IMPOSSIBLE FOR EVOLUTION IMPOSSIBLE FOR EVOLUTION!

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Claire Blair
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1 IMPOSSIBLE FOR EVOLUTION!

2 The book is dedicated to our grandchildren: Bryant, Douglas, Bailey, Chad, and Rebecca, and to all the other grandchildren who must face this issue. Special thanks to Shawn Jones, Elizabeth Brown, Logan McClain, Philip Bailey, and Linda Castleman for proof reading and editing. Published by: BCE Publications Houston, Texas Third edition Notice: Many of the pictures in this book have been copied to computer files from numerous articles and other sources over the years. Some of the thoughts have been gleaned from articles read. Typically, due to volume, permission has not been asked to reprint photographs or articles. Credit was given when available. 2

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4 PREFACE Poisonous snakes will be discussed in detail later, but the one shown in the graphic is a starting example of what this book is about. In addition to being a snake, the snake has: 1. Cells that will create a venom which will kill other cells, but not kill themselves, 2. Cells that will form into a bladder to store the deadly venom, 3. A hollow fang for delivery, 4. A venom duct, 5. A valve to contain the poison, 6. A compressor muscle, and 7. A control system That is a list of chemical, physical, and electrical inventions which must be made for this to happen. Additionally, they must all be available at the same time or they would not just be useless, they would be a threat to the snake s life. The question of this book is can this be a series of chance mutations of the DNA in the snake s cells, or would that be impossible to happen? Not just unlikely, but impossible. If it were impossible to happen by chance and poisonous snakes exist, what does that mean? The discussions following include: 1. Definition of terms. 2. What does impossible mean, what is the measure? 3. Numerous examples for you to consider. 4. What atheistic evolutionists are teaching our children. 5. Responses to the atheistic evolutionists. The presentations are a combination of too much detail and not enough detail, depending on what the reader would like to see. It is heavily illustrated with graphics to give a quick overview of the subject. All items are introduced for you, not intending to be an intensive study of any of them. Fig. by Slideshare.net It is not our goal for the reader to agree with every one of our examples. If you understand that any one of them is impossible to happen due to chance evolution, we have achieved our goal. We hope you enjoy reading this book, and will give us feedback on how to communicate this message better. 4

5 THERE IS TRUTH! Atheistic evolution or God or some other unknown alternative is truth! God has either identified Himself or He has not! God has communicated Himself to us or He has not! God has expectation of us or He does not! Our kids live in a world which is becoming more pluralistic, humanistic, and atheistic. To some extent this feeling is because in the postreformation world, we have tended to be in a favorable religious climate. It is likely that our kids are not in a more secular, pluralistic, humanistic, and atheistic than the outside world Jesus faced. As if that were not bad enough, we live in an increasingly secular society which considers religion irrelevant, and all religions equal. If they are all equal nice stories and they have conflicting teachings, it means that they are not truth. First, some definitions: Secularism is the principle of the separation of government from religion. Secular humanism posits that human beings are capable of being ethical and moral without religion or a god. Basically, humans are masters of their destiny. Pluralism is a condition or system in which two or more states, groups, principles, sources of authority, etc., coexist. In other words, there is no single true God, there are multiple equal gods. Atheism is the rejection of belief that any deities exist. INTRODUCTION Secularism, secular humanism, pluralism, and atheism all teach against believing in a God 5 which is truth. They define religion as a myth in various ways. With that as a background, we need to prepare our kids to face the world and be strong and faithful in the world. There is a sequence of understanding which we need to impart to our children, including: 1. IF GOD? (Is there a god at all or is atheistic evolution adequate to explain all we see around us?) THERE IS TRUTH! 2. WHICH GOD? (Is God, Buddha, Allah, Hindu gods or some other god the actual God; or are they all representations of the one God?) 3. IS THERE A COMMUNI- CATION TO US FROM THAT GOD? Is there a written or verbal message which we have receive that can stand the test of time and demonstrate itself by special truths or miracles? A What is truth? question. 4. WHAT IS THE EXPECTATION OF THAT GOD FROM US? Does that communication give information on what we need to do to be saved? How do we understand that communication: as literal or figurative? This book is about IF GOD?. We characteristically have equipped our youth with an interpretation of the Bible which was made by well meaning people a long time ago. Whereas the Bible remains true, but some of our interpretations of the Bible have been shown to be wrong. In spite of reasonably being shown to be wrong, some of us cling to them as if they were gospel.

INTRODUCTION, P. 2 As an example we are being constantly bombarded with casual statements like The light from that galaxy has been traveling toward us for a billion years and we seem oblivious to it.

6 INTRODUCTION, P. 2 As an example we are being constantly bombarded with casual statements like The light from that galaxy has been traveling toward us for a billion years and we seem oblivious to it. Either we need to accept that it has been coming toward us for a billion years, or show why it hasn t. God sent the light no matter how long it has been coming. God has written 3 books; the Universe, the Old Testament, and the New Testament. Each of them tell us information about God. The Old and New Testaments are correct, but are basically not scientific books. God s universe is a scientific text book, and we need to listen to what it says also. This does not mean you need to believe everything scientists tell us, only what science tells us. The only thing we can do wrong here is to make personal interpretations of one of God s books which conflicts with the teaching of one of His other books. Remember one thing, our kids are watching us. Specifically, if you let the discussion be about 24 hour days instead of the truth of God, you are fighting a hopeless battle when the truth is on God s side. He may have actually created the world in 24 hour segments, but that is an interpretation. Read God s science book also to see. This book is an attempt to help equip our kids with needed information to face a new fast paced world which is trying to lead them astray. The title of this book is Impossible for Evolution. Even the title conflicts with contemporary 6 scientific wisdom. It merits some additional definition of terms. First EVOLUTION which is a generic and somewhat ambiguous term. The term can be divided into two basic categories: MICRO-EVOLUTION or adaptive evolution which is minor changes in already existing characteristics. The chicken graphic is an example of this and we all believe this happens. MACRO-EVOLUTION or creative evolution which is the creation of new capabilities in already existing characteristics. For more information, see specific pages on Micro and Macro-Evolution. To a large extent, the theory of evolution is based upon Charles Darwin s observations between 1831 and 1836 on the Galapagos Islands in the South Pacific that birds with hard food had smaller harder beaks and birds with soft food had larger softer beaks. Bird s beaks evolved to match the food supply. It is reasonable to conclude that bird s beaks micro-evolved to match the food supply. To use that as proof that macro-evolution occurs is simply not reasonable.

The chicken graphic shows micro-evolution in our times. Through selective breeding, the size of our chickens was increased from 3.5 to 6.18 lbs. between 1955 and today.

This micro / macro distinction is not recognized by conventional scientific wisdom as they would characterize them INTRODUCTION, P 3 as being the same thing.

7 The chicken graphic shows micro-evolution in our times. Through selective breeding, the size of our chickens was increased from 3.5 to 6.18 lbs. between 1955 and today. This is comparable to what Darwin saw on the Galapagos Islands when different characteristics of existing bird beaks were emphasized. This micro / macro distinction is not recognized by conventional scientific wisdom as they would characterize them INTRODUCTION, P 3 as being the same thing. They would claim that enough minor changes over enough time makes a major or creative change. This is also not a discussion on whether God made progressively more complex beings over some time span and so functionally evolved 7 His design. This a discussion on whether ATHEISTIC EVOLUTION can create the things and life around us. In other words, did a Big Bang happen and result in what we see? In this book and in the title, when we refer to evolution we are referring to atheistic evolution. You can go to Genesis Ch. 30 and see how Jacob used similar selective breeding to evolve Laban s cattle to his benefit. Certainly we believe in evolution, just not macro-evolution. On the subject of IMPOSSIBLE, when asking my friend Marc (an atheist) what he would have to see that would be impossible for evolution to achieve, he said nothing. What he meant was that he believed that everything around him was the product of evolution, so by definition he could be shown nothing impossible for evolution to do. He is very intelligent and very sincere. IT IS NOT HIGHLY IMPROBABLE THAT AN ACCIDENT COULD CREATE LIFE AND CONTINUE TO INVENT ALL WE SEE IN LIFE AROUND US, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE! Again, the purpose of this book is to show the intelligence, creative power, and vision which are required of macroevolutionary upgrades to life. It is not highly improbable that an accident could create life and continue to invent all we see in life around us. It is impossible. IT IS NOT HIGHLY IMPROBABLE THAT THE UNIVERSE COULD HAVE SPRUNG FROM NOTHING IN A BIG BANG, IT IS IMPOSSIBLE!

8 The Webster Dictionary primary definition of impossible is incapable of being or of occurring. Webster s secondary definitions are felt to be incapable of being done, attained, or fulfilled, insuperably difficult <an impossible deadline>, extremely undesirable : unacceptable, extremely awkward or difficult to deal with <the actor was impossible on the set>. We are concerned only with the primary definition, not just being difficult. This book attempts to define some ways a concept is demonstrated to be impossible, as follows: 1. [1] SOMETHING FROM NOTHING: If it presumes something was created from nothing it violates the First Law of Thermodynamics. 2. [2] LASTS FOREVER: If it presumes something has lasted forever, it violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics. This eliminates all perpetual motion concepts. 3. [3] BLIND COMPLEXATION: The act of assuming a new function when there is no direct benefit to the cell or group of cells which is assuming the function, i.e. cells in the optic nerve developing the ability to faithfully communicate an electric signal from an eye it cannot see to a brain it cannot see. 4. [4] IRREDUCIBLE COMPLEXITY: More than one attribute must evolve over a long period of time to usefulness at the same time when they would individually be useless. 5. [5] COMPROMISING EVOLUTION: When a characteristic is presumed to be evolved, but a semi-evolved characteristic would threaten the beings existence, e.g. a half formed wing slowing it down. WHAT DOES IMPOSSIBLE MEAN? 8 6. [6] NEW DNA PROGRAMMING: As in computer programming, micro-evolution can change variables within the existing program, but cannot write new programming. New Programming would be macroevolution. 7. [7] NON-PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENTS: Things which have no physical measure such as thinking and memory In the items following in this book indicated as impossible for evolution, the basis for the categorization will be indicated by the numbers as indicated above, e.g. [3] which will be in the footer on each page. It requires an intelligent designer to get over these hurdles to achieve something which is impossible for atheistic evolution to accomplish. An example of macro-evolution would be if a living thing had no beak and developed a beak. There are numerous examples of items such as the creation of sight, taste, hearing, and blood clotting. Darwin did not observe this. He observed a likely result of micro-evolution and concluded it was proof for macro-evolution. It is important to note that the thesis of this book is generally that a zero I.Q. something had no capacity to invent something complex. Atheistic evolutionists teach instead that small mistakes in DNA structures can cause a good over time. In Charles Darwin s time when mankind had no idea how very complex life was, maybe this made some sense. Since then everything we have learned indicates how complex the programming is for any function and therefore how impossible it would be for an accident to do it. God may be incomprehensible to us, but the intelligent design around us clearly points to a God that is infinitely smarter and immeasurably more capable than we are.

