National Quali cations SPECIMEN ONLY

Transcription

1 N5 S864/75/11 National Qualications SPECIMEN ONLY Religious, Moral and Philosophical Studies Date Not applicable Duration 2 hours 20 minutes Total s 80 SECTION 1 WORLD RELIGION 27 s Attempt ONE Part SECTION 2 MORALITY AND BELIEF 27 s Attempt ONE Part SECTION 3 RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS 26 s Attempt ONE Part Write your answers clearly in the answer booklet provided. In the answer booklet you must clearly identify the question number you are attempting. Use blue or black ink. Before leaving the examination room you must give your answer booklet to the Invigilator; if you do not, you may lose all the s for this paper. *S *

2 SECTION 1 WORLD RELIGION Attempt ONE Part PARTS A. Buddhism page 03 B. Christianity page 04 C. Hinduism page 05 D. Islam page 06 E. Judaism page 07 F. Sikhism page 08 SECTION 2 MORALITY AND BELIEF Attempt ONE Part PARTS A. Morality and Justice page 09 B. Morality and Relationships page 10 C. Morality, Environment and Global Issues page 11 D. Morality, Medicine and the Human Body page 12 E. Morality and Conflict page 13 SECTION 3 RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS Attempt ONE Part PARTS A. Origins page 14 B. The Existence of God page 15 C. The Problem of Suffering and Evil page 16 D. Miracles page 17 page 02

3 SECTION 1 WORLD RELIGION 27 s Attempt ONE Part MARKS Part A Buddhism Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied Buddhism. 1. (a) Describe what Buddhism teaches about human beings. (b) Buddhist belief about human beings is too negative. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer (a) Describe what Buddhists mean by Nibbana. (b) Explain why achieving Nibbana is important for Buddhists today Performing the puja with others is essential for Buddhists. Would all Buddhists agree? Give reasons for your answer. 8 [Turn over page 03

4 Part B Christianity MARKS Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied Christianity. 4. (a) Describe what Christianity teaches about human beings. (b) Christian belief about human beings is too negative. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer (a) Describe what Christians believe about Jesus. (b) Explain why following Jesus teaching and example is important for Christians today To be a Christian, it is essential to worship with others. Would all Christians agree? Give reasons for your answer. 8 page 04

5 Part C Hinduism MARKS Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied Hinduism. 7. (a) Describe what Hinduism teaches about human beings. (b) Hindu belief about human beings is too negative. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer (a) Describe what Hindus mean by moksha. (b) Explain why achieving moksha is important for Hindus today To be a Hindu, it is essential to worship with others. Would all Hindus agree? Give reasons for your answer. 8 [Turn over page 05

6 Part D Islam MARKS Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied Islam. 10. (a) Describe what Islam teaches about human beings. (b) Muslim belief about human beings is too negative. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer (a) Describe what Muslims believe about Muhammad. (b) Explain why following Muhammad s example is important for Muslims today To be a Muslim, it is essential to worship with others. Would all Muslims agree? Give reasons for your answer. 8 page 06

7 Part E Judaism MARKS Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied Judaism. 13. (a) Describe what Judaism teaches about human beings. (b) Jewish belief about human beings is too negative. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer (a) Describe what Jews mean by the Torah. (b) Explain why following the Torah is important for Jews today To be a Jew, it is essential to worship with others. Would all Jews agree? Give reasons for your answer. 8 [Turn over page 07

8 Part F Sikhism MARKS Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied Sikhism. 16. (a) Describe what Sikhism teaches about human beings. (b) Sikh belief about human beings is too negative. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer (a) Describe what Sikhs mean by Jivan Mukta. (b) Explain why following Jivan Mukta is important for Sikhs today To be a Sikh, it is essential to worship with others. Would all Sikhs agree? Give reasons for your answer. 8 page 08

9 SECTION 2 MORALITY AND BELIEF 27 s Attempt ONE Part MARKS Part A Morality and Justice Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied Morality and Justice. 19. What moral issues are raised by punishment? (a) Describe some ways in which criminals are punished in the UK. (b) Choose a non religious view you have studied. Explain what it says about the purpose of punishment. (c) Religion is too soft on people who commit crimes. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer No crime deserves the death penalty. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. 8 [Turn over page 09

10 Part B Morality and Relationships MARKS Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied Morality and Relationships. 22. What moral issues are raised by gender roles? (a) Describe some reasons why people form relationships with each other. (b) Choose a non religious viewpoint you have studied. Explain what it says about sexual relationships. (c) Religion is too strict about sexual relationships. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer People should be able to marry whoever they want. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. 8 page 10

