Positions on the Theistic Arguments
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1 Positions on the Theistic Arguments Richard G. Howe, Ph.D. Perhaps not surprisingly, there are different views on whether or how there is any relevance for the theistic arguments. 1
2 It might be surprising to some, however, that the different views do not fall along the lines of theists and non-theists. In combining the options of theists and non-theists together with the options of relevant and irrelevant we get these results. 2
3 Non-theists - irrelevant Non-theists - relevant - relevant - irrelevant non- non- / non- / / / 3
4 Logical Positivists non- Ludwig Wittgenstein
5 Alfred Jules Ayer Kai Nielsen 5
6 Logical Positivists non- David Hume
7 Logical Positivists non- Evidentialists Arguments are not strictly proofs but build a cumulative case for theism. (Richard Swinburne) Richard Swinburne 7
8 Logical Positivists non- Evidentialists Arguments are not strictly proofs but build a cumulative case for theism. (Richard Swinburne) Thomists Arguments are proofs. Theism is established. (Thomas Aquinas, Etienne Gilson, Joseph Owens, Norman Geisler, Edward Feser) Summa Theologiae Thomas Aquinas
9 Etienne Gilson Norman Geisler 9
10 Edward Feser non- Logical Positivists Existentialists Arguments are relatively or entirely unnecessary. They have little to nothing to do with religion. Religion is not primarily propositional but experiential. (Søren Kierkegaard) Evidentialists Arguments are not strictly proofs but build a cumulative case for theism. (Richard Swinburne) Thomists Arguments are proofs. Theism is established. (Thomas Aquinas, Etienne Gilson, Joseph Owens, Norman Geisler, Edward Feser) 10
11 Søren Kierkegaard non- Logical Positivists Existentialists Arguments are relatively or entirely unnecessary. They have little to nothing to do with religion. Religion is not primarily propositional but experiential. (Søren Kierkegaard) Fideists / Presuppositionalists Arguments cannot establish religious first principles. Religion is not propositional (John Hick), Evidentialists Arguments are not strictly proofs but build a cumulative case for theism. (Richard Swinburne) Thomists Arguments are proofs. Theism is established. (Thomas Aquinas, Etienne Gilson, Joseph Owens, Norman Geisler, Edward Feser) 11
12 John Hick non- Logical Positivists Existentialists Arguments are relatively or entirely unnecessary. They have little to nothing to do with religion. Religion is not primarily propositional but experiential. (Søren Kierkegaard) Fideists / Presuppositionalists Arguments cannot establish religious first principles. Religion is not propositional (John Hick), or religion is propositional but faith is primary (Blaise Pascal), Evidentialists Arguments are not strictly proofs but build a cumulative case for theism. (Richard Swinburne) Thomists Arguments are proofs. Theism is established. (Thomas Aquinas, Etienne Gilson, Joseph Owens, Norman Geisler, Edward Feser) 12
13 Blaise Pascal non- Logical Positivists Existentialists Arguments are relatively or entirely unnecessary. They have little to nothing to do with religion. Religion is not primarily propositional but experiential. (Søren Kierkegaard) Fideists / Presuppositionalists Arguments cannot establish religious first principles. Religion is not propositional (John Hick), or religion is propositional but faith is primary (Blaise Pascal), or God is transcendentally "argued" (Cornelius Van Til). Evidentialists Arguments are not strictly proofs but build a cumulative case for theism. (Richard Swinburne) Thomists Arguments are proofs. Theism is established. (Thomas Aquinas, Etienne Gilson, Joseph Owens, Norman Geisler, Edward Feser) 13
14 Cornelius Van Til Cornelius Van Til
15 non- Logical Positivists Agnostics Not all of the evidence is in. Theism may be established with further proof. (Robert Jastrow) Existentialists Arguments are relatively or entirely unnecessary. They have little to nothing to do with religion. Religion is not primarily propositional but experiential. (Søren Kierkegaard) Fideists / Presuppositionalists Arguments cannot establish religious first principles. Religion is not propositional (John Hick), or religion is propositional but faith is primary (Blaise Pascal), or God is transcendentally "argued" (Cornelius Van Til). Evidentialists Arguments are not strictly proofs but build a cumulative case for theism. (Richard Swinburne) Thomists Arguments are proofs. Theism is established. (Thomas Aquinas, Etienne Gilson, Joseph Owens, Norman Geisler, Edward Feser) Robert Jastrow
16 non- Logical Positivists Agnostics Not all of the evidence is in. Theism may be established with further proof. (Robert Jastrow) Existentialists Arguments are relatively or entirely unnecessary. They have little to nothing to do with religion. Religion is not primarily propositional but experiential. (Søren Kierkegaard) Fideists / Presuppositionalists Arguments cannot establish religious first principles. Religion is not propositional (John Hick), or religion is propositional but faith is primary (Blaise Pascal), or God is transcendentally "argued" (Cornelius Van Til). Evidentialists Arguments are not strictly proofs but build a cumulative case for theism. (Richard Swinburne) Atheists Arguments surface important philosophical issues. The evidence proves atheism. (J. L. Mackie, early Antony Flew, Theodore Drange, Michael Martin) Thomists Arguments are proofs. Theism is established. (Thomas Aquinas, Etienne Gilson, Joseph Owens, Norman Geisler, Edward Feser) J. L. Mackie
17 J. L. Mackie Antony Flew
18 Antony Flew Theodore M. Drange 18
19 non- Logical Positivists Agnostics Not all of the evidence is in. Theism may be established with further proof. (Robert Jastrow) Existentialists Arguments are relatively or entirely unnecessary. They have little to nothing to do with religion. Religion is not primarily propositional but experiential. (Søren Kierkegaard) Fideists / Presuppositionalists Arguments cannot establish religious first principles. Religion is not propositional (John Hick), or religion is propositional but faith is primary (Blaise Pascal), or God is transcendentally "argued" (Cornelius Van Til). Evidentialists Arguments are not strictly proofs but build a cumulative case for theism. (Richard Swinburne) Atheists Arguments surface important philosophical issues. The evidence proves atheism. (J. L. Mackie, early Antony Flew, Theodore Drange, Michael Martin) Thomists Arguments are proofs. Theism is established. (Thomas Aquinas, Etienne Gilson, Joseph Owens, Norman Geisler, Edward Feser) 19
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