THE BIG BANG At the currently taught beginning of time, all the mass and energy we see in the universe was concentrated at an infinitely small point in space.

9 THE BIG BANG At the currently taught beginning of time, all the mass and energy we see in the universe was concentrated at an infinitely small point in space. If you don t have a problem with that, then up to second there is a smooth blend of forces and energy which simply expands (or explodes). From to 10-6 second subatomic particles form. From 10-6 to 1 second things like electrons form. From 1 second to 3 minutes electrons, protons, and neutrons form. From 3 to 20 minutes simple atoms form. From 20 minutes to 240,000 years more complex atoms form. This is shown in the graphic below. The numbers don t match exactly because every reference says something slightly different. Ignoring that the teaching is that a smooth blend of forces and energy seems to have a predisposition to create very complex structures, we are only going to consider the red ball at the left or the first 1/1,000,000,000 of a second (10-12 or one trillionth). There are 2 choices for explaining this: 1. Massive amounts of energy/matter came from nothing at that time, or 2. A prior existence of the universe collapsed back to a point and then exploded or expanded again, as it has forever with no beginning. Case one violates the 1 st law of thermodynamics which is basically something cannot come from nothing. Case two violates the 2 nd law of thermodynamics which says all things run down and cannot last for ever. Either of the atheistic evolutionist s starting methods violates the laws of thermodynamics, and therefore depends on a miracle. God is the Miracle who can do this. Fig. by Universetoday.com My favorite Big Bang is God spoke it and Bang, it happened. 9 See page 8 for an explana on of these numbers [1], [2]

The big bang is taught to have started at an infinitely small point and expanded as a tremendous explosion.

Any reasonable logic would indicate that such an unrestrained explosion would provide a spherical result rather than a flat result.

circular rings around it. (He is showing all the matter going to the right in the graphic simply as a matter of convenience.) He starts with a ball and presumably continues with the ball.

10 The big bang is taught to have started at an infinitely small point and expanded as a tremendous explosion. The government sponsored research taking place (at your expense) is now indicating that the universe if flat. Any reasonable logic would indicate that such an unrestrained explosion would provide a spherical result rather than a flat result. FLAT UNIVERSE You might notice on the previous page where a different scientist is talking about the Big Bang instead of the shape of the universe, he shows an explosion from a central point with circular rings around it. (He is showing all the matter going to the right in the graphic simply as a matter of convenience.) He starts with a ball and presumably continues with the ball. Although hindsight will prompt them to come up with some explanation for being flat, they apparently haven t figured one out yet. It would seem reasonable to say that any reasonable logic for the natural result of an unrestrained explosion at a point would be spherical. Whereas we don t have a better explanation, it might be that God spread it Current research indicates that the universe is flat! out like a canvas to work on. ( who stretches out the heavens like a curtain, Psalm 104:2) At least we would admit it would require a miracle, and that miracle is God. I am the one who made the earth and created people to live on it. With my hands I stretched out the heavens. All the stars are at my command. (Isaiah 45:12 NLT) Fig by universetoday.com 10 [3]

INTELLIGENT DESIGN Scientists will assure you that this is easy for evolution, but what do they say when they are not trying to justify evolution. Scientists, primarily led by a Dr.

11 INTELLIGENT DESIGN Scientists will assure you that this is easy for evolution, but what do they say when they are not trying to justify evolution. Scientists, primarily led by a Dr. Frank Drake, have searched for intelligent extra terrestrial life since He is Emeritus Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics at the University of California, Santa Cruz. On August 15, 1977 Dr. Jerry R. Ehman received a signal which was judged to be the sign of extra terrestrial intelligence. It is important to understand that the complexity of this message was not judged to be something to have happened by accident, but was the sign of an intelligent being. It gives us a measure to determine what complexity might require intelligent design. The following is a printout of what is called the Wow! signal. (intensities) of the signal was assigned numbers from 0 to 9 and then louder signals assigned letters from A to Z. It is like you hit the A key on the piano softly and then loudly, but it is still the A key. Now, note that the letters 6EQU are in the order of progressive increasing. Then the letters UJ5 are going back down. This means that a single note got loud and then quiet again. That s it. One note which gets loud and then gets quiet is considered proof of intelligence by scientists when not trying to prove evolution. Living things with millions of coded DNA signals are considered as accidents of evolution not requiring any intelligent design by scientists trying to justify evolution. For more information on this read the wowsignal at Fig. from en.wikipedia.org Photo by BFB You can be impressed that the signal is 6EQUJ5 and lasted for 72 seconds. With that as the definition of what requires intelligence to produce, you can safely say that it takes supernatural assistance to design the DNA of a simple virus DNA. You can be really sure that it takes an intelligent designer to make human DNA. However, despite the printout saying 6EQUJ5, the signal did not say that. The Big Ear Radio telescope was tuned to a single frequency and the possible volumes 11 A second recognized sign of intelligence is in the photograph above. The 3 rocks stacked on top of each other is a trail marker which gives assurance that you are on the right path. A sure sign of intelligent design, even though some simpler than the three billion coded pairs of nucleotides in the human DNA. We would suggest it is unreasonable for scientists to suggest that the 6EQUJ5 pattern or 3 rocks stacked on top of one another are a sign of intelligence, but that DNA is an accident.

12 THE START OF LIFE [7] General evolution teaches that lightning struck a primordial brew and started life. Sounds simple enough. To get a feel for the reality of this belief, we want to discuss what are the minimum requirements of life? Although there are a number of other requirements, there are five basic characteristics that must happen in one place to have life. made by man. Can you be alive without any of these capabilities? The evolutionary lightning strike had to do all complex creations at one time for the life to survive. Do you believe that all these capabilities can happen because lightning strikes something? Wouldn t you think it more likely that lightning would kill something rather than bring it to life? Fig. by BFB The graphic shows a crude cell with a symbolic DNA strand in it, indicating that to be alive you must reproduce, get food (which implies you can move to get it unless you are lucky), get oxygen, have a process to combine food with oxygen to release energy (burn), and get rid of your internal wastes so they don t poison you. The graphic titled Cell Structure gives a better idea of how complex an actual cell is. The cell is literally the chemical factory of life. It is said that each cell is more complex than the most complex machine Are you smarter than the dumbest thing which ever lived? The dumbest thing ever supposedly figured out how to take food and chemically mix (burn) it with oxygen to produce energy. Do you know how to do that? It also figured out how to divide in half to reproduce. Can you figure out how to divide in half? It is not unlikely, it is impossible! Rather than the simplistic graphic on the left, the graphic below shows how incredibly complex a living cell really is. All of this complexity must happen beforehand for something to be alive. Surely this is the work of an intelligent designer rather than an accidental strike of lightning. Photo from training seer.cancer.gov 12 [3], [4], [5], [7]

We hear a lot about Intelligent Design today, and negative reaction to it by the scientists. The scientists have defined their measure for intelligence which we are going to discuss.

13 We hear a lot about Intelligent Design today, and negative reaction to it by the scientists. The scientists have defined their measure for intelligence which we are going to discuss. But first we will look at God s simplest work. Below in this column is a nucleotide. It is a basic building block of life. DNA A PROOF OF GOD The entire DNA of the virus X174 is 5,375 coded combinations of 4 different nucleotide formations as indicated below in the circle. Human coding has about three billion nucleotide combinations. This is the simplest virus known, with this much programming. A virus is something which is not complex enough to be alive, as it cannot reproduce, but must reproduce in the cells of a host animal (like you). Look further to our actual DNA illustrated in the graphic below. It is contained within a cell which is too small for you to even see. Yet that DNA has been described as an auditorium filled with double twisted microphone cord and is actually six feet long. It contains more coding than the most complex computer system we have today, and scientists don t yet know what most of it means. OUR DNA CONTAINS MORE INFORMATION THAT THE LARGEST COMPUTERS TO- DAY, IN A CELL SO SMALL YOU CANT SEE IT! In order to reproduce, DNA has to untwist and duplicate itself. For sexual reproduction, the strands must faithfully join each other. This is not the result of accidental chance. You must have a highly intelligent designer to accomplish this. We have scientist today who learn some small part of how this amazing machinery works, and declare they are smart enough to eliminate the need for God. They use the brain and free will God gave them to do this. Fig. by BFB Picture from Carolina.com 13 [3], [4], [6]

CHROMOSOME, DNA, GENE & STEM CELLS At human conception, and egg and sperm each with 23 individual Chromosomes join together.to make a new cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes.

The DNA contains a coding sequence which defines who you are. The earliest cells are stem cells.

As the human body develops, they divide into 200 types of specialty cells (muscle, bone, brain, etc.) No one knows how they decide what to become.

14 CHROMOSOME, DNA, GENE & STEM CELLS At human conception, and egg and sperm each with 23 individual Chromosomes join together.to make a new cell with 23 pairs of chromosomes. Each cell is so small that you can t see one with the naked eye. If you stretch out the DNA in a single cell, it will be over six feet long. The DNA contains a coding sequence which defines who you are. The earliest cells are stem cells. Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide to produce more stem cells. As the human body develops, they divide into 200 types of specialty cells (muscle, bone, brain, etc.) No one knows how they decide what to become. These cells divide repeatedly and faithfully until there are 37.2 trillion cells to make a human body. If the DNA in all your cells was added end to end, it would equal the distance of 70 trips from the Earth to the Sun and back. The figure 1 shows that the cell (which is too small to see), has an even smaller nucleus containing 23 pairs of chromosomes, and that the Chromosomes are carriers of the DNA strands. Figure 2 shows that sections of the DNA in the Chromosomes have subsections identified as Genes. Genes define your characteristics. The human Genome comprises the information in all the DNA in all the Chromosomes in a single human cell. What is impossible about this is to understand how someone would believe this is an accident. Surely a highly intelligent designer designed this complexity. Figure 1 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ chromosome en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gene Figure 2 14 [3], [4], [5], [6]

15 CILIA Asexual reproduction is fantastically complex. Just for starters the DNA in each cell has been compared to a church auditorium full of microphone cords which untangle and divide to reproduce. Then it gets complex. About the only thing which might make asexual reproduction seem simple is bi-sexual reproduction. It involves all the complexity of asexual reproduction, plus the DNA from 2 distinctly different cells (a sperm and an egg) that must get together to form a new person. The new person will be a combination of the characteristics of the two parent cells. The next impossibles associated with this are the several things which must happen to place the male sperm within cm (5.5 ) from the female egg in the fallopian tubes (human size). It is not practical for us to discuss them here. This represents several major creations which had to happen and be fully developed at the same time or the bi-sexual reproduction cannot happen. Impossible as these may seem, they are not the subject of this article. Once the sperm is placed cm (5.5 ) from the egg, it must get to the egg to fertilize it or reproduction doesn t happen. The sperm is just a single cell. In movies on this subject they look like little tadpoles swimming upstream. Again, this is a single cell. No eyes, no nose, no feet, no hands, no radar - just a cell. How does it know where to go and how does it get there? A Googled article says The mechanisms that guide the sperm cells to the oocyte (egg) have not been researched in all their facets. That is code for they don t have a clue. Whatever the guidance system is which makes this happen is not the subject of this article. Notice in the lower left hand corner of this diagram of a cell (supposedly created by lightning striking a primordial brew) the word Cilia identifying some hairs on the cell. That is what this article is about. Cilia are slender, microscopic, hair-like structures or organelles that extend from the surface of nearly all mammalian cells (multiple or single). Cilia are found in the lungs, respiratory tract and middle ear. These cilia have a rhythmic waving or beating motion. They work, for instance, to keep the airways clear of mucus and dirt, allowing us to breathe easily and without irritation. They also help propel sperm to the egg. Fig. from seer. Cancer.gov 15 [3], [4], [6]

As a mechanical engineer, rotary shafts and seals have always been fascinating. In all the impossibles suggested herein, a personal dream has always been to identify a rotary shaft like engineers use.

