1 Present tenses Seite Sequence of tenses Seite 4 5

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1 Lösungen 1 Present tenses Seite Stereotypes of England 1 always rains; 2 Is it raining; 3 is shining; 4 wear; 5 see; 6 are wearing; 7 usually drink; 8 are drinking; 9 are; 10 always stand; 11 are trying; 12 is / 3. 2 London or Berlin? 1 say; 2 normally live; 3 am staying; 4 is; 5 offer; 6 always find; 7 are; 8 happens; 9 is; 10 love; 11 am thinking; 12 see; 13 feel; 14 is; 15 spend; 16 is; 17 am looking forward; 18 has 2 Sequence of tenses Seite Some facts about TV series a) has been broadcast b) created had made c) ran was d) played had played e) has watched f) said 2 My favourite TV series Hinweis: Tenses that need to be employed are: a) simple past/present perfect b) simple past c) past perfect d) simple present (see Present tenses, p. 2) e) past perfect 3 Casting shows a) Last night I watched the final episode of Germany s Next Top Model with my friends. b) Germany s Next Top Model has been running since c) The first episode was broadcast on 25 January, d) The format was new to Germany, but it had been introduced in the USA in e) It has been claimed for a long time that this show causes anorexia in young women. 3 Future tenses Seite Young people s future plans and worries Hinweis: In some cases, the correct form is not clearly determined and both can be used. a) will are going to b) will their lives c) will d) are going to e) will 2 Discussing future plans 1 are you doing/are you going to do 2 I m going/i m going to go 3 will be 4 will finally learn 83

2 5 I m going to travel/i m going to be travelling 6 will meet/will be meeting 7 will find 8 won t be 9 it s not getting/it s not going to get 10 I m going to start 11 won t regret 12 won t regret 13 You ll make/you ll be making 14 you re going to do 15 I m going to help out/i m going to be helping out 16 are having 17 starts 18 I m definitely going 19 Are you going to come?/are you coming? 20 I ll buy 21 I have 22 get out 23 I ll look in 24 work/you re working 25 I ll show 4 Conditional sentences Seite Spotting mistakes Die korrekten Sätze sind: c), d), f), i), j) a) If I get the chance b) If my sister became pregnant e) If I had to live g) I would have better grades h) If I had ever met Malala, I would have asked her 3. / 4. if-clause main clause yes/no percentage a) present tense will-future 50:50 = open b) past tense conditional 1 (would + infinitive) 30:70 = improbable c) past perfect conditional 2 (would have + third form) 100 % no = impossible d) past tense conditional 1 30:70 = improbable e) past tense conditional 1 30:70 = improbable f) present tense will-future 50:50 = open g) past tense conditional 1 30:70 = improbable h) past perfect conditional % no = impossible i) past perfect conditional % no = impossible j) past tense conditional 1 30:70 = improbable 84

3 2 One step further The pairs of tenses are different: past perfect + conditional 1 (= types II and III mixed) combines present tense with an imperative (type I) the if-clause is in the present tense, the main clause contains a modal verb The rule is: This all depends on the content of the sentences and on what you would like to say. Make sure you know the basic rules plus these exceptions. 3 Practice makes perfect a) cost b) had studied c) would talk d) will be e) would have married a) read will disappear b) didn t stare would have c) had not booked would not have learned / learnt d) can want e) had planned would not be 4 What if? a) Joe will travel to the US if his relatives invite him. b) It would be great if there were more places to hang out. c) If Susan had to wear a school uniform, she would feel better. d) If Marc had found a job in London, he would have gone there for some years. e) If alcohol was more expensive, teenagers would drink less. 5 Passive voice Seite Information about Cardiff, a Welsh city a) Welsh is spoken by 11 % of Cardiffians. b) Since 2000, many tall buildings in the city centre have been authorized by the local government. c) The building of the National Assembly for Wales was opened by the Queen in d) 100 sites across the city will be considered by Cardiff council for future development. e) The plan for future development is currently being designed by the council. 2 Las Vegas a) Las Vegas is visited by millions of tourists every year. b) High sums of money are lost by many people in the casinos. c) People from all over the world are attracted by world-class hotels. d) The Stratosphere is operated and owned by American Casino & Entertainment Properties. e) Between 2010 and 2013, several parts of the hotel were being renovated by the owners. f) MGM Grand Las Vegas was opened by MGM Resorts International in g) In the film Ocean s Eleven, the MGM casino was robbed by Danny Ocean and his crew. h) The city is being blamed by many critics for leaving the poor behind. i) The environment has been seriously affected by the construction of Hoover Dam. j) Natural flooding of the Colorado river was prevented by Hoover Dam. k) Many plants and animals were eliminated (by this). 6 Adverbs Seite Spotting mistakes a) correct b) Usually, young people c) correct d) correct e) extremely hard to understand. f) Generally, graffiti g) Las Vegas reports constantly increasing visitor numbers. h) The slow death of newspapers i) I regularly check j) The digital world 85

