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1 *LYLQJ([DPSOHV7KH(VVHQWLDOV Some English words have been taken over from other nehmen wir zum Beispiel... languages. Take, for example, the noun sauna. Some English words have been taken over from other ein gutes Beispiel ist... languages. A fine example is the noun sauna. Some English words have been taken over from other... liefert ein treffendes Beispiel. languages. The noun sauna provides a pertinent example. Some English words have been taken over from other zum Beispiel languages. For example, / For instance, the noun sauna comes from Finnish. Some English words have been taken over from other solche languages. Sauna and admiral are such words. &RPSDULVRQDQG&RQWUDVW7KH(VVHQWLDOV Is the soul the same as the body or distinct from it? das gleiche wie He is similar in appearance to his brother. ähnlich wie Her performance was worse than that of the nativeborn American. (FRPSDUDWLYHWKDQ) schlechter als Her pronunciation was (not) as good as that of the genauso gut wie native-born American. (Un)like the native-born American, the Asian wie / im Gegensatz zu employee did not dare to contradict her boss. (OLNHQRXQJURXS) As in many other matters, the party has got it wrong. wie (DVSUHSRVLWLRQDOSKUDVH) Compared with / in comparison with Clinton, im Vergleich zu / verglichen mit Schroeder is a nobody. In contrast to the other celebrated architects of her im Gegensatz zu time, Morgan was vehemently opposed to showiness in interior and façade. Contrary to what their name suggests, all species are im Widerspruch zu, widersprechend, entgegen not red in colour; some are green, yellow or orange. Her behaviour was rather like / greatly resembled the ähnelte... insofern als native-born American s in that both of them were ready to fight for their rights. There are (clear) similarities / differences of approach Gemeinsamkeit / Unterschied between Europeans and Americans. Her approach bore a resemblance to mine. Ähnlichkeit haben mit Her behaviour is / stands in (marked) contrast to the im (in deutlichem) Gegensatz stehen zu Native American s. Her behaviour differs / deviates from that of the nativeborn American to the extent that... sich unterscheiden / abweichen... insofern als This only applies to prose. It is somewhat different anders verhält es sich mit with verse and drama. If the Clinton-Gore team can effectively respond to the aber global agenda - understanding, explaining and carrying out intelligent policies to meet new changes - it will have demonstrated true leadership. But that is a big if. Studying at Stanford is hard work. The rewards, jedoch, indes, aber however, are worthwhile. Both Bush and Cheney are Republicans. sowohl... als auch &RQFHVVLRQ7KH(VVHQWLDOV Although 1956 is the earliest stated date for entries, the obwohl, obgleich program will accept a date as early as Although I disagree with the author, I must admit that such statements are out of place here. This is an interesting argument, even if I find it auch wenn, obwohl

2 unpersuasive. Is there a sense in which we are morally responsible for our dreams even if we cannot control them? 11 per cent of those surveyed der Befragten said they were in favour, while the overwhelming majority did not support the government. In spite of all their troubles, the royal family still believes they can count on us. Any hopeful sun-seekers in the western Mediterranean Mittelmeer during the last week were in for a shock (...) The Algerian capital Algiers received 121mm of rain in April. Across continental Europe, however, a hint of summer was in the air. At first glance auf den ersten Blick, these results seem to confirm Tory fears die Befürchtungen der Konservativen. However, a closer examination shows that their intervention in some cases reduced the swing Wählerwanderung to Labour. In the time period covered by this collection, few if any women were acknowledged as scholars. Nonetheless / Nevertheless women read, discussed, acted in and wrote about the plays of Shakespeare. Clark is not afraid of saying why he s so interested in adolescents. Their bodies are prettier. Elderly bodies, by contrast, are awful. It has often been said that if Parliament ceased to talk for 12 months, the country would suffer no inconvenience, and many people would probably be glad. On the other hand, if the LCC ceased to work for a few days, indescribable chaos would result, and the health of London be seriously jeopardised. This is, of course, a minor mystery, but an interesting one. This is a very patchy book, certainly; but it contains writing of vividness, wit and colour. während, wohingegen trotz jedoch, hingegen, dagegen, indes (contrast between the same thing or between different things) trotzdem, dennoch, nichtsdestotrotz, nichtsdestoweniger (contrast between the same thing only) auf der anderen Seite, dagegen Of course / Undoubtedly (etc.) But / However / Yet &DXVH5HDVRQDQG([SODQDWLRQ7KH(VVHQWLDOV Since today is a special day you may play in my study da while I work there. As these elements constitute 99 per cent of all living things, including plants, they are obviously of prime importance. Babychoice Ltd told mothers to return a babies weil dummy because babies might swallow the teat. Imports of finished dairy products represent only a small proportion of total imports of dairy products because almost all are produced locally using imported ingredients. Because innovation will play a greater role than efficiencies, market leaders will come and go. As a result of a contraction in Korean beef production, feed imports for cattle are expected to decline. Many of the women mentioned internal changes they have experienced as a result of parenting boys. Because of space limitations, the passages to which comments are directed are not included in this article. Because of some glitch, the teacher was unable to run the class he or she had intended to run. Very little material was available, and so in the last few years the class has been taught using student essays. Wegen, aufgrund DVDUHVXOWRIoften + gerund)indicates that one action is the single, direct cause of another) wegen, aufgrund EHFDXVHRIsuggests a less direct link between two actions than DVDUHVXOWRIthe gerund cannot be used with EHFDXVHRI daher, deshalb

