Teacher s Guide. Great Films that Change Our World

Transcription

1 Teacher s Guide for Great Films that Change Our World Balkan Sunflowers With support from the British Office Prishtina In cooperation with the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology PISG and Radiotelevision

2 Management of Great Films that Change Our World Gëzim Visoka Agnes Matha Publisher Balkan Sunflowers Concept Rand Engel Gëzim Visoka Editing Rand Engel NGO Balkan Sunflowers Prishtina, Kosovo Publication of this guide was supported by British Office Prishtina Kosovo

3 Table of Contents 1. Letter from the British Office Prishtina 2. Letter from the Minister, Ministry of Education 3. Using the Booklet 4. Quotations 5. Film Descriptions 6. Human Rights Dates 7. Human Rights Timeline 3

4 British Office Pristina Dear Teacher, I am personally delighted that the British Office Pristina is supporting the project "Great Films that Change Our World". This project is being implemented by an NGO, Balkan Sunflowers, in co-operation with Radio Television 21, and has been funded by the British Government. This is another demonstration of the British Government s strong commitment to supporting peace, stability, democracy and respect for human rights in Kosovo. We believe that "Great Films that Change Our World" will make a valuable contribution. The project involves the broadcast of 26 outstanding films on a weekly basis. These films address themes such as human rights, democracy, workers' rights, and human dignity as great stories that teach and inspire. The films will be followed by panel discussions on the themes. 4

5 We wanted to support this project because we recognise the power of film to educate and stimulate a broad range of concerned citizens. We believe that the Sunday films on RTV 21 will become an important forum for distinguished fiction, documentary films and videos with a strong human rights theme. Through the eyes of committed and courageous filmmakers, we showcase the heroic stories of activists and survivors from all over the world. The films that will be featured help to put a human face on threats to individual freedom and dignity, and celebrate the power of the human spirit and intellect. We hope that viewers will feel empowered by the knowledge that personal commitment can make a very real difference. Respect for human rights and the rule of law for all is of vital importance for any free society. These films have important messages for the people of Kosovo at this important period in Kosovo s history. I hope that you find the quotations and calendar dates in the booklet provide inspiration for discussion and reflection, not only this year but in future years too. This booklet is provided as an aid to teachers who may want to take advantage of the film broadcasts as a basis for student discussions or exercises. As teachers, you are guiding those who will shape the Kosovo of the future by influencing the boys and girls of today to be active and responsible life-long citizens. I hope that you find that "Great Films that Change Our World" can become an aid to your wider teaching and that the booklet is of practical use. 5

6 We would be glad to have any feedback on your experience of this project. Please direct any comments With my best regards, Yours faithfully David Blunt 6

7 Letter from Agim Veliu Minister Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Nxënës të dashur, Mësimdhënës të çmuar, Projekti i organizatës Balkan Sunflowers për shfaqjen e filmave që ndryshojnë botën, është mbështetur pa rezervë nga MASHT. Ju dhe nxënësit, përmes magjisë së ekranit dhe kreativitetit inspirues të filmave, do të shikoni rrëfime e tregime të vërteta por edhe të inspiruara nga imagjinata njerëzore. Filmat që do të shfaqen dhe të diskutohet pastaj për ato ngjarje, kanë të bëjnë me të drejtat e njeriut dhe shkeljen e tyre. Ndërsa ne, qytetarët e Kosovës, kemi pasur fat(keqësinë)in që të përjetojmë në lëkurën tonë, vrasjet, plagosjet, keqtrajtimet, gjenocidin, aparteidin, dhunimet, shkatërrimet dhe të gjitha traumat e pasojat e luftës, në botën demokratike, njerëzit nuk mund t i marrin me mend e as t i imagjinojnë ato ngjarje që ndodhën jo vetëm në Kosovë, por, në pothuaj gjithë hapësirën e Ballkanit. Gjithnjë praktika e luftërave në botë e ka vërtetuar se viktima janë NJERËZIT e pafajshëm, civilët dhe kategoritë e pambrojtura si pleqtë dhe fëmijët. Filmat që duhet të ndryshojnë botën, së pari atë njerëzore dhe pastaj të gjithë politikanët dhe qeveritë e vendet, mbase nuk mëtojnë të gjejnë shkakun e as shkasin e shkeljes së të drejtave njerëzore. Ata nuk do të bëjnë që ne të harrojmë në krejt çka kemi kaluar gjatë fundviteve të shekullit të kaluar, por ata mund 7

