Thing-I-Know-Not-What by [Perm #7903685] The philosopher George Berkeley, in part of his general thesis against materialism as laid out in his Three Dialogues and Principles of Human Knowledge, gives
More informationLOCKE STUDIES Vol ISSN: X
LOCKE STUDIES Vol. 18 https://doi.org/10.5206/ls.2018.3525 ISSN: 2561-925X Submitted: 28 JUNE 2018 Published online: 30 JULY 2018 For more information, see this article s homepage. 2018. Nathan Rockwood
More informationHere's a rough guide to topics that we discussed in class and that may come up in the exam.
Contemporary Civilization ~ Fall 2004 STUDY GUIDE FOR FINAL EXAM Here's a rough guide to topics that we discussed in class and that may come up in the exam. Mediaeval Philosophy General problem common
More informationIntroduction to Philosophy Philosophy 110W Fall 2014 Russell Marcus
Introduction to Philosophy Philosophy 110W Fall 2014 Russell Marcus Class #13 - Plato and the Soul Theory of Self Marcus, Introduction to Philosophy, Fall 2014, Slide 1 Business P Papers back May be revised
More informationThe Problem of Normativity
The Problem of Normativity facts moral judgments Enlightenment Legacy Two thoughts emerge from the Enlightenment in the17th and 18th centuries that shape the ideas of the Twentieth Century I. Normativity
More information