16 As a mechanical engineer, rotary shafts and seals have always been fascinating. In all the impossibles suggested herein, a personal dream has always been to identify a rotary shaft like engineers use. Such a complex, purposeful design would be a crowning blow to atheistic evolution if it were ever to be found. We have birds that can swivel their heads 360 degrees and likely some more, but they always reach the limits of the rotation. Wouldn t it be nice to see a living device which would turn continuously? We had assumed that this would be impossible to find, because it seemed unlikely that God would have implemented such a structure. It exists!!!! Remember the little graphics of the male sperm swimming like a tadpole to get to the egg to fertilize it? That s not what a swimming sperm cell looks like. It, among other things, has a tail called a Flagellum. The filament in the graphic is the flagellum and is about 20 nanometers in thickness. If it is hard to imagine that size, you would have to lay 423 million of them side by side to be as thick as a sheet of notebook paper. MOTOR BOAT PROPELLER If you remove the filament and hook as seen in the graphic, the remaining rotor will rotate from 6,000 to 17,000 rpm. If you attach the hook and filament it only runs at 200 to 1000 rpm. The engine is powered by proton motive force, i.e. by the flow of proton (hydrogen ions) across the bacterial cell membrane. Apparently the direction of rotation of this high speed motor can be changed almost instantaneously. It is impossible that mindless evolution accidentally invented this microscopic, but unimaginably sophisticated bio-chemical device! Fig. from LadyofHats 16 [3], [4], [6]

The survival of the fittest basis of evolution basically teaches that things evolve to be the most fit. An easy enough concept. Old age seems natural to us. We live a life, get old and die.

17 The survival of the fittest basis of evolution basically teaches that things evolve to be the most fit. An easy enough concept. Old age seems natural to us. We live a life, get old and die. We seldom think about what old age actually is. It is said that every cell in our body is replaced every seven years, so we are functionally never more than seven years old. The theory of evolutionary survival of the fittest should mean that those who can live the longest and become stronger as they go are going to survive better. We observe just the opposite happening. Consider the following things which are characteristic of old age: 1. Our hair is preprogrammed to turn gray or white most of the time. 2. Our ears get bigger. 3. We tend to lose stamina. 4. We become more susceptible to disease and sickness. 5. Our skin becomes thinner and becomes weaker. 6. We lose the capacity to reproduce. 7. We die. Consider that: OLD AGE 1. There is very sophisticated programming associated with getting old. This programming is not required to simply be more fit for survival. 2. As we age we simply become weaker and weaker to the point where we will die due to something, even if it is a minor medical problem. Photo by Димон Рышков 3. All the programming to make old age happen occurs after propagation is complete. It can have no evolutionary impact. The characteristics developed in old age cannot be passed on to those already born. We want to suggest that there are no evolutionary reasons for changing hair color, ears getting bigger, losing stamina, thinner skin, weaker bones, inability to reproduce, or dying. In fact, most of those items make it more difficult to survive (Especially dying!). Each of these things happen characteristically, so it means that they are programmed to happen. It means that they are preprogrammed weaknesses. Literally old age programming is not for the purpose of survival of the fittest. It is for the elimination of the generation. If we were to control evolution ourselves, we would live forever in healthy lives. It takes the larger view of an external designer to see the benefit of preprogrammed weaknesses to allow one generation to pass on to make way for the next generation. This is a larger perspective and purpose than microscopic accidental changes can accomplish. 17 [3],[4]

18 Just imagine that you exist as the first living thing in the olden days, really olden! Take it for granted that lightning struck Carl Sagan s primordial brew and suddenly life was electrocuted into existence. You were suddenly alive and automatically knew how to get food, oxygen, and get rid of wastes. Each one is a spectacular achievement in its own right, but we will just presume them for now. You did not have a chance to evolve them, you were just lucky. Given that you are a one celled virus, bacteria, or the like, you have a zero I.Q. Maybe less than zero. Your next challenge is to reproduce. In the simplest description, a cell decides to reproduce and splits into 2 cells. In actuality, the process is extremely complex. At this point we will consider the most obvious complication. Our DNA is a coded string, inside every cell which is so small it is not visible to the human eye, yet is actually a double helix which is 6 feet long. It has been described as an auditorium full of speaker wire which untangles and duplicates for reproduction. Granted you, as the first cell, would not have to be as complex as human DNA, but on the other hand it couldn t be simple. Furthermore humans existed 6,000 years before they even figured out DNA existed, but an evolutionist must believe that the first zero I.Q. cell not only knew it was there, but knew how to reproduce it. Said more plainly, to believe in evolution, you have to believe the first zero I.Q. cell was smarter than the smartest scientist 100 years ago. And that REPRODUCTION is just on this point. If you look at all the complexities of reproduction, you will learn that the smartest scientists today don t understand them all. In other words, if you believe in evolution, you are declaring that the first zero I.Q. cell was smarter than the smartest scientist today. If it is not, it simply dies and the process is stopped. The thing struck with lightning not only had to become alive, it had to become alive with reproduction capabilities. Doesn t it make more sense that the complex miracle of reproduction was designed by an intelligent designer, not happenstance by a first cell which was electrocuted to life? That intelligent designer is God. It seems less of a miracle that God created everything than to believe that it is just a series of lucky accidents. The DNA graphic shown below is illustrative of DNA splitting and combining in the reproduction process. Mistakes would be more likely to harm than benefit, and evolution depends upon thousands of beneficial mistakes in a row just for one cell to reproduce. Source unknown 18 [3],[4], [6]

19 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION On the last page we discussed the impossibility of reproduction - a spectacular display of design intelligence shown inside a cell when the zero I.Q. cell decides to reproduce itself. The next logical impossible is for two of these cells to meet, merge, create a single DNA helix out of the components of the two parent cells for a child cell. The simplest form of this might be for two cells to be floating in a pond and bump into each other. At that time they must share DNA in some way, which means one DNA must leave its cell and enter the other cell. A serious complication here is that the cell has a wall which keeps the insides in and the outsides out. If you make a hole for the 6 long DNA strand to leave, the insides will likely leak out and it will die. This means that the cells must be smart enough to connect and seal so that the DNA can be safely passed through the walls. After our zero I.Q. cells do this, they have merged and now instead of being two cells, they are basically one larger cell. Not much of a reproduction process. This leads us to the conclusion that sexual reproduction is not just the merging of two cells, but starts as the releasing of two cells by sexual creatures. Functionally, two sexual creatures each made of millions of cells must present single cells to each other which have all the programming to make a separate creature of millions of cells. In mammals the releasing and presenting of the cells involves a number of spectacular events which are much too delicate to discuss in this article. Some fish have a much simpler and less delicate method of mating. Some female fish lay eggs on the seafloor and some male fish come along and deposit sperm on the top of them. As both the female cell (egg) and the male cell (sperm) are heavier than the water they simply sink to the bottom in proximity. Can t get much simpler than that. All this simple process requires is that: 1. The female fish figures out how to make an egg and how to deposit it on the ocean floor, 2. The male fish figures out how to make a sperm and deposit it on the ocean floor where the eggs are before they die, 3. The sperm must know how to safely penetrate the egg, and 4. The sperm and egg must know how to mate their 6 long DNA strands to make a new fish. It cannot be that step 1 happens in a once in a million chance one year and step 2 happens in a once in a million chance a thousand years later. Each of these impossible events must happen in exactly the same generation or nothing happens. That is an impossible coincidence of impossible events. The impossibles of steps 3 and 4 will not happen in that generation; they had to have already happened a long time ago to have a fish in the first place. If that is not convincing enough to you, think about the added impossibilities and impossible coincidences of indelicate mammal reproduction. The secret things belong to the Lord our God; but the things that are revealed belong to us and to our children for ever, that we may do all the words of this law. Genesis 29:29 19 [3],[4], [6]

THE INCREDIBLE EDIBLE EGG! - EGG SHELL The chicken Germinal Disc or Blast disc is fertilized (or not) by a male sperm and then is enclosed within a yellow yolk.

Just before being laid, the eggshell is deposited around the egg in the lower part of the oviduct. The shell is made of calcite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate.

20 THE INCREDIBLE EDIBLE EGG! - EGG SHELL The chicken Germinal Disc or Blast disc is fertilized (or not) by a male sperm and then is enclosed within a yellow yolk. The yolk travels down a long spiraling tube called the Oviduct. As it travels down it is covered with a membrane, structural fibers, and layers of albumin (the egg white). Just before being laid, the eggshell is deposited around the egg in the lower part of the oviduct. The shell is made of calcite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate. The entire trip through the Oviduct takes about 1 day. The shell is a really interesting part of the egg. We all know how strong the egg shell is, and how pretty and uniform they are. Can you imagine how you would go about deciding to make a shell in your own personal birth canal? As an engineer, the construction of the egg shell is particularly intriguing. Using a micrometer to measure 4 egg shells recently, in multiple places, the variation of the thickness around the shell varied less than the thickness of a single piece of Xerox paper, or about Individual eggs (from the same carton) varied in wall thickness from to 0.016, or from You would characterize this thickness variation being between the thickness of 5 and 6 sheets of copy paper. Those who would discount God would say this is the simple result of evolution. Which of them, knowing the desired result, can make an egg without sophisticated mixing and molding equipment? God s chickens do this without even knowing they are doing it. We may not know why the chicken crosses the road, however, we do know that chickens are smarter than evolutionists. With God s help, chickens know how to make an egg. Imagine the trial and error of evolving an egg. If it is too soft it breaks and the chick dies. If it has a hole in it, the chick dies. If it is too hard, the chick can t get out and dies. A half evolved egg does not give the basis for a 3/4s evolved egg, it simply fails. You simply cannot evolve an egg. As stated several times before, it takes a lot of faith to be an atheist. 20 [3], [4], [5],[6]

THE INCREDIBLE EDIBLE EGG! - EGG CHEMISTRY The fertilized chicken egg is a small container containing a yoke and an egg white. A pretty simple mixture in a cool looking shell.

From the reasonably homogenous yolk and egg white a chick will be formed which will have a heart, a brain, feathers, eyes, a beak, feet, and other essential parts.