8 të na ndihmojnë që TË FALIM, në emër të NJERIUT dhe ardhmërisë në liri e paqë, në emër të brezave e gjeneratave që vijnë. Prandaj, duke u lutur për të gjitha viktimat, duke ndezur nga një qiri për më të dashurit që nuk i kemi fizikisht në mesin tonë sepse na i mori lufta, le të lutemi edhe për ata që na shkaktuan aq shumë dhembje...! Kështu fisnikërojmë shpirtin tonë dhe bëhemi luftëtarë të denjë të mbrojtjes së JETËS dhe NJERIUT, kështu ecim bashkërisht edhe me predikimet e Zotit për paqë e dashuri në mes njerëzve. Bashkë me këtë projekt, kam shpresën se ju do të mësoni shumë, kurse disa mësime nga Deklarata e përgjithshme mbi të drejtat e njeriut e 10 dhjetorit 1948, shpallur nga Asambleja e Përgjithshme e Kombeve të Bashkuara, kanë vlerën e madhe të të kuptuarit të vetvetes, jetës dhe njeriut. Për të realizuar ëndërrën shekullore për liri e pavarësi dhe vizionin e Presidentit Rugova që me filozofinë e mosdhunës në rrugën e ndërtimit të shtetit dhe shoqërisë demokratike në Kosovë, i tregoi botës shpirtin liridashës të shqiptarëve, ne duhet t i mësojmë dhe respektojmë të tjerët, fqinjtë dhe miqtë. Vlerat e qytetërimit dhe demokracive të përparuara mbështetën në disa parime. Mbi bazën e tyre punojnë sot edhe institucionet e Kosovës të dala nga vota e lirë e qytetarëve. Prandaj duhet ta kuptojmë, mësojmë dhe përsërisim se mbrojtja e dinjitetit të njerëzve, të drejtat e barabarta dhe të patjetërsueshme të të gjithëve janë themeli i lirisë, drejtësisë dhe paqes në botë. Krijimi i botës në të cilën njerëzit do të gëzojnë lirinë e fjalës, të besimit dhe lirinë nga frika e skamja janë dëshira më e lartë e çdo njeriu. Ne të gjithë duhet të jetojmë të lirë, pa shtypje e tirani. 8

9 Ju dhe ne duhet të ndërtojmë ura afrie e miqësie me fqinjtë dhe me të gjithë popujt e etnitë. Bashkërisht dhe duke u arsimuar në frymën e respektitmit të të drejtave njerëzore, mund të përmbushim nevojën dhe obligimin që kemi për veteveten, shoqërinë dhe të ardhmen e fëmijëve tanë. Në emër të MASHT dhe Tuajin, në emër të të gjithë nxënësve e mësimdhënësve, falënderojmë vullnetarët e Balkan Sunflowers si dhe Zyrën Britanike në Prishtinë për mundësinë që t i shohim filmat që ndryshojnë botën të cilët do të mundësojnë që të përcjellim mesazhin për liritë njerëzore në Kosovë dhe në botë. Agim Veliu 9

10 Using this Booklet Balkan Sunflowers, with the sponsorship of the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office in Prishtina, has organized a film project, Great Films That Change the World, which will show a series of films on television. Many of these films are some of the greatest ever made winners of prizes and awards, popular in cinema houses around the world and often they have changed our world. Many are about great men and women who have had the courage to stand up for freedom, for human dignity, for their communities. Some are fiction. The film schedule is on the accompanying wall calendar. In one of the sections of this booklet you can find brief descriptions of the films and some possible discussion questions. Some of the films may not be appropriate for your age level students; this is indicated in the descriptions; and you can judge for yourself. If you want to recommend watching films, you can see every week on the calendar what the film will be. The following day, perhaps students will want to talk about the film. Even a short discussion that will not interfere with your normal lessons may get them thinking and even talking among themselves. As there will be panel discussions on television, some of these questions may be raised there too. This booklet also has brief descriptions of days that are marked on the human rights calendar: dates that mark important historical events or people, or that seek to draw the world s attention to goals or interests of the United Nations or other international organizations. This 10

11 is intended so that you can, if you wish, tell your class something about the date marked on the calendar. We also include daily quotations. These are thoughts by many of the world s great men and women about themes associated with democracy, law, values, rights, conscience, dignity and freedom. Suggested Uses for the Booklet 1 Daily use. There is a quotation or discussion question on the films for every day. That is up to you as the teacher. Please consider if you think these quotations and questions will be good for your students. 2 Discussion. Encourage the students to say what they think. Don t criticize their answers, though you may ask questions to encourage them to think more about what they say. Try not to make the questions too leading, as if to lead to only one right answer. Try to use open-ended questions, not questions that are easily answered by a yes or no. 3 Brief. You have other course work. Read a quotation, or description of a date on the calendar; then a 1-2 minute discussion may be enough to interest, inspire or stimulate your students. They can then think about it more or talk with others. 4 Use this book in future years. The films are being shown in 2006, so that part of this booklet may not be useful in future years, but the rest of the booklet is designed so that it can be used year after year. It won t hurt them to hear the same quotation or be reminded of a date a year later! 11