11 MARKS Part C Morality, Environment and Global Issues Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied Morality, Environment and Global Issues. 25. What moral issues are raised by poverty? (a) Describe some ways in which people show stewardship of the environment. (b) Choose a non religious viewpoint you have studied. Explain what it says about the treatment of the environment. (c) Religion should say more about the environment. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer It s everyone s responsibility to respond to environmental crises. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answers. 8 [Turn over page 11

12 Part D Morality, Medicine and the Human Body MARKS Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied Morality, Medicine and the Human Body. 28. What moral issues are raised by the idea of sanctity of life? (a) Describe how embryos might be used. (b) Choose a non religious view you have studied. Explain what it says about the use of embryos. (c) Religion is too strict on the use of embryos. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer It can never be right to help someone to end their life. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. 8 page 12

13 Part E Morality and Conflict MARKS Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied Morality and Conflict. 31. What moral issues are raised by modern armaments? (a) Describe some consequences of war. (b) Choose a non religious view you have studied. Explain what it says about justification for war. (c) Religion makes it too hard to justify war. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer War should be avoided at all costs. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. 8 [Turn over page 13

14 SECTION 3 RELIGIOUS AND PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS 26 s Attempt ONE Part MARKS Part A Origins Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied Origins. 34. (a) Choose a religious viewpoint you have studied. Describe what it says about the origin of the universe. (b) What reasons might someone have for believing the universe was not created? Explain why people might disagree about how to interpret creation stories (a) What does science say about the origin of life? (b) Religious explanations for the origin of life have nothing to offer in the 21st century. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. 4 8 page 14

15 Part B The Existence of God MARKS Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied The Existence of God. 37. (a) Explain Aquinas cosmological argument. (b) How might someone criticise Aquinas argument? Explain why people might disagree about the nature of God (a) Why did Paley think the universe and life were designed? (b) The teleological argument does nothing to prove God s existence. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. 4 8 [Turn over page 15

16 Part C The Problem of Suffering and Evil MARKS Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied The Problem of Suffering and Evil. 40. (a) Choose a religious viewpoint you have studied. Describe what it says about the existence of evil. (b) How might a non religious person explain evil? Explain why people might disagree about God s role in suffering (a) Why might suffering challenge belief in God? (b) Suffering makes it impossible to believe in a good God. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. 4 8 page 16

17 Part D Miracles MARKS Attempt all the questions in this part if you have studied Miracles. 43. (a) Choose a religious viewpoint you have studied. Describe what it says about divine intervention. (b) What reasons might someone have for rejecting belief in a God who intervenes? Explain why people might disagree about how to interpret scriptural miracles (a) What does science say about miracles? (b) Religious explanations for miracles have nothing to offer in the 21st century. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. 4 8 [END OF SPECIMEN QUESTION PAPER] page 17

18 N5 S864/75/11 National Qualications SPECIMEN ONLY Religious, Moral and Philosophical Studies Marking Instructions These ing instructions have been provided to show how SQA would this specimen question paper. The information in this publication may be reproduced to support SQA qualifications only on a non-commercial basis. If it is reproduced, SQA should be clearly acknowledged as the source. If it is to be used for any other purpose, written permission must be obtained from permissions@sqa.org.uk. Where the publication includes materials from sources other than SQA (ie secondary copyright), this material should only be reproduced for the purposes of examination or assessment. If it needs to be reproduced for any other purpose it is the user s responsibility to obtain the necessary copyright clearance.

19 General ing principles for National 5 Religious, Moral and Philosophical Studies This information is provided to help you understand the general principles you must apply when ing candidate responses to questions in this paper. These principles must be read in conjunction with the detailed ing instructions, which identify the key features required in candidate responses. (a) Marks for each candidate response must always be assigned in line with these general ing principles and the detailed ing instructions for this assessment. (b) Marking should always be positive. This means that, for each candidate response, s are accumulated for the demonstration of relevant skills, knowledge and understanding: they are not deducted from a maximum on the basis of errors or omissions. (c) If a specific candidate response does not seem to be covered by either the principles or detailed ing instructions, and you are uncertain how to assess it, you must seek guidance from your team leader. (d) In this question paper the following typical question types are used: Describe... Describe questions require candidates to make relevant factual points. These may be either a number of separate points or a single point which is developed. These should be key points but may not be connected. Explain... /what reasons might there be for..? Explain questions require candidates to make at least two relevant points that clarify the issue or question involved. These should be key points and will include reference to relevant abstract ideas, although these need not be fully explained. Do you agree? / Would people agree with..? / Should people accept..? / Is it true that..? Give reasons for your answer. These types of questions require candidates to give a relevant point of view/justification/assessment of a given statement. The candidate may fully agree, fully disagree or make points on both sides. All are equally acceptable as a route to full s. Candidates may answer from their own perspective or belief, describe a perspective or belief held by others, or combine these. All are acceptable as a route to full s. (e) Award 1 for a clear and relevant statement, description, Where the point is developed, eg by explanation or example, award a second. Award up to 4 s for a very well developed point, where the s are available. Award a maximum of 1 for an Candidates may offer a one- or two-sided evaluation for full s. Do not award s for a simple statement of personal opinion in an evaluation question. Award s for reasons. Do not award s for repetition in part (b) of a point already made in part (a) of a question. Award s for appropriate use of sources. page 02