21 THE INCREDIBLE EDIBLE EGG! - EGG CHEMISTRY The fertilized chicken egg is a small container containing a yoke and an egg white. A pretty simple mixture in a cool looking shell. Over a period of about 21 days after the egg is laid, the filling of the fertilized egg transforms into a chick. From the reasonably homogenous yolk and egg white a chick will be formed which will have a heart, a brain, feathers, eyes, a beak, feet, and other essential parts. All programming information to make this happen was enclosed in the combination of a single male and single female cell. One hundred percent of the raw materials are consumed in the process without the chick eating it. The chick is so well designed that when fully developed, it can peck its way out of the shell. After pecking its way out, it simply walks off. Can you imagine how precisely the chemical mixture within the egg must be. Not enough calcium and there are no bones. Not enough liquid and the chick dies. Too much liquid and the chick drowns. The developing chick is trapped in a porcelain type shell with no chance of getting help from anyone else. You don t get to experiment to evolve a system such as this. It must be done right the first and every time or the chick simply dies. To be an atheist, you must believe that a relatively dumb chicken made a shell in her birth canal and filled it with the perfect set of chemicals to make a chick. It takes a lot of faith to be an atheist. You need a very intelligent designer to do it right the first time. God is that intelligent designer. 21 [3],[4], [5], [6]

THE INCREDIBLE EDIBLE EGG! - POROUS EGG SHELL In 21 days a fertilized egg becomes a chick. All the egg yolk and egg white are consumed to make the chick.

The chick is a living breathing animal, and breathing at least the last few of the 21 days. How does the chick breathe when there is no air?

It has over 7,000 holes (per Scientific American) large enough to pass oxygen in and carbon dioxide out.

If it is not porous enough, the chick suffocates. If it is too porous the liquids seep out of the shell. It must be just right.

22 THE INCREDIBLE EDIBLE EGG! - POROUS EGG SHELL In 21 days a fertilized egg becomes a chick. All the egg yolk and egg white are consumed to make the chick. When the process begins, there is virtually no air in the egg shell. The egg has a hard porcelain type shell which securely contains all the liquids inside. The chick is a living breathing animal, and breathing at least the last few of the 21 days. How does the chick breathe when there is no air? It turns out that the shell is not completely solid, it is porous. It has over 7,000 holes (per Scientific American) large enough to pass oxygen in and carbon dioxide out. It is made of calcite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate. This is not the territory of evolutionary experimentation. If it is not porous enough, the chick suffocates. If it is too porous the liquids seep out of the shell. It must be just right. This generally means that a chicken must conjure up exactly the right chemical mixture for a shell, make glands to produce it, surround the egg liquids with it, cause it to quickly harden within the moist environment inside the chicken, and lay it. Even a small child can appreciate that this is the work of God. Only an over educated genius can be so blind as to not see it. 22 [3], [4], [5], [6]

SPINE - SYNOVIAL JOINTS Spines are an incredibly complex design, providing support and flexibility for the body. The design includes structural vertebra disks separated by intervertebral disks.

The Facet Joints act as a limit to the rotary motion of the Spine and your back. The detail we are pointing out is between the Facet Joints portions.

23 SPINE - SYNOVIAL JOINTS Spines are an incredibly complex design, providing support and flexibility for the body. The design includes structural vertebra disks separated by intervertebral disks. Housed within this structure is the Spinal Cord, or the communication path to and from the brain to the body. Incredible as the Spinal Column is, this impossible is about a small detail. The Facet Joints act as a limit to the rotary motion of the Spine and your back. The detail we are pointing out is between the Facet Joints portions. Notice in the photograph of the model of a Spline, between the Facet Joints is a white area. This is a Synovial Joint. It doesn t even show up in graphics like the one to the right. The Synovial Joints mean each joint is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue and produces a fluid to nourish and lubricate the joint. The joint surfaces are coated with cartilage allowing joints to move or glide smoothly (articulate) against each other. The Synovial Joint is not needed until all the other complexity of the Spine is already in place. If you were to consider evolving one, you would need to presume that the Spine was already evolved and in operation. At that point you would need to rub half of the evolved Facet Joint on the other half and cause a wearing problem, and recognize it as a problem. At that point you don t simply make the Facet Joint faces harder, you invent something completely new to keep them separated. Then you have to add it to every vertebra, not just one. You can back that logic up to why did the faces exist to limit the back s rotation in the first place. Did evolution come up with those when our ancestor s backs were being twisted too much? At least they were a reuse of the already existing bone material. Surely it is more reasonable that this is the work of a highly intelligent designer than blind luck evolution. This would be impossible for unguided evolution to achieve. 23 SYNOVIAL JOINT Fig. from orthoinfo.aaos.org Photo by BFB [3],[4], [6]

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM As soon as enough cells decided to get together to be a multilayer group, something had to be done to keep the ones in the middle alive.

24 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM As soon as enough cells decided to get together to be a multilayer group, something had to be done to keep the ones in the middle alive. Taking in oxygen, exhausting carbon dioxide, taking in fuel, getting rid of fuel wastes are basic cell functions which must happen for life as we know it to survive. Without these supplies and waste disposal means the cell dies. This is done by a circulatory system as is shown in the diagram. In a human, as shown, the circulatory system picks up oxygen from the lungs, picks up food from the stomach and intestines, gets rid of the carbon dioxide back in the lungs, and gets rid of the food waste products in the kidneys and lower intestines. When the cell structures came together and became voluminous enough to need all of these service functions to happen, it did not have a million years to evolve the system. It all had to have it right now or the cells died. The attached figure shows blood vessels and veins in a reasonably simplistic form. In actuality the arteries divide into arterioles which divide into capillaries which join into venules which join into veins. It is difficult to determine how many cells there are between capillaries, but the human body has 10 billion capillaries, so there must be very few. There are only 27.2 trillion cells. Then all this is of no effect unless there is a reliable pump to circulate the delivery fluid (blood). Truly an intelligent designer planned and programmed this highly complex system. Fig. from cnx.org 24 [3],[4], [6]

Some very slow moving things such as plants can accomplish circulation by osmosis. That is a complex process to be discussed at another time. 2.

25 We all have a heart, and pretty much take it for granted until we have a heart attack. HEART All living things complex enough to have multi -layer cells must have a circulation system to take nutrients to cells and remove wastes. 1. Some very slow moving things such as plants can accomplish circulation by osmosis. That is a complex process to be discussed at another time. 2. Sponges depend upon a continuous circulation of sea water through porous areas. 3. Nematodes have an open circulation system where fluids simply flow through them in a single pass. Fig. from commons.wikimedia.org Most living things with closed circulation systems must have a heart. A heart is component of a circulatory system which moves blood around the body to delivery oxygen and food to cells, and to remove wastes from the cells. Without the delivery of food and oxygen and the removal of wastes, the cells simply die. Your heart moves blood by relaxing to allow itself to be filled up through a first check valve by blood pressure on an inlet side. It then squeezes itself to force the blood out of another check valve into arteries. Your heart has 2 IF YOUR HEART QUIT AT 1 MILLION CYCLES, YOU WOULD DIE WHEN YOU WERE 9.6 DAYS OLD! sides. The right side takes blood from the veins and sends it to the lungs. The left side takes the oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it back out to the body. When a mechanical or electrical device is manufactured, a million cycle test is considered to be a long life endurance test. Many cycle tests are far shorter than that. At a heart rate of 72 beats per minute for a life span of 80 years, a heart beats slightly more than 3 billion times, or 3000 times more times than a long human design cycle test. If your heart stopped at one million cycles, you would die when you were 9.6 days old. That s not much time to evolve. A heart isn t needed until you have a multicell being with interior cells needing this circulation. Suddenly it must have this means or it dies. It does not have a million years to evolve a heart, it must have it right now. Oddly enough, a heart itself is a multicelled organ which needs the same circulatory characteristics of a heart to keep itself alive. A heart cannot live for a million years while it evolves itself. It is a double bind problem. A heart cannot exist until it has the capability of doing what a heart does. Surely it took an intelligent designer to make a heart. 25 [3],[4], [6]

RED BLOOD CELLS On the previous page we discussed the blood circulatory system as something impossible to evolve, but simply having a critical circulatory system is not sufficient: Consider the red

Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin that gives blood its red hue. Hemoglobin contains iron, which makes it an excellent vehicle for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The empty hemoglobin molecules then bond with the tissue s carbon dioxide or other waste gasses to transport them away. Over time, red blood cells get worn out and eventually die.

26 RED BLOOD CELLS On the previous page we discussed the blood circulatory system as something impossible to evolve, but simply having a critical circulatory system is not sufficient: Consider the red blood cells: Red blood cells are the key to life. They are constantly traveling through your body, delivering oxygen and removing waste. If they didn t do their job, you would slowly die. Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin that gives blood its red hue. Hemoglobin contains iron, which makes it an excellent vehicle for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. As blood passes through the lungs, oxygen molecules attach to the hemoglobin. When the blood passes through the body s tissue, the hemoglobin releases oxygen to the cells. The empty hemoglobin molecules then bond with the tissue s carbon dioxide or other waste gasses to transport them away. Over time, red blood cells get worn out and eventually die. The average life cycle of a red blood cell is only 120 days. But don t worry! Your bones are continually producing new blood cells From: As indicated in the graphic below the situation in capillary tubes is at one point in the lungs red blood cells must interact to receive oxygen and give carbon dioxide. At another point in muscles they must interact the opposite to give oxygen and receive carbon dioxide and wastes. Then while in the stomach system the red blood cells must receive nutrients from the stomach and intestines, and give oxygen. Then they must give wastes to the kidney, while giving it oxygen and nutrients. All this happens in capillaries which are only one red blood cell in diameter. The zero I.Q. circulatory system doesn t get a million years to evolve these systems. If they don t do it from the start, they die. Truly it took an intelligent designer to figure this out from scratch. Today we think we are really smart to determine what our circulatory system is doing. That intelligent designer is God. Fig. from Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions web site 26 [3],[4], [6]

27 White blood cells are an important component of your blood system, which is also made up of red blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Although your white blood cells account for only about 1% of your blood, their impact is significant. White blood cells, also called leukocytes, are essential for good health and protection against illness and disease. Think of white blood cells as your immunity cells. In a sense, they are continually at war. They flow through your bloodstream to battle viruses, bacteria, and other foreign invaders that threaten your health. When your body is in distress and a particular area is under attack, white blood cells rush in to help destroy the harmful substance and prevent illness. White blood cells are made inside the bone marrow and stored in your blood and lymphatic tissues. Because some white blood cells have a short lifespan of one to three days, your bone marrow is constantly making them. These broadest categories can be further divided into the five main types: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. The previous is from the University of Rochester Medical Center Health Encyclopedia (online) White blood cells had no reason to exist until beings existed which were complex enough to have a closed circu- WHITE BLOOD CELLS lation system, and they were attacked by some virus type cell which would harm it. When the being was attacked, it did not have a million years to develop a white blood cell type warrior to defend itself. It either had to develop it immediately or already have to have it due to the foresight of a designer. To complicate this further it there are 5 types of white blood cells to fight off 5 different types of attackers. This means that the impossible for evolution situation not only existed, but it existed 5 times with respect to white blood cells alone. One has to wonder how you write impossible to the fifth power. Clearly white blood cells are impossible for evolution and are an indication of a designer, and that designer is God. Fig. by Blausen.com.staff (2014) 27 [3],[4], [6]

PLATELETS Platelets or thrombocytes are the smallest cells in the blood. They are fewer in number than red blood cells but greater in number than white blood cells.