12 Daily Quotations 1 No person is your friend who demands your silence, or denies your right to grow. Alice Walker, born 1944, American writer 2 How wonderful it is that nobody need wait a single moment before starting to improve the world. Anne Frank, , Dutch girl, died in concentration camp 3 If you have always done it that way, it is probably wrong. Charles Kettering, , American engineer 4 It is impossible for a man to learn what he thinks he already knows. Epictetus, , Greek philosopher 5 In times of change, learners inherit the Earth, while the learned find themselves beautifully equipped to deal with a world that no longer exists. Eric Hoffer, , American social writer 6 Some men see things as they are and say, "Why?" I dream of things that never were and say, "Why not?" George Bernard Shaw, , Irish playwright 12

13 7 To exist is to change, to change is to mature, to mature is to go on creating oneself endlessly. Henri Bergson, , French philosopher 8 Change does not necessarily assure progress, but progress implacably requires change. Education is essential to change, for education creates both new wants and the ability to satisfy them. Henry Steele Commager, , American historian 9 Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself. Leo Tolstoy, , Russian novelist 10 I am always doing that which I can not do, in order that I may learn how to do it. Pablo Picasso, , Spanish-born painter 11 Few will have the greatness to bend history itself; but each of us can work to change a small portion of events, and in the total of all those acts will be written the history of this generation. Robert F. Kennedy, , American politician 12 Be not angry that you cannot make others as you wish them to be, since you cannot make yourself as you wish to be. Thomas a Kempis, , German monk 13

14 13 Great ideas often receive violent opposition from mediocre minds. Albert Einstein, , Swiss-born theoretical physicist, 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics 14 I found one day in school a boy of medium size illtreating a smaller boy. I expostulated, but he replied: 'The bigs hit me, so I hit the babies; that's fair.' In these words he epitomized the history of the human race. Bertrand Russell, , British mathematician and philosopher 15 My dear sir, they don't debate. Each of them merely issues an ultimatum, and in what a tone! It all goes to show what extraordinary people they are, each more unequivocal than the other. Colette, , French writer 16 The hottest places in Hell are reserved for those who in time of great moral crises maintain their neutrality. Dante Alighieri, , Italian poet 17 Peace is not the absence of conflict but the presence of creative alternatives for responding to conflict -- alternatives to passive or aggressive responses, alternatives to violence. Dorothy Thompson, , American journalist 14

15 18 Pick battles big enough to matter, small enough to win. Jonathan Kozol, 1936, American philosopher of education 19 Whenever two good people argue over principles, they are both right. Marie Ebner von Eschenbach, , Austrian writer 20 Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief, in worship, teaching, practice and observance. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article No matter how you seem to fatten on a crime, there can never be good for the bee which is bad for the hive. Ralph Waldo Emerson, , American essayist 22 Where all think alike, no one thinks very much. Walter Lippman, , American journalist 15

16 23 A human being is a part of the whole called by us universe, a part limited in time and space. He experiences himself, his thoughts and feeling as something separated from the rest, a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness. This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty. Albert Einstein, , Swiss-born theoretical physicist, 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics 24 Compassion is the basis of morality. Arnold Schopenhauer, , German philosopher 25 How far you go in life depends on your being tender with the young, compassionate with the aged, sympathetic with the striving and tolerant of the weak and strong. Because someday in life you will have been all of these. George Washington Carver, , American botanist 26 Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and to freedom of association with others, including the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests. Part from article 11, 16

17 European convention on Human Rights, The care of human life and happiness, and not their destruction, is the first and only object of good government. Thomas Jefferson, , 3 rd President of the U.S. 28 Genuine politics -- every politics worthy of the name -- the only politics I am willing to devote myself to -- is simply a matter of serving those around us: serving the community and serving those who will come after us. Its deepest roots are moral because it is a responsibility expressed through action, to and for the whole. Vaclav Havel, born 1936, Czech writer and First President of the Czech Republic 29 We who lived in concentration camps can remember the men who walked through the huts comforting others, giving away their last piece of bread. They may have been few in number, but they offer sufficient proof that everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms -- to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose one's own way. Victor Frankl, , Austrian psychiatrist 30 Justice is conscience, not a personal conscience but the conscience of the whole of humanity. Those who clearly 17

18 recognize the voice of their own conscience usually recognize also the voice of justice. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, born in 1918, Russian novelist, 1970 Nobel Prize in literature 31 When will our consciences grow so tender that we will act to prevent human misery rather than avenge it? Eleanor Roosevelt, , American human rights activist 32 Thou shalt not be a victim. Thou shalt not be a perpetrator. Above all, thou shalt not be a bystander. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington DC 33 The person that loses their conscience has nothing left worth keeping. Izaak Walton, , English writer 34 An individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and who willingly accepts the penalty of imprisonment in order to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the highest respect for the law. Martin Luther King, Jr , American civil rights activist, 1964 Nobel Peace Prize 35 First they came for the Jews. I was silent. I was not a Jew. Then they came for the Communists. I was silent. I 18