20 Marking instructions for each question Section 1 Part A: Buddhism Question General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question 1. (a) Describe questions require candidates to make relevant factual points. These may be either a number of separate points or a single point which is developed. These should be key points but may not be connected. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description, Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 5 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 5 The scope of this question is very broad, and responses will vary widely. Marks should be awarded for identifying teaching about any aspect of human nature including physical, mental and spiritual dimensions. Sources need not be textual, but should have authority within the religious community. Award 1 for accurately identifying a relevant source Possible responses could include: Nagasena s analogy of the chariot found in The Questions of King Milinda. (1 ) A chariot is made up of many parts (1 ); likewise, human beings are made up of the five khandhas. (1 ) Each of the five khandhas is continually changing so human beings are impermanent. (1 ) An impermanent nature means there cannot be an unchanging element like a soul or self. (1 ) Nagasena s chariot analogy (1 ) teaches that human beings are an assortment of bits and pieces, just as a chariot is an assortment of bits and pieces. (1 ) Human beings are made up of five impermanent khandhas (1 ), so human beings can t have an unchanging element like a soul or self which Buddhists call anatta. (1 ) page 03

21 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question (b) These types of questions require candidates to give a relevant point of view/justification/assessment of a given statement. The candidate may fully agree, fully disagree or make points on both sides. All are equally acceptable as a route to full s. Candidates may answer from their own perspective or belief, describe a perspective or belief held by others, or combine these. All are acceptable as a route to full s. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 4 Agree Their main belief about human beings is the first noble truth Dukkha which can be seen as a negative belief because it means that all human beings are in a state of suffering/un-satisfactoriness. (1 ). Even if you think you aren t suffering now, because Buddhists believe that everything is impermanent (1 ) then any happiness you have will end and you will experience Dukkha, just knowing this can make you feel that life is unsatisfactory. (1 ) This can be seen as too negative because it is focussing only on the bad things in life instead of recognising the happiness that we experience, and the more we focus on the bad things the worse things can seem. (1 ) Believing that all humans lead a samsaric existence where they will have to endure lifetimes filled with suffering can also be seen as a negative belief because of how difficult it is to escape the cycle and achieve Nibbana. (1 ) Belief that our samsaric existence is dependent upon our Kamma could also be seen as negative because we do not remember past lives (1 ) and have little idea of what Kamma we have built up in the past. As we will not remember this life in the future either, is all of the hard work worth the effort? (1 ) Belief in impermanence/our need to accept it can also be seen as a negative belief to focus on because many of us get attached to impermanent things and don t want to accept change. (1 ) Belief in Anatta/no self can also be seen as a negative belief because many of us are attached to the idea that we exist as more than bundles of skandhas that are always changing. (1 ) Belief in Anatta and the need to accept it can also be seen as negative because it means trying to think of and come to terms with the fact that everyone we love and care about will die one day including ourselves. (1 ) page 04

22 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question Disagree Belief that all life is suffering is not too negative, it is simply seeing things as they really are (1 ). Once we are able to understand Dukkha and the other s of existence we will actually suffer less. (1 ) The belief that life is suffering is what compelled the Buddha to find a solution to the problem of it (1 ). The focus of Buddhism isn t to wallow about how bad things are but instead to focus on ending suffering (1 ). Buddhism focuses a lot on compassion, and this helps alleviate the suffering of others. (1 ) Anicca/Impermanence can also be a positive belief because it means that nothing lasts forever (1 ), this includes negative things such as war coming to an end (1 ). It can also be a positive belief that could help someone get through a difficult time if they can see that it won t always be like that. (1 ) Anatta/No self for some people can be a positive belief because understanding and accepting it can lead people to be less selfish (1 ), it can mean that people do not focus on materialism and instead help others. (1 ) Belief in Anicca and Anatta could also be a positive belief because it may make people re-evaluate how they live their lives (1 ), realising that they will not always have their loved ones around them may lead them to appreciate their time together. (1 ) Some Buddhists believe that all humans have Buddha nature which means that we all have the potential to become enlightened so Nibbana is a possibility for everyone. (1 ) Buddhists believe that it is a very positive thing to be born into the human realm as this maximises our chance of achieving Nibbana. (1 ) page 05

