Everything s an Argument Guided Study Notes, Chapters Chapter 16: What Counts in Evidence

Transcription

1 Everything s an Argument Guided Study Notes, Chapters Chapter 16: What Counts in Evidence Name: Date: Per ) Quality of evidence is defined by what three things? A. B. C. 2) To be most persuasive, evidence should 3) Firsthand evidence comes, and much of this kind of research 4) Kinds of Firsthand Evidence: A. Observations Why are eyewitnesses unreliable? Getting down a faithful record of an observation requires and. Before you begin an observation, decide and anticipate. What are the five guidelines to achieve best results with observations? 5. B. Interviews Why/when are interviews beneficial?

2 What are the four guidelines for interviews? 5. C. Surveys/Questionnaires Any question posed should be, and designed so that. What is the most number of questions most people will answer before getting annoyed? 20 What are the nine guidelines for surveys & questionnaires?

3 D. Experiments When is an informal experiment effective? When is an informal experiment ineffective? E. Personal Experience Personal experience can serve as powerful evidence Personal experience is insufficient to carry an argument if. Personal experience is especially effective for. F. Secondhand Research and Evidence Library Sources Secondhand evidence comes from such as You should begin with library databases instead of a web search because Library databases are What are the four questions to begin research? Online Sources What method of searching for sources does Yahoo use?

4 What method of searching for sources does Google use? Using the word and between keywords usually indicates Using or between keywords usually instructs, whereas using not tells the computer to. G. Using Evidence Effectively After you gather data, you must turn that data into Considering Audience When connecting with an audience, you want to present yourself as and, but you also need to think carefully about the way your evidence. What are three questions to consider? Timeliness is important to audiences because Building Critical Mass Critical mass, as it relates to evidence, What should you do if you don t have enough evidence or the right kind of evidence? Arranging Evidence Where should you position your strongest evidence? (key places) You should try to achieve a balance between and the.

5 Chapter 17: Fallacies of Argument 5) Fallacies are arguments ; therefore, you should. 6) It might be wise to think of fallacies not in terms of error you can detect and expose in someone else s work, (including the person using them) because. 7) Flashpoints of Emotional Argument A. Scare Tactics are when Why do scare tactics work? B. Either-Or Choices simplify arguments and give them power When can either-or arguments act like most scare tactics? C. Slippery Slope describes an argument that casts today s tiny misstep A slippery slope argument becomes a flashpoint when D. Sentimental Appeals are arguments that use When are these types of appeals used often? E. Bandwagon Appeals are arguments that urge people 8) Flashpoints of Ethical Argument A. Appeals to False Authority include drawing on the False authority occurs chiefly when writers B. Dogmatism occurs when a writer attempts to

6 C. Moral Equivalence is more common today than in earlier decades and suggests that. D. Ad Hominem Arguments are attacks directed at What is the main point of these types of arguments? 9) Flashpoints of Logical Argument A. Hasty Generalization is an. It also forms the basis for. Because a few people in a large group are observed to act in a certain way, one infers that B. Faulty Causality is the C. Begging the Question is a form of Give an example: D. Equivocation is usually Give an example: E. Non Sequitur is an argument in which Give an example: F. The Straw Man is an attack, one that s much G. Faulty Analogy is an