3 He is inconsistent and therefore unreliable throughout. This search took six minutes. It is therefore necessary to make the search as specific as possible. In normal times therefore a measure such as a work-torule does not attract much notice. It follows therefore that a measure such as a work-torule does not attract much notice. Therefore we have found it helpful to include... It is important therefore that... This 6PDOOHU'LFWLRQDU\, intended for general consumption, can therefore go into any home, any school, any library. The Administration, therefore, will have to lean heavily on its new jawbone policy. (last four examples from Gallagher 1982: 104) 7KHUHIRUH has very complicated position rules. It may appear at the beginning, at the end or in the middle of the clause, and when it appears in the middle it may occupy several different positions: (a) after auxiliaries such as FDQ or PD\; (b) between the noun subject and the verb; (c) between a subordinator and a present participle. (cf. Gallagher 1982: 104) The toilets were not properly maintained. Because of this we used the other building.... a scheme that will lead to the creation of thousands führen zu, auslösen, hervorbringen of new jobs. Another simple command by the writer resulted in a printed version of the test. In the conservative world of the countryside, marriage mit sich bringen brought with it expectations of a stable family life.... social violence stems from human nature... herrühren von, entstehen durch One reason for positing this is... Another / A second Grund reason is that... A third reason is that... for these reasons machine code is now seldom used Adultery was a ground for divorce. there are good grounds for doubting that... for the grounds advanced in... on humanitarian grounds the main cause / root cause of violence the motive for their behaviour there is only one explanation for this Ursache Motiv Erklärung &RQVHTXHQFHDQG5HVXOW7KH(VVHQWLDOV The hall was so large that I couldn't see him at the far so + adjective... that end. I was so surprised that I dropped the pencil. His knowledge is so extensive that he can answer any question. These people had such awful experiences during the such + adjective + noun... that war that they still cannot talk about them. He has such a great sense of humour that everybody loves him. These workers are not entitled to paid holidays, so so daß; wodurch (that) most of them have to stay at home in summer. Less sleep is needed by the elderly, but the habits of a lifetime might not be changed easily, with the result that individuals retire earlier than necessary and too much time is spent in bed. They do not particularly appreciate this form of art. So it has simply been omitted from their book. In German, however, such expressions are usually folglich, daher, deshalb, deswegen compounded; consequently / as a consequence / as a result the German language is very rich in compound nouns. (Gallagher 1982: 105)

4 For this / that reason it is impossible to say who the murderer was. the consequences (of s.th. for s.th.) the economic / political consequences the effect (of s.th. on s.th.) to have / produce an effect on s.th. / s.o. to have little effect the impact (of s.th. on s.th.) to have / make little impact the outcome / the result it follows (from this) that... it is clear from this that... He seems to be much influenced by Peterson s view on the subject. These factors may have influenced the evolution of the discipline. Good health is affected by a balanced diet. His feelings about the successes of others will affect what he gives of himself.... the child who is adversely affected by parental smoking. A new city arises out of troubles of the old one. There are many important themes that arise from the study of this play. Whether all the planetary nebulae have developed from new stars is uncertain. This industry had been developed from a patented scientific invention. to arouse a feeling / curiosity / suspicion charged with / loaded with consequences / significance / assumptions and meanings fraught with controversy / danger / difficulties / meaning / problems / uncertainties / worry and anxiety a ballad heavy with pathos daher, darum, aus diesem Grund die Folge / die Auswirkung die (Aus-)Wirkung das Ergebnis daraus ergibt sich, daß beeinflussen, einwirken auf beeinflussen; (DGYHUVHO\) in Mitleidenschaft ziehen, beeinträchtigen entstehen, sich ergeben aus (sich) entwickeln, entstehen erwecken, hervorbringen, entstehen lassen,qwhqwlrqdqg3xusrvh7kh(vvhqwldov In order to arrive / To arrive at the same conclusion, all um... zu, damit you need to do is to follow my line of thought attentively. An increasing number of youngsters gather in Trafalgar Square around midnight to celebrate the New Year. We bought a microwave oven in order not to have to cook every day. For this theory to stand, there has to be proof that time is a distinct entity. They never forget to pay the doctor his fee, lest he damit... nicht; für den Fall, daß; aus Furcht, daß should become angry. The ruling class in Plato s utopia must be carefully monitored, lest a bad apple be left among them. The City was built deliberately with a wall, lest a Catholic rebellion should ever occur. Explain it so that all your students can understand it. so... daß They should be designed in such a way as to allow the rural people to make real profits. It must be constructed in such a way that we can move it from one system to another. He arranged the studio lights so as to highlight Nixon s sweaty brow. He must have an eagle eye, so as to be able to search

5 the country unfolded below him. He used this contraption for purposes of / for the purpose ofbird watching. The provisionals seek to destroy the Northern dominance of Protestant loyalists with a view to restoring the historic integrity of Ireland. The people involved will be interviewed with a view to prosecution. They demonstrated this by (means of) an example. Parents should practice these skills through roleplaying. The students will also be able to study through learning centres. He learned the language through reading and listening.... evidence obtained through the examination of stones. Japanese Americans had been model citizens, fulfilling the American dream by moving from rags to riches. By / Through sharing the ideas and beliefs they have about their experiences, participants are able to begin to examine and change these. zum Zwecke, in der Absicht, mit dem Ziel anhand, mit, durch, über

The is the best idea/suggestion/film/book/holiday for my. For me, the is because / I like the because / I don t like the because

The is the best idea/suggestion/film/book/holiday for my. For me, the is because / I like the because / I don t like the because Giving reason for statements In towns/the country you I like better, because can/can t (don t) find Comparison of adjectives more interesting/boring than exciting expensive modern cheap > cheaper than