28 PLATELETS Platelets or thrombocytes are the smallest cells in the blood. They are fewer in number than red blood cells but greater in number than white blood cells. Normally, there are approximately 300,000 platelets in every cubic inch of human blood. Platelets are made in the red marrow of bone and lymph nodes and live for five to 10 days. Platelets are the maintenance workers of the blood. When thrombocytes touch the rough surface of a torn blood vessel, they stick to it and each other. Platelets release factors that form a thread-like substance (fibrin) which forms a clot. The clot hardens into a scab, which covers the breakage until the vessel heals. Then the clot breaks off and dissolves in the blood. Clotting is very important because without it, blood would continue to flow from the vessel like a leaky hose! Some people are missing some of the factors that produce the clot. They are known as hemophiliacs. When they get cut, they may not be able to stop bleeding. When someone does not have enough platelets, this is know as thrombocytopenia. This can cause a person to bleed excessively after an injury or surgery, because there aren t enough cells to do the job. When someone has too many platelets, this is know as thrombocytosis. It is often a temporary reaction to major trauma (like surgery), and will go away on its own. A small percentage of people with thrombocytosis may make unnecessary clots, which can be very dangerous if they block important blood vessels. If they block heart vessels, the can cause a heart attack. The preceding quotations are parts taken from an internet article from the University of Wisconsin. In the graphic, the small purple cells are platelets. They are smaller than the red blood cells shown around them. What we have are very small cells which float around in your blood stream without sticking to each other, but when a cut occurs they know to stick together, stick to the wound, and secrete a threadlike fibrin substance (Which it had to invent?) to make a clot which is not dissolved in the blood. Then when the cut is healed, on an internal injury it dissolves in the blood. On an external injury it knows when to peel off. There is a proper density of platelets in your blood. If there are too few (and none would certainly be too few), you bleed to death. If there are too many, it causes internal blood clots which can kill you. No individual platelet could know or affect the density in your blood stream. Something someplace must detect the density and instruct the red bone marrow and/or lymph nodes to make more or less. We apparently don t know how this happens, but evolutionists believe it could happen by accident. Fig. by Blausen.com.staff (2014) When enough cells got together to make a circulatory system, if it started to bleed without this capability, it simply bled to death. It did not have a million years to develop this capability by accident even, if it was possible. When the need for it arose, it simply died rather than evolving. It is impossible to evolve something when you have only one chance to invent it. Only God could invent it before the need. 28 [3],[4], [6]

29 Coagulation is the process by which blood forms clots. It is an important part of hemostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, wherein a damaged blood vessel wall is covered by a platelet and fibrin-containing clot to stop bleeding and begin repair of the damaged vessel. Disorders of coagulation can lead to an increased risk of bleeding (hemorrhage) or obstructive clotting (thrombosis) Coagulation is highly conserved throughout biology; in all mammals, coagulation involves both a cellular (platelet) and a protein (coagulation factor) component. ] The system in humans has been the most extensively researched and is the best understood. Coagulation begins almost instantly after an injury to the blood vessel has damaged the endothelium lining the vessel. Exposure of the blood to proteins such as tissue factor initiates changes to blood platelets and the plasma protein fibrinogen, a clotting factor. Platelets immediately form a plug at the site of injury; this is called primary hemostasis. Secondary hemostasis occurs simultaneously: Proteins in the blood plasma, called coagulation factors or clotting factors, respond in a complex cascade to form fibrin strands, which strengthen the platelet plug. The foregoing was a direct copy from Wikipedia. It is not particularly important that you attempt to understand all the science. You need to know that if you bleed, there are 12 steps the body goes thru to stop the bleeding, or in causing coagulation. If you cut yourself and you don t stop bleeding you die. This is what a hemophiliac does, when scratched they do not coagulate and unless very cautious they die. If you are a glutton for punishment, read the Wikipedia article for more information. There is a lot of information there. The following schematic (from the article) COAGULATION 29 is more detailed. It depicts what happens, or more to the point, it graphically show how complex it is. Now imagine that evolution has evolved you to the point of having a necessary blood circulation system. You have never bled, so there is no reason you would have developed the process of coagulation. The first time a thing with a blood system gets scratched - it dies. It does not live to try again - it simply dies. It is a sudden death sort of thing. No chance for generations of evolutionary improvement after it recognizes the need for coagulation. When it bleeds - it dies. Add to that the supposition that it does survive for generations recognizing the need for coagulation - what does that do for it. Our scientists are doing good to explain it, much less create it. If they figure out how to create it, I know a hemophiliac who would like to know how. Clearly this is a proof of God to anyone who will reasonably look at the facts. Fig. by Dr. Graham Beards [3], [4], [5]. [6]

SALIVA: Contains the enzyme amylase which is capable of breaking down starch into simpler sugars such as maltose and dextrin that can be further broken down in the small intestine. 3.

30 : DIGESTIVE SYSTEM [13] Our digestive system is another major player in our lives we take for granted. It requires at least the following 13 created subsystems to work. 1. LIPS: Act as a valve to let food in and the close to keep it from leaking out while we eat it. 2. SALIVA: Contains the enzyme amylase which is capable of breaking down starch into simpler sugars such as maltose and dextrin that can be further broken down in the small intestine. 3. TONGUE: Vital for chewing and swallowing food. 4. UPPER SPHINCTER: Directing valve which opens into the esophagus or trachea (lungs). 9. SMALL INTESTINE: Helps digest food and absorbs nutrients into the body. It receives gastric chyme from the stomach, together with digestive juices from the pancreas (digestive enzymes) and the liver (bile). The digestive enzymes break down proteins and bile and emulsify fats into micelles. The duodenum contains Brunner's glands, which produce a mucus-rich alkaline secretion containing bicarbonate. These secretions, in combination with bicarbonate from the pancreas, neutralize the stomach acids contained in gastric chyme. 10. LARGE INTESTINE: Stores waste matter until disposal. 11. ANUS: Valve to control waste disposal. We say at least as there are other subsystems which support your digestion, such as bile from the gall bladder and the liver [12] and enzymes from the pancreas [13]. As amazing and complex as our digestive system, it is generally the same design God used on many species. Compare the dog to the man. 5. ESOPHAGUS: Muscular tube to deliver food from the mouth to the stomach. Fig. by BruceBlas 6. LOWER SPHINCTER: Valve to allow food into the stomach and prevent stomach acids from entering the throat. 7. STOMACH: Secretes acid and enzymes that digest food 8. PYLORIC SPHINCTER: A valve to pass food to the small intestine. Fig. from dog nutri onnaturally.com 30 [3], [4], [5], [6]

31 SALIVA Saliva is a watery substance formed in the mouths of animals, secreted by the salivary glands. Human saliva comprises 99.5% water, plus electrolytes, mucus, white blood cells, epithelial cells (which can be used to extract DNA), glycoproteins, enzymes (such as amylase and lipase), antimicrobial agents such as secretory IgA and lysozyme. Our Salivary Glands produce about a quart of Saliva per day. The enzymes found in saliva are essential in beginning the process of digestion of dietary starches and fats. These enzymes also play a role in breaking down food particles entrapped within dental crevices, thus protecting teeth from bacterial decay. Furthermore, saliva serves a lubricative function, wetting food and permitting the initiation of swallowing, and protecting the mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity from desiccation. Various animal species have special uses for saliva that go beyond predigestion. Some swifts use their gummy saliva to build nests. Cobras, vipers, and certain other members of the venom clade hunt with venomous saliva injected by fangs. Some caterpillars, produce silk fiber from salivary glands. (Preceding from Wikipedia) As you will notice in the graphic, Salivary Glands are not some accidental occurrence. The are well planned out and positioned to do specific functions. Evolution would have you to believe that when something realized it had a dry mouth a million years later it came up with this system. The accident was good enough that it produced an enzyme which was good at digesting food also. Your mouth, lips, teeth, tongue, and saliva are the starting participants in the complex digestive process. Literally food is crushed by your teeth and mixed with the chemical saliva liquid to start digestion. Truly an intelligently designed system within a large intelligently designed system. Fig. by Blausen.com.staff 31 [3],[4], [6]

32 Our stomach is a particularly interesting part of our digestive system. Food is transient in it for a time before it passes into the intestines. Basically the stomach is a structure which has chemicals, specifically hydrochloric acid, which could dissolve the stomach itself. To make this happen to assist in the digestive process, the stomach must (1) figure out how to make an acid which will kill itself, (2) introduce the acid into the stomach in some way, (3) protect itself through maintaining a mucous coating on the inside of the stomach, and (4) produce stomach cells faster than it is losing them to digestion. Hydrochloric acid forms in the stomach when hydrogen and chloride combine. Hydrochloric acid's low ph of about two means that it can dissolve metal, so the stomach needs protection from the harsh acid. The stomach is coated with mucus, enabling food to be broken down by the acid without damaging the stomach lining. This HCl helps in breaking down the food into smaller particles that helps in digestion that occurs in the intestines. So, if a person doesn't take food for a longer time then excess acid starts to erode away the gastric mucosa (so called protective layer of stomach containing mucus) leading to ulcer formation. A typical adult human stomach will secrete about 1.5 liters of gastric acid daily. Gastric acid secretion happens in several steps. Chloride and hydrogen ions are secreted separately from the cytoplasm of parietal cells and mixed in the canaliculi. Gastric acid is then secreted into the lumen of the gastric gland and gradually reaches the main stomach lumen. The exact manner in which the secreted acid reaches the THE STOMACH stomach lumen is controversial, as acid must first cross the relatively ph neutral gastric mucus layer. (Quotes are from Wikipedia) When a stomach magically invents a way to produce hydrochloric acid, it does not get a million years to experiment with how to handle it. If it does not handle it right now, it dies. Imagine how long you would live with a big hole in your stomach secreting hydrochloric acid and undigested food into your abdomen. Turns out other inventions were made to solve this problem at the same time. Other cells in the stomach produce bicarbonate, a base, to buffer the fluid, ensuring that it does not become too acidic. These cells also produce mucus, which forms a viscous physical barrier to prevent gastric acid from damaging the stomach. Cells in the beginning of the small intestine, or duodenum, further produce large amounts of bicarbonate to completely neutralize any gastric acid that passes further down into the digestive tract. That is four inventions at the same time: gastric glands, bicarbonate glands, mucus glands, and more bicarbonate glands in the small intestine or you die. Even if you could invent one by accident, you couldn t invent four at the same time. 32 [3],[4], [6]

LIVER, GALL BLADDER, AND BILE The liver is a vital organ of vertebrates and some other animals. In humans, it is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm.