23 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question 2. (a) Describe questions require candidates to make relevant factual points. These may be either a number of separate points or a single point which is developed. These should be key points but may not be connected. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description, Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 4 Possible responses could include: A state of being. (1 ) A state of being (1 ) where the three root poisons have been blown out. (1 ) The goal of all Buddhists (1 ) achieved when kamma has ceased (1 ) and the cycle of suffering has ended. (1 ) It is a belief and a goal (1 ) which is hard to define: it cannot be fully explained as words are limited. (1 ) It is only understood through experience (1 ) as exemplified in the fish and turtle story. (1 ) page 06

24 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question (b) Explain questions require candidates to make at least two relevant points that clarify the issue or question involved. These should be key points and will include reference to relevant abstract ideas, although these need not be fully explained. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 6 Possible responses could include: It means that Buddhists will no longer be trapped in the cycle of suffering. (1 ) They will have overcome the three poisons (1 ) and be no longer driven by greed, hatred and ignorance. (1 ) They will be following the Buddha s example and hope to achieve what the Buddha did. (1 ) Nibbana promises ultimate bliss and is an attractive goal. (1 ) Nibbana is the cessation (nirodha) of suffering. (1 ) If Buddhists attain Nibbana then they are free from kammic results produced by the three fires (1 ) and they will be free from rebirth. (1 ) They will understand the true nature of things. (1 ) page 07

25 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question 3. These types of questions require candidates to give a relevant point of view/justification/assessment of a given statement. The candidate may fully agree, fully disagree or make points on both sides. All are equally acceptable as a route to full s. Candidates may answer from their own perspective or belief, describe a perspective or belief held by others, or combine these. All are acceptable as a route to full s. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 8 Worship should be taken in a broad sense and is not limited to but can include: Meditation, chanting of mantras, prayer, music, mandala creation etc. Possible responses could include: Agree Some Buddhists may feel that they need to join a monastery to achieve Nibbana. (1 ) To become a Buddhist you must take refuge in the three jewels, one of which is the Sangha, this shows the importance of community worship. (1 ) Worshipping with others as part of the sangha has many benefits that some Buddhists could consider essential. For example, the laity support the monks and nuns and can learn to meditate or understand the Dhamma (1 ) with their support, this would also result in positive Kamma. (1 ) Monks and nuns can also gain positive Kamma by providing support to the laity through worship and religious ceremonies. (1 ) The Buddha set up the Sangha for the purpose of teaching the Dhamma. Some Buddhists may feel that they can only understand the Dhamma through the support of the Sangha (1 ), or that they should follow the example of the Buddha. (1 ) page 08

26 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question Disagree The Buddha achieved enlightenment on his own through meditation, therefore so could others. (1 ) Not essential to worship with others as it is a personal journey (1 ). Some Buddhists may have a Buddhist shrine or artefacts at home which they can use to worship alone. (1 ) Daily worship for lay Buddhists will often take place alone at home. (1 ) Even when in a monastery monks and nuns will go on retreats to meditate alone, so it is not essential to worship with others. (1 ) Meditation involves mental concentration and looking within. This is most effectively performed alone. (1 ) page 09

27 Section 1 Part B: Christianity Question General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question 4. (a) Describe questions require candidates to make relevant factual points. These may be either a number of separate points or a single point which is developed. These should be key points but may not be connected. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description, Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 5 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 5 The scope of this question is very broad, and responses will vary widely. Marks should be awarded for identifying teaching about any aspect of human nature, including physical, mental and spiritual dimensions. Sources need not be textual, but should have authority within the religious community. Award 1 for accurately identifying a relevant source. Possible responses could include: The catechism of the Catholic Church. (1 ) People are made in the image of God (1 ) and this means they are drawn to what is good. (1 ) The catechism (1 ) states that when Adam sinned he damaged his relationship with God. (1 ) This broken relationship was then inherited by all human beings. (1 ) The catechism of the Catholic Church (1 ) teaches that Adam s sin damaged his relationship with God. (1 ) This means all human beings have a fallen nature and are tempted to do wrong (original sin). (1 ) Human beings continue to have free will. (1 ) page 10