19 was not a Communist. Then they came for the trade unionists. I was silent. I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for me. There was no one left to speak for me. Martin Niemoller, , German religious leader 36 "Courage without conscience is a wild beast. Robert Ingersoll, , American political leader 37 Moral excellence comes about as a result of habit. We become just by doing just acts, temperate by doing temperate acts, brave by doing brave acts. Aristotle, BC, Greek philosopher 38 I long to accomplish a great and noble tasks, but it is my chief duty to accomplish humble tasks as though they were great and noble. The world is moved along, not only by the mighty shoves of its heroes, but also by the aggregate of the tiny pushes of each honest worker. Helen Keller, , American blind-deaf leader 39 When I hear music, I fear no danger. I am invulnerable. I see no foe. I am related to the earliest times, and to the latest. Henry David Thoreau, , American author 19

20 40 Conscience is the root of all true courage; if a man would be brave let him obey his conscience. James Freeman Clarke, , American preacher and author 41 Moral cowardice that keeps us from speaking our minds is as dangerous to this country as irresponsible talk. The right way is not always the popular and easy way. Standing for right when it is unpopular is a true test of moral character. Margaret Chase Smith, , American Senator 42 History, despite its wrenching pain, cannot be unlived, but if faced with courage, need not be lived again. Maya Angelou, born 1928, American activist and poet 43 Whatever you do, you need courage. Whatever course you decide upon, there is always someone to tell you that you are wrong. There are always difficulties arising that tempt you to believe your critics are right. To map out a course of action and follow it to an end requires some of the same courage that a soldier needs. Peace has its victories, but it takes brave men and women to win them. Ralph Waldo Emerson, , American essayist 44 Cautious, careful people, always casting about to preserve their reputation and social standing, never can 20

21 bring about a reform. Those who are really in earnest must be willing to be anything or nothing in the world's estimation, and publicly and privately, in season and out, avow their sympathy with despised and persecuted ideas and their advocates, and bear the consequences. Susan B. Anthony, , American women s rights leader 45 If liberty and equality, as is thought by some, are chiefly to be found in democracy, they will be best attained when all persons alike share in the government to the utmost. Aristotle, BC, Greek philosopher 46 It is not the fact of liberty but the way in which liberty is exercised that ultimately determines whether liberty itself survives. Dorothy Thompson, , American journalist 47 In 1929 the wise, far-seeing electors of my native Hereford sent me to Westminster and, two years later, the lousy bastards kicked me out. Frank Owen, British politician 48 Naturally the common people don't want war; neither in Russia, nor in England, nor in America, nor in Germany. That is understood. But after all, it is the leaders of the country who determine policy, and it is always a simple matter to drag the people along, 21

22 whether it is a democracy, or a fascist dictatorship, or a parliament, or a communist dictatorship. Voice or no voice, the people can always be brought to the bidding of the leaders. That is easy. All you have to do is to tell them they are being attacked, and denounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger. It works the same in any country. Hermann Goering, , German Nazi leader & war criminal 49 The right to be heard does not automatically include the right to be taken seriously. Hubert Humphrey, , American Vice President 50 Democracy does not guarantee equality of conditions - it only guarantees equality of opportunity. Irving Kristol, born 1920, American editor 51 The price of the democratic way of life is a growing appreciation of people's differences, not merely as tolerable, but as the essence of a rich and rewarding human experience. Jerome Nathanson, American ethicist 52 In politics, an organized minority is a political majority. Jesse Jackson, American political leader 53 22

23 We are not afraid to entrust the American people with unpleasant facts, foreign ideas, alien philosophies, and competitive values. For a nation that is afraid to let its people judge the truth and falsehood in an open market is a nation that is afraid of its people. John F. Kennedy, , American president 54 Democracy encourages the majority to decide things about which the majority is ignorant. John Simon, born 1925, Yugoslavian-born author 55 When I despair, I remember that all through history the way of truth and love has always won. There have been tyrants and murderers and for a time they seem invincible, but in the end, they always fall -- think of it, ALWAYS. Mohandas Gandhi, , Indian independence leader 56 The spirit of democracy cannot be established in the midst of terrorism, whether governmental or popular. Mohandas Gandhi, , Indian non-violence leader 57 In true democracy every man and women is taught to think for himself or herself. Mohandas Gandhi, , Indian independence leader 23

24 58 All government, indeed every human benefit and enjoyment, every virtue, and every prudent act, is founded on compromise and barter. Edmund Burke, , Anglo-Irish statesman and political philosopher 59 An imbalance between rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of all republics. Plato, BC, Greek philosopher 60 Democracy means not I am as good as you are but You are as good as I am. " Theodore Parker, , American Unitarian church minister 61 Did you, too, O friend, suppose democracy was only for elections, for politics, and for a party name? I say democracy is only of use there that it may pass on and come to its flower and fruit in manners, in the highest forms of interaction between [people], and their beliefs -- in religion, literature, colleges and schools -- democracy in all public and private life... Walt Whitman, , American poet 62 If we have no peace, it is because we have forgotten that we belong to each other. Mother Teresa, , Catholic nun, 1979 Nobel Peace Prize 24