33 LIVER, GALL BLADDER, AND BILE The liver is a vital organ of vertebrates and some other animals. In humans, it is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm. The liver has a wide range of functions, including detoxification of various metabolites, protein synthesis, and the production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. It also plays a role in metabolism, regulation of glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells and hormone production. The liver is a gland. It is an accessory digestive gland and produces bile, an alkaline compound which aids in digestion via the emulsification of lipids. The gallbladder, a small pouch that sits just under the liver, stores bile produced by the liver. [4] The liver's highly specialized tissue consisting of mostly hepatocytes regulates a wide variety of high-volume biochemical reactions, including the synthesis and breakdown of small and complex molecules, many of which are necessary for normal vital functions. Estimates regarding the organ's total number of functions vary, but textbooks generally cite it being around 500. The only one of present concern is the production of Bile. About 400 to 800 ml of bile is produced per day in adult humans. In vertebrates the gallbladder is a small organ where Bile (a fluid produced by the liver) is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine Bile or gall is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. Ties van Brussel/ esworks.nl In humans, bile is produced continuously by the liver (liver bile), and stored and concentrated in the gallbladder (gallbladder bile). After eating, this stored bile is discharged into the duodenum. The composition of gallbladder bile is 97% water, 0.7% bile salts, 0.2% bilirubin, 0.51% fats (cholesterol, fatty acids and lecithin), and 200 meq/l inorganic salts. (From Wikipedia) The question of present concern is how does a small intestine determine the need for a chemical (Bile), get a Liver to make up the chemical compound, and get a storage chamber (Gall Bladder) constructed to store and condense it, and then get it delivered to the small intestine in a timely fashion. If Bile is necessary for digestion, the living thing can t live a million years waiting on it. Wouldn t it be more reasonable to see this as a an intelligently designed Bile production system, which is part of a larger intelligently designed digestive system, which is a part of a larger intelligently designed living system - you. 33 [3],[4], [6]

APPENDIX With the Appendix s reputation for being vestigial (having lost all function thru evolution), it is a surprising item on the list of impossibles for evolution.

lymphoid tissue carries out a number of important functions, explanations were lacking for the distinctive shape of the appendix and its apparent lack of specific importance and function as judged by

34 APPENDIX With the Appendix s reputation for being vestigial (having lost all function thru evolution), it is a surprising item on the list of impossibles for evolution. The following is copied from Wikipedia: Maintaining gut flora Although it has been long accepted that the immune tissue surrounding the appendix and elsewhere in the gut called gut associated lymphoid tissue carries out a number of important functions, explanations were lacking for the distinctive shape of the appendix and its apparent lack of specific importance and function as judged by an absence of side effects following its removal. Therefore, the notion that the appendix is only vestigial became widely held. William Parker, Randy Bollinger, and colleagues at Duke University proposed in 2007 that the appendix serves as a haven for useful bacteria when illness flushes those bacteria from the rest of the intestines. This proposal is based on an understanding that emerged by the early 2000s of how the immune system supports the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria, in combination with many well-known features of the appendix, including its architecture, its location just below the normal one-way flow of food and germs in the large intestine, and its association with copious amounts of immune tissue. Research performed at Winthrop University Hospital showed that individuals without an appendix were four times more likely to have a recurrence of Clostridium difficile colitis. The appendix, therefore, may act as a safe house for good bacteria. This reservoir of bacteria could then serve to repopulate the gut flora in the digestive system following a bout of dysentery or cholera, or boost it following a milder gastrointestinal illness. Immune and lymphatic system The appendix has been identified as an important component of mammalian mucosal immune function, particularly B cell mediated immune responses and extrathymically derived T cells. This structure helps in the proper movement and removal of waste matter in the digestive system, contains lymphatic vessels that regulate pathogens, and lastly, might even produce early defenses that prevent deadly diseases. Additionally, it is thought that this may provide more immune defenses from invading pathogens and getting the lymphatic system's B and T cells to fight the viruses and bacteria that infect that portion of the bowel and training them, so that immune responses are targeted and more able to reliably and less dangerously fight off pathogens. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/appendix The graphic shows how the appendix can be a safe storage of the flora or variety of bacteria necessary for digestion after diarrhea, or the more contemporary endoscopy procedures when your gut is intentionally cleaned for inspection. Surely another intelligently designed system, within a system, within a system. We might suggest the change in definition of vestigial from having lost all function through evolution to we haven t figured it out yet. 34 [3],[4], [6]

VISION [16] Fig. by BFB The graphic above shows 9 separate and distinct inventions which had to be made to see. Each deserves special discussion as a specific proof of God.

35 VISION [16] Fig. by BFB The graphic above shows 9 separate and distinct inventions which had to be made to see. Each deserves special discussion as a specific proof of God. A simple one is the optic nerve which connects the eyeball to the brain. It must faithfully transmit the electrical signals from the eyeball to the brain, without shorting out and losing the signal. As all tissue is at least somewhat electrically conductive, it must not only develop a quality conduction system, but also an insulating system to keep it from shorting out. The following are a few other inventions which must be made at the same time for this to work: (10) Develop an Iris to control the diameter of the light inlet to the eye to control the amount of light received. (11) A system to clean the Vitreous Humor or clear liquid in the eye. When an eye is hit and it becomes bloody, it is automatically cleaned. (12) Develop color vision, in addition to seeing an image color information is communicated and translated. (13) Develop and control muscles to swivel the eyeballs, and know when they are swiveled enough (14) Stereoscopic or 3D vision requires special coordination of eye movement and integration of the images received by each eye. (15) Depth perception requires special interpretation of both eyes also. (16) Control system to store and release tears That makes 16 impossibles which must occur simply to have our vision. And we don t actually know how it works now. Is it reasonable to believe this is an accident of evolution? Certainly not. This is a clear proof of God. 35 [3],[4], [6]

Hold your arms out only slightly bent and point one index finger at the other about a foot apart. Close one eye and then move your fingers towards each other to touch.

Most people will easily touch their fingers together. What is there about having two eyes open that makes it easy to touch your fingers together?

36 Hold your arms out only slightly bent and point one index finger at the other about a foot apart. Close one eye and then move your fingers towards each other to touch. The average person s fingers will miss each other about a half an inch. Now, move your fingers back apart, open both eyes and move them forward to touch. Most people will easily touch their fingers together. What is there about having two eyes open that makes it easy to touch your fingers together? When you have one eye open your eye can determine direction and if you know how large your finger is, you can get a rough estimation of distance. It is good enough that given your fingers are the same size, you can bring them within about 1/2 of each other. When you have two eyes open it appears your eyes can triangulate on your finger and do a resulting calculation as to distance. It does the same on both fingers at the same time. After the calculation of distance, your brain sends a signal to your arms to properly position your fingers at the same distance so they will contact. It isn t just humans with this capability. Obviously a lot of other animals can judge distance. STEREOSCOPIC VISION! If you believe in evolution, first you must obviously believe that the spectacular design of eyes was a chance happening. Then you had to get two eyes, which is not much of a challenge after you already have your first eye. Then you have to figure out how to get both eyes looking at the same thing. If your eyes both look toward your nose you are cross eyed. If they look off in odd directions, you are walleyed. Can you imagine the confusion when you magically got two eyes, but they were looking at different things in a walleyed fashion? Just think of how awkward you would be if you had different eyes looking in different directions. If you believed evolution was doing this, then your survival of the fittest would get this confused animal eaten quickly. Presuming that two eyes survived, it must recognize the need for both eyes to look at the same thing and develop a coordination to do this. After each of these spectacular steps are taken, two eyes must conceive that if it can judge the angle between its eyes when looking at the object (your finger) it can estimate the distance. It doesn t do any good if he conceives the need and dies, in one generation. He must conceive of it, implement it, and change his DNA to pass this new capability on to his offspring. Source unknown 36 [3],[4], [6]

We normally consider hearing not nearly as complex as seeing, but it is very complicated in itself.

Sound is funneled into the ear by the outer ear, going down the outer ear canal and hitting the ear drum. The graphic shows the complex design of the ear drum.

HEARING [5] Tiny hairs that line the Cochlea change the vibrations in the fluid into nerve impulses (electric signals) which are transmitted to the brain along the auditory nerve.

37 We normally consider hearing not nearly as complex as seeing, but it is very complicated in itself. The discussion of the ear and hearing involve direct hearing thru the ear, indirect hearing thru the bones and outer ear, and balance. Sound is funneled into the ear by the outer ear, going down the outer ear canal and hitting the ear drum. The graphic shows the complex design of the ear drum. Sound waves hit the drum and cause it to vibrate. The vibrations pass through the hammer, anvil, and stirrup into the Cochlea. HEARING [5] Tiny hairs that line the Cochlea change the vibrations in the fluid into nerve impulses (electric signals) which are transmitted to the brain along the auditory nerve. The brain interprets the electrical impulses as not only sound, but also the direction of the sound. Beyond the obvious complexity of developing all the physical components of the ear system, some zero I.Q. cell decided to convert mechanical vibrations into electrical signals. Then the brain figured out how to decode the electric signals into information which would be understood by the person to be a sound. Hearing involves the impossibles of: 1. Developing an ear drum to measure sound waves, 2. Developing a hammer, anvil, and stirrup bone structure to transfer the vibrations into the Cochlea, 3. Developing hairs in the Cochlea to change the motion into electric signals, 4. Developing nerves to transmit the electric signals to the brain, 5. Developing a brain function to interpret the electric signals as a sound. This cannot be the result of a chance mutation of some DNA encoding. This is an intentional design of an intelligent designer. 37 [3],[4], [6]

A miraculous ability of the ear is in how you keep your balance. The brain constantly monitors positions and the movement of your head and body so you are able to keep your balance.

Each canal is at right angles to the other two, so whichever way you move your head, nod it (A), shake it (B), or tilt it (C) one or more of the semicircular canals detects the movement, and

The brain coordinates this data with more information from your eyes, and from the muscles of your body and limbs, to assess your exact position and the movements you need to make to keep

What do you do, say I think I will invent balance?

38 A miraculous ability of the ear is in how you keep your balance. The brain constantly monitors positions and the movement of your head and body so you are able to keep your balance. In each ear is a structure called the labyrinth, which monitors the positions and movements of the head by means of three semicircular canals. Each canal is at right angles to the other two, so whichever way you move your head, nod it (A), shake it (B), or tilt it (C) one or more of the semicircular canals detects the movement, and relays the information to the brain. The brain coordinates this data with more information from your eyes, and from the muscles of your body and limbs, to assess your exact position and the movements you need to make to keep your balance. The need for balance is intuitively obvious, after you have it. Imagine you are a four legged animal which decides to stand up on two legs. What do you do, say I think I will invent balance? BALANCE [4] It represents at least four Impossibles: three semicircular canals or ducts which contain liquid in three planes, hairs within the canals or ducts to measure movement and rotation in three planes and convert it to an electric signal, a nerve to communicate the electrical signal information to the brain, and a brain function to decode the signals to know what the information is to control balance. You don t know the need for balance exists so you have no idea, much less a mechanism, to make it happen. It takes God to do it. Fig. by Blausen.com.staff 38 [3],[4], [6]

Being a type 2 diabetic, neuropathy is one of the frequent consequences. One type of neuropathy reduces the feeling in your extremities, especially your feet and hands.