28 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question (b) These types of questions require candidates to give a relevant point of view/justification/assessment of a given statement. The candidate may fully agree, fully disagree or make points on both sides. All are equally acceptable as a route to full s. Candidates may answer from their own perspective or belief, describe a perspective or belief held by others, or combine these. All are acceptable as a route to full s. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 4 Possible responses could include: Agree It might be seen as very negative to believe that human beings enter the world already as sinners, and in a state of alienation from God. (1 ) Better to see the potential people have to be good. (1 ) Paul said, There is no-one that is righteous not one (1 ), but there have been many good people in history who could reasonably be seen as righteous. (1 ) Eternity in hell as a punishment for sin seems out of proportion with most people s lives which last for a relatively few years, and include plenty of good things. (1 ) Disagree Some Christians see human beings as essentially good, and emphasise the idea from Genesis that everyone is made in God s image. (1 ) This gives human beings special importance and dignity. (1 ) The Christian story is about the lengths God goes to in order to restore his relationship with human beings, by sending Jesus to die for them (1 ). This shows how valuable they are to him. (1 ) Christianity is right to say that human beings sin this is plain to see - but teaching about the Kingdom of God shows that people also have the potential to live good, compassionate lives and to transform the world. (1 ) Jesus treated people who were seen as outcasts or unclean with dignity and agape love and criticised hypocrites who felt they were better than others (1 ). This shows that Christianity has a balanced view of human beings, seeing both the positive and negative. (1 ) page 11

29 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question 5. (a) Describe questions require candidates to make relevant factual points. These may be either a number of separate points or a single point which is developed. These should be key points but may not be connected. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description, Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 4 Possible responses could include: Jesus was the Messiah (Christos), promised in the Jewish scriptures and sent by God as a saviour. (1 ) Some feel it is essential to believe that his birth was miraculous that as God s Son he didn t need a human father. (1 ) He is an incarnation of God himself - Emmanuel (God with us). (1 ) God the Son, one of the three persons in the Trinity. (1 ) More liberal Christians see his virgin birth as a symbolic way of showing that he was special and blessed by God. (1 ) Jesus reveals God s nature to human beings. (1 ) Through his death and resurrection, he defeats sin and heals the alienation between God and human beings. (1 ) Jesus will come again to judge the living and the dead. (1 ) page 12

30 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question (b) Explain questions require candidates to make at least two relevant points that clarify the issue or question involved. These should be key points and will include reference to relevant abstract ideas, although these need not be fully explained. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 6 Possible responses could include: They are in the Bible, therefore for some they are God s word, which means they are a completely trustworthy source. (1 ) Through following Jesus teaching and example, Christians feel they please God, and that they become closer to Him. (1 ) They are a source of moral guidance, eg about attitudes to the poor and needy, and how we should respond to our enemies. (1 ) Through the Gospels Christians learn about the attitudes and actions that will help them to play a part in bringing about the Kingdom of God on earth as it is in heaven. (1 ) The story of the Sheep and the Goats shows that Jesus placed particular importance on how his followers lived, not just what they said or believed (1 ). Living according to the Gospels is therefore about securing a welcome into God s presence after death. (1 ) page 13

31 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question 6. These types of questions require candidates to give a relevant point of view/justification/ assessment of a given statement. The candidate may fully agree, fully disagree or make points on both sides. All are equally acceptable as a route to full s. Candidates may answer from their own perspective or belief, describe a perspective or belief held by others, or combine these. All are acceptable as a route to full s. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description, Where the point is developed, eg by second Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 8 Possible responses could include: Agree Going to church shows you are associating yourself with other Christians/ Christianity (1 ). It is part of a Christian s witness a sign to others that your faith is real. (1 ) Showing love for God and each other within a Christian community is a valuable source of encouragement, eg in the sharing of The Peace. (1 ) During formal worship with others there are opportunities to strengthen your faith, eg in recitation of the creed, confession, prayers and hymns. (1 ) St Paul urged fellow believers not to give up meeting together. The church is the people that make it up, so worshipping together is vital. (1 ) Jesus said, Where two or three are gathered in my name, there am I in the midst of them (1 ). This shows he intended Christians to meet together to worship. (1 ) Communion is an especially important act of worship for Christians, and by definition, it is done with others (1 ). As there is one bread, so we who are many are one body. (1 ) page 14

32 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question Disagree Worship is about your personal relationship with God not about others (1 ). Many very spiritual Christians have lived solitary lives in meditation and prayer. (1 ) The Kingdom of God happens when people show love to those outside the community of faith (additional s available for examples of ways in which Christians can love today s outcasts ). This is true spiritual worship. (1 ) Story of the Sheep and the Goats suggests the true sign of real faith is love for others who are struggling. (1 ) Some find themselves unable to meet with others for worship due to isolation or ill health. They are no less real Christians, and no less able to worship God. (1 ) page 15