25 63 I know God won't give me anything I can't handle. I just wish He didn't trust me so much. Mother Teresa, , Catholic nun, 1979 Nobel peace prize 64 I venture to say no war can be long carried on against the will of the people. Edmund Burke, , Anglo-Irish statesman and political philosopher 65 We cannot all do great things, but we can do small things with great love. Mother Teresa, , 1979 Nobel Peace Prize 66 Toleration is good for all, or it is good for none. Edmund Burke, , Anglo-Irish statesman and political philosopher 67 Man's enemies are not demons, but human beings like himself. Lao Tzu, BC, Chinese philosopher 68 There should be less talk.... What do you do then? Take a broom and clean someone's house. That says enough. Mother Teresa, , 1979 Nobel Peace Prize 25

26 69 Spread love everywhere you go: First of all in your own house...let no one ever come to you without leaving better and happier. Be the living expression of God's kindness; kindness in your face, kindness in your eyes, kindness in your smile. Mother Teresa, , Albanian charity leader 70 We ourselves feel that what we are doing is just a drop in the ocean. But the ocean would be less because of that missing drop. Mother Teresa, , Albanian religious leader 71 We think sometimes that poverty is only being hungry, naked and homeless. The poverty of being unwanted, unloved and uncared for is the greatest poverty. We must start in our own homes to remedy this kind of poverty. Mother Teresa, , 1979 Nobel Peace Prize 72 When the leaders choose to make themselves bidders at an auction of popularity, their talents, in the construction of the state, will be of no service. They will become flatterers instead of legislators; the instruments, not the guides, of the people. Edmund Burke, , Anglo-Irish statesman and political philosopher 73 26

27 It is very easy to forgive others their mistakes; it takes more grit and gumption to forgive them for having witnessed your own. Jessamyn West, , American writer 74 No man is above the law and no man below it. Theodore Roosevelt, , 26 th US President 75 Peace, in the sense of the absence of war, is of little value to someone who is dying of hunger or cold. It will not remove the pain of torture inflicted on a prisoner of conscience. It does not comfort those who have lost their loved ones in floods caused by senseless deforestation in a neighboring country. Peace can only last where human rights are respected, where the people are fed, and where individuals and nations are free. Dalai Lama, born 1935, Tibetan Buddhist Leader, 1989 Nobel Peace Prize 76 Fear is not the natural state of civilized people. Aung San Suu Kyi, born 1945, Burmese Peace Leader, 1991 Nobel Peace Prize 77 The only way to make sure people you agree with can speak is to support the rights of people you don't agree with. Eleanor Holmes Norton, born 1937, American Congresswoman 27

28 78 I look forward confidently to the day when all who work for a living will be one with no thought to their separateness as Negroes, Jews, Italians or any other distinctions. This will be the day when we bring into full realization the American dream -- a dream yet unfulfilled. A dream of equality of opportunity, of privilege and property widely distributed; a dream of a land where men will not take necessities from the many to give luxuries to the few; a dream of a land where men will not argue that the color of a man's skin determines the content of his character; a dream of a nation where all our gifts and resources are held not for ourselves alone, but as instruments of service for the rest of humanity; the dream of a country where every man will respect the dignity and worth of the human personality. Martin Luther King, , American civil rights activist, 1964 Nobel Peace Prize 79 To thine own self be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man. William Shakespeare, , English playwright 80 No one shall be held in slavery or servitude. No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labor. Part from article 4, European convention on Human Rights,

29 81 When you meet someone better than yourself, turn your thoughts to becoming his equal. When you meet someone not as good as you are, look within and examine your own self. Confucius, BC, Chinese social philosopher 82 Years ago I recognized my kinship with all living things, and I made up my mind that I was not one bit better than the meanest on the earth. I said then and I say now, that while there is a lower class, I am in it; while there is a criminal element, I am of it; while there is a soul in prison, I am not free. Eugene V. Debs, , American political leader 83 What you spend years building may be destroyed overnight. Build anyway. Mother Teresa, , 1979 Nobel peace prize 84 Consider the following. We humans are social beings. We come into the world as the result of others' actions. We survive here in dependence on others. Whether we like it or not, there is hardly a moment of our lives when we do not benefit from others' activities. For this reason it is hardly surprising that most of our happiness arises in the context of our relationships with others. Dalai Lama, 1935, Tibetan Buddhist Leader, 1989 Nobel Peace Prize 29

30 85 When I do good, I feel good; when I do bad, I feel bad. That's my religion. Abraham Lincoln, , 16th President of the US 86 Ethics, too, are nothing but reverence for life. This is what gives me the fundamental principle of morality, namely, that good consists in maintaining, promoting, and enhancing life, and that destroying, injuring, and limiting life are evil. Albert Schweitzer, , German theologian, philosopher and physician, 1953 Nobel Peace Prize 87 He who is too busy doing good finds no time to be good. Rabindranath Tagore, , Indian poet and philosopher, 1913 Nobel Prize for literature 88 Freedom to manifest one's religion or beliefs shall be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of public safety, for the protection of public order, health or morals, or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. Article 9, European convention on Human Rights, The remarkable thing is that we really love our neighbor as ourselves: we do unto others as we do unto ourselves. We hate others when we hate ourselves. We 30