39 On the page on balance, we discussed that balance is maintained by 3 semi-circular canals in your inner ears. Although this is spectacular and clearly impossible for evolution to develop, it doesn t actually tell the whole story. As usual, with any explanation of God s creation, simplification is necessary. Being a type 2 diabetic, neuropathy is one of the frequent consequences. One type of neuropathy reduces the feeling in your extremities, especially your feet and hands. The feeling is sort of like your feet having that tingly asleep feeling all the time. At least in the early stages there is no real impact of this as long as you have your eyes open. This is called peripheral sensory neuropathy However, when you close your eyes, something strange happens. You lose a degree of stability. Normally with your eyes closed, you simply stand there. With neuropathy, you weave forward and backward slightly. When you open your eyes, it stops. What this means is that both your eyes and the bottoms of your feet have a role in balance not just your incredible inner ear. The incredible real time computer that is your brain, receives electronic signals from each of your ears, each of your eyes, and the bottoms of each of your feet. All of these inputs are processed so quickly that you stand so stably that you feel no movement. NEUROPATHY BALANCE [4] It is impossible for evolution to have developed balance by any one of these 3 methods, much less to develop and orchestrate them all together. This impossibility is the combination of the three individual impossibles as is identified by the defect which is neuropathy Neuropathy itself is something evolution can do. As it is a misfiring of God s creations it may well be something evolution has devolved. Considering this capability alone, it requires the impossibles of developing touch or pressure on the bottoms of your feet, converting this to an electrical signal, a nerve to get it to your brain, and a brain which can be even more complicated to interpret this data. It is interesting how many of God s astounding capabilities we simply take for granted and in some cases are not even aware of, until something goes wrong. Surely all things work together for those that love the Lord. Photo by nistemcell.com 39 [3],[4], [6], [7]

40 TOUCH Touch is another sense we take for granted. If you no longer had the sense of touch or feeling you would no longer take it for granted. We might disagree with God on how much pain touch can give us, but clearly the wisdom of God can be seen in the sense of touch. People without touch can put their hand in a fire and not feel any pain, so their hand will be destroyed. If you bite a slice of pizza hot enough to blister your mouth, the pain will tell you to stop. If you weren t warned to stop, you could blister your whole mouth. The graphic shows that specialized nerves under the surface of the skin transmit the sensation of touch. Several sets of nerves, embedded at different levels, are associated with various modes of touch. Receptors near the surface, for example, detect slight pressure and moderate temperature changes, while deeper nerves sense vibration. Impulses (electrical) from these receptors travel to the brain along the branching pathways of the nervous system. Temperature sensing cells, vibration sensing cells, and pressure sensing cells must generate small electric signals in response to external stimuli without knowing a reason why. Nerve cells must send the signals to the brain in an orderly fashion without knowing a reason why. The brain cells must interpret the signals as pressure, heat, or vibration and notify the person that heat, vibration, or pressure has been sensed. No one (except God of course) knows how the brain does this!!!! After spending millions of your research dollars to try to figure out what God had done, scientists have no idea how it happens, but many still tell you that there is no God! Fig. by medicinenet.inc It is the glory of God to conceal things, but the glory of kings is to search things out. Proverbs 25:2 40 [3],[4], [6]

Decomposition of food and other matter is an important aspect in the regeneration of life, however, food which has started the decomposition process may make us sick.

41 TASTE [6] Taste makes many foods we eat pleasurable, but it has an important role in protecting our health. In addition to learning what is poisonous to our systems (but not necessarily to other species), taste will tell us when food goes bad. Decomposition of food and other matter is an important aspect in the regeneration of life, however, food which has started the decomposition process may make us sick. The taste of food is a warning signal that food may not be fit for us to eat. Taste works by food being partially dissolved by chemicals in saliva and then seeping into our taste buds. Taste buds are specialized cells on the upper surface of the tongue below tiny openings. Deep within each bud are hair-like receptors designed to detect a certain taste. Sweet buds lie at the tip of the tongue, salty in the front, bitter at the back, and sour along the edges. All flavors are derived from these four basic tastes. Sweet, sour, salty, and bitter taste bud cells must generate small electric signals in response to external stimuli without knowing a reason why. Nerve cells must send the signals in an orderly fashion to the brain without knowing a reason why. The brain cells must interpret the combination of signals as taste and notify the person that a taste has been sensed. This is a form of blind complexation where cells must take on more complex functions which are beneficial to the whole body, but would have no idea as to why they were doing it or what good it did for the body. As seen in table 12, the information rate is much lower than in the other basic senses, but it still communicates a lot of information. At a minimum, taste involves the development of cells which convert the chemical compounds associated with taste of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter to an electrical signal, the development of a nerve which faithfully transmits the information to the brain, and a brain function which will convert the information into knowing what something tastes like. No one (except God of course) knows how the brain does this! It would be impossible for this to occur without an intelligent external designer! Fig. by cnx.org 41 [3],[4], [6]

SMELL [3] Smell, or olfaction is the detection and identification by sensor organs of airborne chemicals. Humans have a nasal cavity. No invertebrate has a nasal cavity.

42 SMELL [3] Smell, or olfaction is the detection and identification by sensor organs of airborne chemicals. Humans have a nasal cavity. No invertebrate has a nasal cavity. Many have receptors in various parts of their bodies. Along the upper part of the human nasal cavity lie millions of specialized cells that are tipped with hair like olfactory receptors. When certain molecules from the air enter the nose, they hook an electrical signal, a nerve to communicate the electrical signal to the brain, and a brain function to interpret the data. That designer is God! Source unknown up with specific receptors, stimulating olfactory nerves to transmit signals to the olfactory bulbs, which in turn forward the information to the brain for interpretation. The olfactory cell s converts the airborne chemical into an electric signal. Then brain interprets that signal into a recognition of what the airborne chemical is. Then your brain becomes aware of it. These are individually impossible for cells to chose to do for themselves, At a minimum, smell involves the impossibles of developing a cell to detect smell and convert it to 42 Who else has held the oceans in his hand? Who has measured off the heavens with his fingers? Who else knows the weight of the earth or has weighed the mountains and hills on a scale. (Isaiah 40:12 NLT) [3], [4], [5], [6]

The term impossible for evolution declares that even if all of God s materials are here, evolution cannot create it. More specifically evolution has no mechanism to create it.

43 The term impossible for evolution declares that even if all of God s materials are here, evolution cannot create it. More specifically evolution has no mechanism to create it. It is sort of like an invention. Most of us have few original ideas, and even fewer of us actually get patents for them. A test the patent office uses to determine if a new idea is patentable is whether it is obvious. Given that we know all about chairs, would it be obvious to put curved boards on the bottom to make a rocking chair or would a rocking chair have been a new invention? It is hard for all of us, as well as patent examiners, to say if we had a chair but had never seen a rocking chair, if would be obvious to make a rocking chair. Memory seems obvious to us. Humans, animals, and most other living things have some sort of a memory. The question is if you had no memory, would you determine how to develop memory? This is given that you are a smart person, and not just some primordial blob. First, let s discuss what memory is, beyond the obvious. Memory says you observe something (in itself a highly complex process) and then you store that information for future retrieval. Today we would relate this to writing on a computer hard drive. Maybe in a past generation we would have said it was like writing it on a piece of paper for reading in the future. MEMORY Surely our brain has some mechanism for writing information to storage similar to a hard drive, but we have no clue as to how it is done. We are proud as a society when we figure out what part of the brain it happens in, much less how it happens. Someday we may figure out how it happens, but it will likely be a long time from now. All that an atheist would ask you to believe is that a pre-memory living thing (George) figured out how to do it. George had no mechanism to determine the need to have a memory, even if it is obvious now. If George had determined the need for memory, he could not have remembered the need long enough to have done anything about it. If George did for whatever reason address the problem, how could he develop this phenomenal mechanism and talent for memory when all our scientists can t Source unknown even explain how it works? Someday when we learn how memory actually works, we can give a more specific reason why it is impossible for evolution. For now we will need to be satisfied that it is the invention of something very complex that it well out of the range of a zero I.Q. living thing to do for itself. Our memory is simply one of the eloquent ways in which God shows us He is real. 43 [3], [7]

44 DREAMS Have you ever noticed how you can vividly recall a dream immediately after you wake up, but you cannot remember a thing about the dream the next day, except that you had one. Only after you have dreams repeatedly or the dream is closely acquainted to real life can you recall it. You can frequently remember that you had a dream, you just can t remember what it was. If you believe in atheistic evolution, imagine how you would have an accidental design which allowed for vivid views of a subject (in your dreams) and then completely erase the dream from your memory. It is sort of like loading something into ROM into your computer and when you turn the computer off it disappears. Everything on your hard drive remains, but the ROM memory simply goes away. Secondly, if you were a human designing this system, you would probably like to remember what you dreamed. The idea of dreams disappearing is something with no accidental evolutionary cause and is something beyond human wisdom. Consider what the effect would be if you could remember your dreams. Presume you dreamed you had loaned someone a large sum of money. If your dreams were retained as vividly as real life, you would be confused as to whether you should be collecting that money or whether it was just a dream. The longer you lived and the more dreams you had, the more difficult it would be to distinguish dreams from reality. Consider something as simple as you dreamed you made your house payment. You would be able to go to court and swear that you had made the payment, and would be sincere, you remember it. Clearly an intelligent designer with knowledge superior to human beings (or accidents) designed this smallest of details in our human existence to our ultimate benefit. Clearly it is impossible for atheistic evolution to explain this beneficial characteristic of human beings. AWARENESS When sight, sound, touch, taste, and hearing electrical signals reach the brain something happens and we are aware of our environment. It is spectacular, but we really don t have a name for it. Alive? Conscious? Intelligence? For the purpose of this article, we are going to use the term Awareness to identify this characteristic. If you know of a better name, let us know. To be aware the brain must receive electrical signals, decode them, interpret them, and understand what they mean. We do this instinctively and so frequently that we simply take the process for granted (unless we lose one of the signals, e.g. become blind). Awareness is actually so complex that scientists with their millions of dollars of research have no idea as to how it happens. Your ability to read this page says you have a high degree of intelligence, but you are not the sole possessor of it. A single sperm cell knows enough to go find an egg to fertilize it. That demonstrates that this happens even on the microscopic scale. The sperm cell cannot read or write, but it has enough awareness to do its part in reproduction. Turns out, no living thing can survive without it, no matter how large or small they are. Awareness is so complex and mysterious that no scientist can tell you how it happens. All they can tell you, and will tell you with assurance, is that a zero I.Q. single cell crude life form conceived of it and implemented it as a part of the evolutionary fantasy. Awareness is the design of a highly intelligent designer - and that designer is God! [3], [4], [5] 44 [3], [4], [7]

LANE MAINTENANCE / BICYCLE BALANCE [2] Texting while driving and driving automobiles between lane markers are things which happened suddenly in the present generation or in a single generation a

If you drive from Houston to San Antonio, you keep your car between the lane markers and characteristically keep it very close to the center between the markers.