33 Section 1 Part C: Hinduism Question General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question 7. (a) Describe questions require candidates to make relevant factual points. These may be either a number of separate points or a single point which is developed. These should be key points but may not be connected. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description, Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 5 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 5 The scope of this question is very broad, and responses will vary widely. Marks should be awarded for identifying teaching about any aspect of human nature including physical, mental and spiritual dimensions. Sources need not be textual, but should have authority within the religious community. Award 1 for accurately identifying a relevant source. Possible responses could include: Krishna teaches Arjuna in the Bhagavad Gita (1 ) Every human being has a soul (atman) that lives on after physical death. (1 ) The body is a vehicle for the soul (like Arjuna s chariot). (1 ) The body can be destroyed, (1 ) but the atman is eternal and indestructible. (1 ) All human beings have duties which are determined by birth, (1 ) eg Arjuna s dharma as a kshatriya is to fight. (1 ) In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna teaches Arjuna that when the body dies the atman moves on to a new life, (1 ) like getting a new coat when the old one has worn out. (1 ) page 16

34 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question (b) These types of questions require candidates to give a relevant point of view/justification/ assessment of a given statement. The candidate may fully agree, fully disagree or make points on both sides. All are equally acceptable as a route to full s. Candidates may answer from their own perspective or belief, describe a perspective or belief held by others, or combine these. All are acceptable as a route to full s. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description, Where the point is developed, eg by second Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 4 Possible responses could include: Agree Being human means your atman (the spirit or soul) is trapped in a continuous cycle of rebirth (samsara) and that you must suffer, but life is not all bad. (1 ) Humans exist under a veil of ignorance which prevents them from overcoming their desires and attachment (1 ), but attachments can give life meaning. (1 ) Hinduism sees humans as subject to avidya/ignorance about the self and the true nature of reality, but as humans we are capable of understanding our universe. (1 ) Escape from the samsara cycle is only possible when the atman can achieve enlightenment (moksha) by acting with complete detachment in a way that no longer causes karma (1 ). This is extremely difficult to realise and too remote an idea for the majority of Hindus (1 ). Humans must therefore travel through many millions of lives before being able to act in this way. (1 ) Hindus who suffer due to caste or circumstance may see this as their own fault because of an accumulation of karma from previous lives (1 ). May be depressing, self-defeating etc. It limits ambition and stifles potential. (1 ) Karmic consequences are inescapable, accumulative and unpredictable (1 ). To suffer in this life for the actions done by a previous body seems unfair. (1 ) page 17

35 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question Disagree Hinduism has room for life s pleasures artha (wealth) and kama (pleasure) are spiritual goals too. (1 ) Since humans have 2 parts - the atman (eternal and indestructible) and the body (temporary), when the body dies, it is not the end, the atman will be reborn. Reincarnation can be a positive belief. (1 ) Grieving may be less intense or shortened because of belief in rebirth (and better life next time). (1 ) Moksha is distant but every lifetime can take the atman closer to it. This is because as human beings we can use our free will to act in ways that result in positive karma (1 ). The aim of attaining better rebirth and/or moksha gives meaning, purpose and value to life. (1 ) The realisation of moksha is believed to be a positive experience, variously described as perfect bliss, eternal existence with God, being at one with Brahman etc. (1 ) For some Hindus, moksha is attainable in life not after death. Many believe swamis like Sai Baba demonstrate this possibility. (1 ) The journey to attaining moksha is positive; encouraging selflessness, God centred actions that can only have a positive effect on self, others and society as a whole. (1 ) There is the possibility of a rest (in heaven) as a result of good karma. (1 ) page 18

36 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question 8. (a) Describe questions require candidates to make relevant factual points. These may be either a number of separate points or a single point which is developed. These should be key points but may not be connected. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description, Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 4 Possible responses could include: Literally liberation from the cycle of life, death and rebirth. (1 ) A blissful state which is beyond description: (1 ) you have to experience it to understand it. (1 ) Samkhya Hindus see it as the separation of purusa from prakriti (1 ) so that each pure soul exists among countless other souls. (1 ) In Advaita Vedanta, moksha is achieved when the atman realises it is Brahman, (1 ) and everything else is illusion. (1 ) It is about Oneness. (1 ) The drop is the ocean. (1 ) page 19

37 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question (b) Explain questions require candidates to make at least two relevant points that clarify the issue or question involved. These should be key points and will include reference to relevant abstract ideas, although these need not be fully explained. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description, Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 6 Possible responses could include: The reincarnation/transmigration of the soul means we are trapped in a world full of pain and suffering. (1 ) Moksha means the atman is back where it belongs, with or as part of Brahman, (1 ) restoring universal dharma. (1 ) The world experienced by the jiva is illusory (1 ) and therefore we are attaching ourselves to things which aren t real. (1 ) The things we cling to are impermanent and can t satisfy us. (1 ) However, in moksha a Hindu has achieved a state of enlightenment and they finally know the truth about reality. (1 ) page 20