31 are tolerant toward others when we tolerate ourselves. We forgive others when we forgive ourselves. We are prone to sacrifice others when we are ready to sacrifice ourselves. Eric Hoffer, , American social philosopher 90 True peace is not merely the absence of tension: it is the presence of justice. Martin Luther King, , American civil rights activist, 1964 Nobel Peace Prize 91 Peace is not the absence of war; it is a virtue; a state of mind; a disposition for benevolence; confidence; and justice. Spinoza, , German philosopher 92 None are so hopelessly enslaved as those who falsely believe they are free. Goethe, , German novelist and philosopher 93 We must not believe the many, who say that only free people ought to be educated, but we should rather believe the philosophers who say that only the educated are free. Epictetus, , Greek philosopher 31

32 94 There is danger from all men. The only maxim of a free government ought to be to trust no man living with power to endanger the public liberty. John Adams, , 2 nd President of the US 95 Liberty without learning is always in peril and learning without liberty is always in vain. John F. Kennedy, , American president 96 A free race cannot be born of slave mothers. Margaret Sanger, , American birth control activist 97 It is by the goodness of God that in our country we have these three unspeakably precious things: freedom of speech, freedom of conscience, and the prudence to practice neither. Mark Twain, , American humorist and writer 98 Freedom is not worth having if it does not connote freedom to err. Mohandas Gandhi, , Indian non-violence leader 99 If a nation values anything more than freedom, it will lose its freedom; and the irony of it is that if it is 32

33 comfort or money that it values more, it will lose that too. Somerset Maugham, , English writer 100 People hardly ever make use of the freedom they have. For example, the freedom of thought. Instead they demand freedom of speech as a compensation. Soren Kierkegaard, , Danish philosopher 101 So long as the people do not care to exercise their freedom, those who wish to tyrannize will do so; for tyrants are active and ardent, and will devote themselves in the name of any number of gods, religious and otherwise, to put shackles upon sleeping men. Voltaire, , French writer and philosopher 102 I know the price of success: dedication, hard work, and an unremitting devotion to the things you want to see happen. Frank Lloyd Weight, , American architect 103 Work for something because it is good, not just because it stands a chance to succeed. Vaclav Havel, born 1936, Czech writer and First President of the Czech Republic 104 We make a living by what we get, but we make a 33

34 life by what we give. Winston Churchill, , British Prime Minister 105 The child shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of the child's choice. From article 13, Convention on the Rights of the Child 106 In time we hate that which we often fear. William Shakespeare, , English playwright 107 Democracy is a process by which the people are free to choose the man who will get the blame. Laurence J. Peter, , educator 108 The spirit of democracy cannot be imposed from without. It has to come from within. Mohandas K. Gandhi, , Indian leader 109 I used to think anyone doing anything weird was weird. Now I know that it is the people that call others weird that are weird. Paul McCartney, 1942, British singer, The Beatles 34

35 110 Ultimately, America s answer to the intolerant man is diversity, the very diversity which our heritage of religious freedom has inspired. Robert F. Kennedy, , American politician 111 What is tolerance? -- it is the consequence of humanity. We are all formed of frailty and error; let us pardon reciprocally each other's folly -- that is the first law of nature. Voltaire, , French Enlightenment writer, deist and philosopher. 112 For everything there is a season, And a time for every matter under heaven: A time to be born, and a time to die; A time to plant, and a time to pluck up what is planted; A time to kill, and a time to heal; A time to break down, and a time to build up; A time to weep, and a time to laugh; A time to mourn, and a time to dance; A time to throw away stones, and a time to gather stones together; A time to embrace, And a time to refrain from embracing; A time to seek, and a time to lose; A time to keep, and a time to throw away; A time to tear, and a time to sew; A time to keep silence, and a time to speak; A time to love, and a time to hate, A time for war, and a time for peace. Ecclesiastes 3:1-8 35

36 113 You can only protect your liberties in this world by protecting the other man's freedom. You can only be free if I am free. Clarence Darrow, , American lawyer 114 It is the spirit and not the form of law that keeps justice alive. Earl Warren, , American jurist 115 The history of the world is the world s court of justice. Friedrich von Schiller, ,German poet, philosopher, historian, and dramatist. 116 Any man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in Mankind; and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee. John Donne, , English poet 117 You cannot make yourself feel something you do not feel, but you can make yourself do right in spite of your feelings. Pearl Buck, , American novelist 118 We will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends. Martin Luther King, Jr , Baptist minister, and African American civil rights activist. 36