4 2 One step further a) always = adverb There are many adverbs of time and frequency (never, often, sometimes) which do not end in -ly. b) fast = adverb Fast is an adjective and an adverb at the same time. c) in a friendly way Friendly is an adjective, to make it an adverb, you have to use a paraphrase: in a friendly way. 3 Practice makes perfect a) completely b) probably c) totally d) democratically e) really a) extremely b) serious c) financial d) financially e) happily 4 Make up sentences a) Peter finds mathematics totally easy. b) However, he completely failed in his last test. c) Next time, he will definitely study harder. 5 Adjective or adverb? 1 really 2 Luckily 3 totally 4 absolutely 5 completely 6 immediately 7 definitely 8 hopefully 7 Word order: Basic rules, questions Seite New York, a city of immigrants a) that New York is the greatest city! b) Do you see? c) All the immigrants arrived there d), I think of e) who emigrated to America. f) But he could not make any money, so some years later he returned g) Can you imagine that? h) because they hoped for a better life. i) who went to America? j) I don t know whether I have any relatives there. 2 New York s social problems a) Although New York is such a great city, it has many problems. b) You see many people who do not have a place to sleep. c) Every night they have to find a place where they can spend the night. d) Have you heard of the Upper East Side? e) Only very rich New Yorkers can live here. f) But if you get to the Bronx, you can see terribly poor houses. 8 Word order: Position of adverbs Seite Switching it off b); a); 3. a); 4. b); 5. b); 6. a) 2 Staying in touch 86 I am always wondering what you young people are looking at so intensively on your phones. Well, it is very important to us to be connected all the time. I often check my phone ten times before school.

5 I can hardly believe that. Oh yes! I sometimes even take my phone to the bathroom. And why do you constantly have to check your phone so urgently? Obviously, I need to know the latest news all the time. But do you never talk with your friends face to face? Fortunately, all my friends are also on Facebook, so we always know what everybody is thinking before we meet at school in the morning. I am glad I am not young now. I always liked to be together with my friends. We sat in my room and talked for hours in the afternoons! 9 Modal verbs Seite Discussing problems 1 can/could; 2 shall; 3 could; 4 will; 5 can; 6 could; 7 will; 8 may; 9 might/could; 10 should; 11 may/ might/could; 12 must; 13 would; 14 would; 15 could; 16 could; 17 would; 18 will not be able to; 19 will; 20 will; 21 will; 22 must; 23 mustn t; 24 May; 25 should/ought to; 26 will 10 Reported speech Seite Discussion about an election campaign a) Simon said that he had seen a really interesting report about the campaign the night before. b) I asked him if they had talked about the latest polls. c) He explained that they had and that the Democratic candidate was leading by a small margin. d) I asked how the Republican candidate had reacted. e) He said that she would campaign harder and that she would appear on several rallies the following week. f) I asked him if he was going to go to any of them. g) He said he might. Then he invited me to join him. h) I said that I would and thanked him. 2 Declaration of war against Japan Lösungsvorschlag: On 8 December, 1941 President Roosevelt addressed the Vice President, the Speaker, and members of the Senate and the House of Representatives. He announced that the United States had been attacked unexpectedly by the naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. He claimed that the United States had been at peace with that nation. He said it would be recorded that the distance between Hawaii and Japan made it obvious that the attack had been planned many days or weeks before. He said with regret that very many American lives had been lost. He told the audience that the day before, the Japanese government had also launched an attack against Malaya, and that the night before the Japanese had attacked Hong Kong and Wake Island. He added that that morning the Japanese had attacked Midway Island. He stated that hostilities existed. He pointed out that the American people, territory and interests were in grave danger. But he also said that with the confidence of the American armed forces, and the great determination of the American people, they would gain the inevitable triumph. He asked the Congress to declare that since the attacks by Japan, a state of war had existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire. 87