38 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question 9. These types of questions require candidates to give a relevant point of view/justification/ assessment of a given statement. The candidate may fully agree, fully disagree or make points on both sides. All are equally acceptable as a route to full s. Candidates may answer from their own perspective or belief, describe a perspective or belief held by others, or combine these. All are acceptable as a route to full s. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 8 Possible responses could include: Agree Large gatherings take place at festival times or at places of pilgrimage (1 ). Some communal rituals are seen as part of dharma, therefore a duty. (1 ) There are priests and helpers at the temple (pujari). They look after the temple worship, keeping the statues clean and washing and dressing the statues (1 ). For them to fulfil dharma there need to be others seeking their service. (1 ) The mandir is important because it is believed to be the home of God (1 ). Hindus believe they can make direct contact with God there. (1 ) Festivals are communal: Divali, Holi, Navaratri. (1 ) The shrine in a home is very often used for family worship, also part of dharma. Here they will say arti prayers together with others in the family. (1 ) page 21

39 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question Disagree Many Hindus begin each day worshiping alone by washing and repeating the Gayati Mantra. (1 ) Each Hindu can choose how and when and which god or goddess they will worship. It is up to the individual. (1 ) There is no one day of the week when all Hindus must go and worship in the temple. (1 ) While puja might have several stages, from childhood Hindus are taught puja at home. (1 ) In India sadhus will wander and spend much of their time living a solitary life in forests because these are particularly holy places (1 ). Solitude aids them on their spiritual journey. (1 ) Even when a Hindu goes to the temple they will very often perform individual puja. (1 ) Inside nearly every Hindu home is a shrine (mandir) for worship. The mother of the house offers puja most mornings when everyone else has gone out. (1 ) page 22

40 Section 1 Part D: Islam Question General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question 10. (a) Describe questions require candidates to make relevant factual points. These may be either a number of separate points or a single point which is developed. These should be key points but may not be connected. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description Where the point is developed, eg by second Award up to 5 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 5 The scope of this question is very broad, and responses will vary widely. Marks should be awarded for identifying teaching about any aspect of human nature, including physical, mental and spiritual dimensions. Sources need not be textual, but should have authority within the religious community. Award 1 for accurately identifying a relevant source. Possible responses could include: Creation of human beings in Surah 23: (1 ) Surah 23:12-16 (1 ) says God made human beings from clay, from the soil. (1 ) Human beings are not like God. (1 ) The physical body is limited and breaks down after death (1 ) so human beings are impermanent. (1 ) Surah 23:12-16 (1 ) says that God made human beings from clay. (1 ) The physical body breaks down after death. (1 ) However, God will reunite the soul and physical body at the Hour of Judgement. (1 ) page 23

41 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question (b) These types of questions require candidates to give a relevant point of view/justification/ assessment of a given statement. The candidate may fully agree, fully disagree or make points on both sides. All are equally acceptable as a route to full s. Candidates may answer from their own perspective or belief, describe a perspective or belief held by others, or combine these. All are acceptable as a route to full s. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 4 Possible responses could include: Agree It could be argued that Islam says human beings need to be controlled and watched all the time (1 ) (eg by the recording angels), and this suggests they can t be trusted to make good decisions. (1 ) Some may feel that traditions around the treatment of women in some Muslim majority countries are negative in terms of what they say about women and men. (1 ) There is too much emphasis on the idea of people as sinful. People are capable of goodness too. (1 ) Disagree Islam insists that all people are equal before Allah, so it encourages brotherhood and harmony. (1 ) Islam says human beings are endowed with free will (1 ), and this means they have the opportunity to submit to Allah, and in doing so they will live more fulfilled lives. (1 ) Islam is about helping human beings, through Allah s revelation of his will, to live better lives. (1 ) The story of creation shows that people are special and important, because the angels and jinn are told to prostrate themselves before Adam. (1 ) The concept of stewardship shows that human beings have been given special responsibility to care for the world (1 ). This shows that Islam sees a positive role for human beings in the world. (1 ) page 24