37 119 One of the lessons of history is that nothing is often a good thing to do and always a clever thing to say. William Durant, , American philosopher 120 If you want to make peace with your enemy, you have to work with your enemy. Then he becomes your partner. Nelson Mandela, born 1918, first democratically elected President of South Africa 121 Democracy is not the law of the majority but the protection of the minority. Albert Camus, , French author and philosopher 122 I understand democracy as something that gives the weak the same chance as the strong. Mahatma Gandhi, , Indian non-violence leader 123 The impact of armed conflict on children is everyone's responsibility. And it must be everyone's concern. Graça Mache, International Children's Advocate 124 'Freedom from fear' could be said to sum up the whole philosophy of human rights. Dag Hammarskjold, , UN Secretary General 37

38 125 Today's human rights violations are the causes of tomorrow's conflicts. Mary Robinson, born 1944, Ireland, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 126 Human rights are inscribed in the hearts of people; they were there long before lawmakers drafted their first proclamation. Mary Robinson, former Irish President 127 No shift in the way we think or act is more critical than this: we must put people at the centre of everything we do. That is the essence of human security. Kofi Annan, born 1938, Ghana, Secretary-General of the United Nations 128 Misunderstanding arising from ignorance breeds fear, and fear remains the greatest enemy of peace. Lester B. Pearson, , Canadian Prime Minister 129 Cowardice asks the question: is it safe? Expediency asks the question: is it politic? Vanity asks the question: is it popular? But conscience asks the question: is it right? And there comes a time when one must take a position that is neither safe, nor politic, nor popular- but one must take it simply because it is right. Martin Luther King Jr , Nobel Laureate, Baptist minister, and American civil rights activist 38

39 130 Nothing is more useless in developing a nation's economy than a gun, and nothing blocks the road to social development more than the financial burden of war. War is the arch enemy of national progress and the modern scourge of civilized man. King Hussein of Jordan, Brute force, no matter how strongly applied, can never subdue the basic human desire for freedom. Dalai Lama, born 1935, Tibetan Buddhist Leader, 1989 Nobel Peace Prize 132 Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it's the only thing that ever has. Margaret Mead, , American anthropologist 133 Youth is the first victim of war; the first fruit of peace. It takes 20 years or more of peace to make a man; it takes only 20 seconds of war to destroy him. King Baudouin I, King of Belgium 134 Without free, self-respecting, and autonomous citizens there can be no free and independent nations. Without internal peace, that is, peace among citizens and between the citizens and the state, there can be no guarantee of external peace. Václav Havel, born 1936, Czech President 39

40 135 An injustice committed against anyone is a threat to everyone. Montesquieu, , French philosopher 136 Today the real test of power is not capacity to make war but capacity to prevent it. Anne O'Hare McCormick, , American journalist 137 No one is so foolish as to prefer war to peace, in which, instead of sons burying their fathers, fathers bury their sons. Croesus, King of Lydia 138 Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put an end to mankind. John F Kennedy, , US President 139 There never was a good war or a bad peace. Benjamin Franklin, , American inventor 140 Through the centuries, the history of peoples is but a lesson in mutual tolerance. Emile Zola, , Influential French novelist 141 Freedom is the last, best hope of earth. Abraham Lincoln, , US President 40

41 142 Freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. Martin Luther King, Jr , Nobel Laureate, Baptist minister, and African American civil rights activist 143 All we have of freedom-- all we use or know this our fathers bought for us, long and long ago. Rudyard Kipling, , British author and poet. 144 Men are not prisoners of fate, but only prisoners of their own mind. Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32 nd US President 145 We look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way. The third is freedom from want. The fourth is freedom from fear. Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd United States President 146 I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent." Mohandas Gandhi, , Indian independence leader

42 "The most disadvantageous peace is better than the most just war." Desiderius Erasmus, , Dutch humanist and theologian. 148 "The tragedy of war is that it uses man's best to do man's worst." Henry Fosdick, , American clergyman 149 An author who speaks about their own books is almost as bad as a mother who speaks about her own children. Benjamin Disraeli, , British Prime Minister 150 "War would end if the dead could return." Stanley Baldwin, , British Prime Minister 151 "Never think that war, no matter how necessary, nor how justified, is not a crime." Ernest Hemingway, , American novelist 152 "More than an end to war, we want an end to the beginning of all wars -- yes, an end to this brutal, inhuman and thoroughly impractical method of settling the differences between governments." Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the USA 42

43 153 "Peace is not only better than war, but infinitely more arduous." George Bernard Shaw, , Irish playwright, 1925 Nobel Prize for Literature 154 "We should take care, in inculcating patriotism into our boys and girls, that it is a patriotism above the narrow sentiment which usually stops at one's country, and thus inspires jealousy and enmity in dealing with others... Our patriotism should be of the wider, nobler kind which recognizes justice and reasonableness in the claims of others and which lead our country into comradeship with...the other nations of the world. The first step to this end is to develop peace and goodwill within our borders, by training our youth of both sexes to its practice as their habit of life, so that the jealousies of town against town, class against class and sect against sect no longer exist; and then to extend this good feeling beyond our frontiers towards our neighbors." Lord Baden-Powell, , soldier, writer and founder of the world Scouting movement. 155 "There is no way to peace. Peace is the way." A.J. Muste, , American pacifist, labor and civil rights activist 156 "I would say that I'm a nonviolent soldier. In place of weapons of violence, you have to use your mind, your 43