42 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question 11. (a) Describe questions require candidates to make relevant factual points. These may be either a number of separate points or a single point which is developed. These should be key points but may not be connected. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 4 Possible responses could include: Chosen by God as prophet (Nabi) but also a messenger (Rasul) (1 ). He was sent to guide people and to restore monotheist Islam which had already been revealed through other prophets like Adem, Ibramim and Musa. (1 ) The Qur an is revealed to Muhammad by Allah over a period of 22 years, and he memorised the messages because he was illiterate. (1 ) Muslims call him the Seal of the Prophets because the messages he recited were the final words from Allah to human beings (1 ). This means Muhammad was the last prophet. (1 ) Muhammad was a human being, so must not be worshipped (1 ). This would be classed as shirk. However, he is a hugely important role model for Muslims. (1 ) Muhammad s words and actions contained in Hadiths provide Muslims with further guidance on how to live lives of submission to Allah. (1 ) page 25

43 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question (b) Explain questions require candidates to make at least two relevant points that clarify the issue or question involved. These should be key points and will include reference to relevant abstract ideas, although these need not be fully explained. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 6 Possible responses could include: Muslims are told to follow the example of the Prophet in Surah 33 of the Qur an which describes him as a beautiful pattern (1 ), so following his example is a way of living according to Allah s words in the Qur an. (1 ) Muhammad is seen as a deeply spiritual man who lived his life in total submission to Allah (1 ), and this is why he was chosen to be the Seal of the Prophets, so he sets the best example for Muslims to follow. (1 ) The Qur an may not have an answer for every problem a Muslim might encounter in the modern world (1 ), so the Prophet s righteous example may give a solution, or a principle that can be applied in a new situation. (1 ) According to the Qur an, it was part of the Prophet s role to set the pattern for carrying out religious duties and rites (1 ). He was not just to deliver the message from Allah, but to illustrate its meaning too. (1 ) Following his example will reassure a Muslim that they are living a life of submission (1 ) and that they will be rewarded after death in Paradise. (1 ) page 26

44 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question 12. These types of questions require candidates to give a relevant point of view/justification/ assessment of a given statement. The candidate may fully agree, fully disagree or make points on both sides. All are equally acceptable as a route to full s. Candidates may answer from their own perspective or belief, describe a perspective or belief held by others, or combine these. All are acceptable as a route to full s. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description, Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 4 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 8 Possible responses could include: Agree When Muslims pray together, they stand before god in a real sense of brotherhood. You do not get that feeling on your own. (1 ) Muslims need the support and encouragement that comes from worshiping with others especially in a non-muslim country. (1 ) At the end of Ramadan at Eid-al-Fitr Muslims will attend the mosque for special morning prayers. (1 ) On Fridays Muslim men are expected to form a special congregation (jamaah) for midday prayer (1 ). Adult male Muslims are expected to leave all worldly activities and attend. (1 ) At Friday prayers the Imam will give two short talks (khutbah). If you are not there you will not hear the Qur an being explained. (1 ) The Hajj is the duty of every Muslim who can afford it. The Hajj is worshiping with others. (1 ) page 27

45 General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question Disagree Whenever any act is done, set by the limits to please Allah, it is worship (1 ). So the following individual acts are worship: reform your life, strive for good and try to defeat evil, develop patience and develop dignity. (1 ) Muslims believe they have a relationship with God so they can worship alone. (1 ) Allah judges us by our individual intentions. (1 ) Muslims repeat the Shahadah on their own first thing in the morning and last thing at night. (1 ) Muslims feel it is preferable, but not compulsory, to pray together. (1 ) In the western world Muslim women will pray both the salah and the du a at home instead of going to the mosque. (1 ) Muhammad spent a great deal of time in solitude and prayer often going to the hills alone. (1 ) The Hajj, although communal, is also the pilgrim living and moving for God alone. (1 ) page 28

46 Section 1 Part E: Judaism Question General ing instructions for this Specific ing instructions for this question 13. (a) Describe questions require candidates to make relevant factual points. These may be either a number of separate points or a single point which is developed. These should be key points but may not be connected. Award 1 for a single clear and relevant statement, description, Where the point is developed, eg by second. Award up to 5 s for a very well Award a maximum of 1 for an 5 The scope of this question is very broad, and responses will vary widely. Marks should be awarded for identifying teaching about any aspect of human nature, including physical, mental and spiritual dimensions. Sources need not be textual, but should have authority within the religious community. Award 1 for accurately identifying a relevant source. Possible responses could include: God has gifted humans with freedom. (1 ) God s creation of the universe shows his freedom (1 ) and humans are in God s image, so they have freedom too. (1 ) Humans are created, and creative. (1 ) They are dust of the earth (1 ) but also have within them the breath of God. (1 ) In Covenant and Conversation: A Weekly Reading of the Jewish Bible, (1 ) the Chief Rabbi Lord Sacks says that humans can act and react like no other creatures. (1 ) The freedom to do good comes handin-hand with the freedom to do evil. (1 ) Determinism is wrong: humans have a choice in what they become. (1 ) page 29