44 heart, your sense of humor, every faculty available to you...because no one has the right to take the life of another human being." Joan Baez, born 1941, American folk singer and songwriter 157 "Imagine all the people living life in peace. You may say I'm a dreamer, but I'm not the only one. I hope someday you'll join us, and the world will be as one." John Lennon, , singer, composer, guitarist, The Beatles 158 "All we are saying is give peace a chance..." John Lennon, , singer, songwriter, and guitarist, The Beatles 159 All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Article 1, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. Article 3, Universal Declaration of Human Rights,

45 The most pathetic person in the world is someone who has sight, but has no vision. Helen Keller, , deaf-blind leader 162 The very essence of leadership is that you have to have a vision. Theodore Hesburgh, born 1917, American educator 163 When I dare to be powerful, to use my strength in the service of my vision, then it becomes less and less important whether I am afraid. Audre Lorde, , black feminist mother poet 164 We make war that we may live in peace. Aristotle, BC, Greek philosopher 165 I have seen war. I have seen war on land and sea. I have seen blood running from the wounded. I have seen the dead in the mud. I have seen cities destroyed. I have seen children starving. I have seen the agony of mothers and wives. I hate war. Franklin D. Roosevelt, , US President 166 To lead people, walk beside them... As for the best leaders, the people do not notice their existence. The next best, the people honor and praise. The next, the people fear; and the next, the people hate... When the 45

46 best leader's work is done the people say, 'We did it ourselves! Lao Tzu, BC, Chinese philosopher 167 Religion and science both profess peace (and the sincerity of the professors is not being doubted), but each always turns out to have a dominant part in any war that is going or contemplated. Howard Nemerov, , US Poet Laureate 168 I must study politics and war that my sons may have liberty to study mathematics and philosophy. My sons ought to study mathematics and philosophy, geography, natural history, naval architecture, navigation, commerce and agriculture in order to give their children a right to study painting, poetry, music, architecture, statuary, tapestry, and porcelain. John Adams, , 2 nd President of the USA 169 It is an unfortunate fact that we can secure peace only by preparing for war. John F. Kennedy, , American president 170 In order to get beyond racism, we must first take account of race. There is no other way. And in order to treat some persons equally, we must treat them differently." Harry Blackmun, , US Supreme Court Justice 46

47 171 To dare is to lose one's footing momentarily. To not dare is to lose oneself. Soren Kierkegaard, , Danish philosopher and theologian 172 "Resistance does not start with big words but with small deeds [...] asking yourself a question and then asking that question to others that is how resistance starts." Remco Campert, born 1929, Dutch writer 173 "It is just as difficult and dangerous to try to free a people that wants to remain servile as it is to enslave a people that wants to remain free." Niccolò Machiavelli, , Florentine political philosopher 174 The main difference between a cat and a lie is that a cat only has nine lives. Mark Twain, , American humorist 175 I have never let my schooling interfere with my education. Mark Twain, , American humorist 176 "Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime." Aristotle, BC, Greek philosopher 47

48 177 Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak. Courage is also what is takes to sit down and listen. Winston Churchill, , British Prime Minister, 1953 Nobel Prize for literature 178 There is no jewel in the world comparable to learning; no learning so excellent as knowledge of laws. Edward Coke, , English jurist 179 True peace is not merely the absence of tension: it is the presence of justice. Martin Luther King, , American civil rights activist, 1964 Nobel Peace Prize 180 People who really want help may attack you if you help them. Help them anyway. Mother Teresa, , Catholic nun, 1979 Nobel peace prize 181 Always do right; this will gratify some and astonish the rest. Mark Twain, , American humorist and writer 182 Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally 48

49 available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. Article 26, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Whenever a separation is made between liberty and justice, neither, in my opinion, is safe. Edmund Burke, , Anglo-Irish statesman and political philosopher 184 Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. Article 29, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Action may not always bring happiness; but there is no happiness without action. Benjamin Disraeli, , British Prime Minister 49

50 186 "Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put an end to mankind...war will exist until that distant day when the conscientious objector enjoys the same reputation and prestige that the warrior does today." John F. Kennedy, , American president 187 "I prefer the most unfair peace to the most righteous war." Cicero, BC, Roman orator and statesman 188 Conscience is the inner voice which warns us that someone may be looking. H. L. Mencken, , American journalist 189 The good you do today may be forgotten tomorrow. Do good anyway. Mother Teresa, , 1979 Nobel Peace Prize 190 Liberty, taking the word in its concrete sense, consists in the ability to choose. Simone Weil, , French philosopher 191 No Government can be long secure without a formidable Opposition. Benjamin Disraeli, , British Prime Minister 50