45 LANE MAINTENANCE / BICYCLE BALANCE [2] Texting while driving and driving automobiles between lane markers are things which happened suddenly in the present generation or in a single generation a couple of generations ago. Texting while driving is not a subject here, it simply distracts from the actual subject and is a bad thing to do. If you drive from Houston to San Antonio, you keep your car between the lane markers and characteristically keep it very close to the center between the markers. Other than when you first learned to drive and when navigating a corner, you don t even think about it. Literally when the road curves, you don t need to think about it, you automatically stay between the lines. Your brain goes on something like auto pilot and does it subconsciously. You can think about the weather or what you are going to do when you arrive at your destination. What you can t do is take your eyes off the road to text. You lose your auto pilot when you focus your brain and eyes on something else, like a cell phone. What is interesting is that in all of history, man has never had a need for this kind of capability. The need suddenly presented itself a couple of generations ago. The only thing we can think of similar to this is riding a bicycle. Similarly riding a bicycle requires an instinctive balance which was simply not required before (This article could have been titled Riding A Bicycle as well). You didn t have to balance a horse, it did it for itself on four legs. This did not evolve over a million years with not the fittest people crashing and burning in the development of this talent. Humans suddenly displayed this capability a couple of generations ago - in one generation. Clearly this capability was instilled in mankind a long time before it was needed. A somewhat similar experience is riding a bicycle. It is a kind of a special ability that you don t Photo by J.P. Fagerback have until you use it. It is especially pleasing to see one of your children suddenly develop an intuitive skill to ride upright on a bicycle, and then do it without even thinking. On the one hand, you cannot say this capability evolved as it happened in one generation. On the other hand, it is a spectacular proof of God. It means that He designed or brains to operate on two levels at one time - conscious and subconscious. A human (or evolution) could never have looked into the future and anticipated that a need for this fitness would exist. Agneiszka Kwiecien (Nova) 45 [3],[4], [7]

FLIGHT Birds and flying insects which fly are heavier than air so there is a natural tendency to stay on the ground.

The possibility would probably never occur to you, as a high intelligent being.

Presume you were a complex enough being to be mobile and think, and thought I think I will fly. What do you do then, start imagining that you have wings?

Of course it was a million beneficial mistakes in a row to develop the special structures and body strength which would allow flight.

46 FLIGHT Birds and flying insects which fly are heavier than air so there is a natural tendency to stay on the ground. If you had never seen a bird or insect fly, would you say to yourself, I think I will launch myself into the air I can t see and fly around? The possibility would probably never occur to you, as a high intelligent being. We would have looked at anyone who thought this as being foolish, unless we were to do it from the point of view of hindsight. Presume you were a complex enough being to be mobile and think, and thought I think I will fly. What do you do then, start imagining that you have wings? In the massively complex DNA within us, evolutionists would have you think that a mistake happened and you got wings. Of course it was a million beneficial mistakes in a row to develop the special structures and body strength which would allow flight. It also ignores that a half developed wing (if such a thing existed) would compromise your ability to survive and probably get you eaten by a predator. It took intelligent men 6,000 years to observe birds and learn how to fly. Atheistic evolutionists would have us to believe that some zero I.Q. something grew wings and decided to fly. This is an impossible task assigned to accidental evolution. museodelprado.es/imagen/ Above: In Greek mythology Daedalus constructed wings of wax and feathers to escape from the Isle of Crete and warned his son Icarus not to fly too close to the Sun. He presumably flew too close and the wax melted so he fell into the sea. Below: The first successful flight by the Wright Brothers in 1903 at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/file%3afirst_flight2.jpg 46 [3], [4], [5], [6]

If you ever attempted to swat a fly with your hand, you most likely failed. Position your large hand near a fly landed on a surface, move your hand as fast as you can and try to swat it.

What the fly must do is to detect the movement of your hand after it started approaching, jump/ fly off the spot at a high acceleration, and avoid death by smashing.

47 If you ever attempted to swat a fly with your hand, you most likely failed. Position your large hand near a fly landed on a surface, move your hand as fast as you can and try to swat it. You know when you are going to do it, you have made a plan, and you execute quickly and most likely will miss. What the fly must do is to detect the movement of your hand after it started approaching, jump/ fly off the spot at a high acceleration, and avoid death by smashing. That is amazing, but not impossible. If you want to try to swat a fly, it helps to know that the fly takes off backwards. You need to hit slightly behind it. Now consider something really hard, which you take for granted. A fly landing on the ceiling. For a dumb fly to fly upside down is a miracle in the first place. It is easier to imagine how a bird with a large wingspread can glide to an upside down position, but the shape of his wing is made for flying right side up. It would be inefficient for even gliding upside down, but it still works. Short fat flies with short wingspreads are not gliders, they are flyers. When they flip upside down to land on the ceiling, they must lock onto both glass hard non-porous surfaces, and bumpy porous surfaces too. They can t simply have a universal glue to stick to anything, because they have to release to fly away and very quickly when you try to hit them. As seen is the adjacent photos, flies actually have claws for use when appropriate, plus small hairs which lock onto surfaces by surface tension. In addition, they apparently use their feet for tasting also. FLIES ON THE CEILING God did all this incredible design work for a minor part of a small insect which only lives about 2 weeks. Consider how much more He did for you. Source unknown 47 [3],[4], [6]

With wings closed, the blue morpho butterfly Photo by pulpbits.

This clearly illustrates an intelligent designer rather than chance evolution. Photo by Tom Hilton (Morpho peleides) appears to have seven sets of eyes.

The blue morpho is among the largest butterflies in the world, with wings spanning from five to eight inches.

The underside of the morpho s wings, is a dull brown color with many eyespots, providing camouflage against predators such as birds and insects when its wings are

48 With wings closed, the blue morpho butterfly Photo by pulpbits.net BLUE MORPHO BUTTERFLY the wings (especially the 7 eyes on one side) could easily qualify something as impossible for evolution to do, however, it is not the subject of Fig. by asknature.com this article. The accidental design of microscopic scales (small prisms) which reflect the light and make the wings appear to be blue is impossible. This clearly illustrates an intelligent designer rather than chance evolution. Photo by Tom Hilton (Morpho peleides) appears to have seven sets of eyes. As its common name implies, the blue morpho butterfly s wings are bright blue, edged with black. The blue morpho is among the largest butterflies in the world, with wings spanning from five to eight inches. Their vivid, iridescent blue coloring is a result of the microscopic scales on the backs of their wings, which reflect light. The underside of the morpho s wings, is a dull brown color with many eyespots, providing camouflage against predators such as birds and insects when its wings are closed. When the blue morpho flies, the contrasting bright blue and dull brown colors flash, making it look like the morpho is appearing and disappearing. The males wings are broader than those of the females and appear to be brighter in color. Blue morphos, like other butterflies, also have two clubbed antennas, two fore wings and two hind wings, six legs and three body segments -- the head, thorax and abdomen. (From the Rainforest Alliance on Wikipedia) The intricate and different designs on each side of 48 Photo by asknature.com Wing of Blue Morpho Butterfly at higher and higher zoom to show the scales. [3],[4], [6]

Hummingbirds are among the smallest of birds, with the Bee Hummingbird weighing less than a U.S. penny. They are named for the sound of their wings which typically move at 50 flaps per second.

They typically migrate from the area between southern Mexico and Panama to the southern United States. Many cross the Gulf of Mexico.

49 Hummingbirds are among the smallest of birds, with the Bee Hummingbird weighing less than a U.S. penny. They are named for the sound of their wings which typically move at 50 flaps per second. They can fly at 34 mph, hover, and fly backwards. Their hearts beat at 1260 beats per minute and they take 250 breaths per minute. They typically migrate from the area between southern Mexico and Panama to the southern United States. Many cross the Gulf of Mexico. They will double their weight in anticipation of migration, even if they have never migrated before. They just know to do it. They have long beaks with long tongues to eat the nectar. The tongue Dan Pancamo HUMMINGBIRDS HOVERING would appear to be round with a hole in the center, but is actually split along one side to open and trap the nectar quickly to get it out of the flower. The mouth also opens wide enough to eat insects. The impossibility of a heavier than air, zero I.Q. living thing to decide it will fly was discussed on the page on flight. That alone clearly shows the work of an intelligent designer. The hummingbird takes it to the next level. Presume you re a heavier than air bird has achieved flight and flies by a nice flower with sweet smelling nectar, You say to yourself, I will just stall in midair by that flower so I can drink of the nectar. If a bird was to think this, it couldn t happen as normal bird s wings simply cannot be adjusted to hover. It takes new programming for a different wing structure. Normal wings flap up and down to fly. Hovering requires that wings flap horizontally from front to back to provide lift with balanced horizontal motion. The wings and Photo by Norvig movements are so special they can fly forward, hover, and fly backwards. As seen in the photos, they can hover with their body horizontal and vertical to match various feeding needs. We are taught they have coevolved with flowers which use their special talents, which is of course what you would expect evolutionists to say. Clearly this is an example of very intelligent design, and that intelligent designer is God. Photo by Charles Sharp 49 [3],[4], [6]

50 In an article named Nature s inventiveness knows no bounds. in the March 2014 issue of National Geographic Magazine, nectar drinking bats are described. The starting premise of declaring that accidental mutations provide unlimited inventions would be humorous, except evolutionists are actually serious. They believe and preach that zero IQ plants and animals create spectacular capabilities that we have difficulty in even grasping what they are doing. Enough preaching, this is good enough for two impossibles. First, nectar bats (thumb sized Glossophaga Commissarisi) use sophisticated frequency modulated sound calls which reflect back pictures that convey precise information about a target s size, shape, position, texture, depth and other qualities only a nectar bat can interpret. Nectar bats can empty bat flowers in less than a fifth of a second. As for the bat flowers (Mucuna Holtonii), they hang down from vegetation for clear bat access and have an exact fit to match the bat s head. The bat s long tongue springs a hidden switch, exploding the pea-pod keel. As it laps deep in the flower s nectary, spring loaded anthers burst from the keel and gild the bat s tiny rump with a spray of golden pollen. (p. 132, 2nd col, 5th pp) NECTAR BATS AND BAT FLOWERS None of the flower characteristics are interesting unless a bat is available to take advantage of them. None of the bat capabilities are interesting unless there are matching flowers for them to use them on. Mutually beneficial relationships like this are called chiropterophily. It is the theory of evolution that each of these characteristics evolved over thousands or millions of years, being of no use until they reached the developed stage, and at the same time. And they would suggest it is hard to believe in an intelligent designer! Their ending sentence is In such intricate interactions, nature reveals its most profound magic. (A religious appeal to the false faith of evolution) Our ending sentence would be this is positive proof of an intelligent designer, and that mind is God. Further the bat flowers shape their flowers to catch a bat s ear. They provide rounded hollow forms to be easiest for a bat to find. They have waxy surfaces that are highly sound reflective and frequently have a sound absorbent fur background to make themselves easiest to find. March 2014 issue of Na onal Geographic Magazine 50 [3],[4], [6]

51 WIND PROPAGATION The other morning in Bible class we watched as the windows were adjusted to moderate the temperature. With the windows half open a single seed float gently across the class room in almost still air. As it was the middle of class, it was not appropriate to go and get it. I don t know what kind of seed it was. What I know is that a heavy plant produced a seed so light that it seemed to float like a balloon. The wisdom of this design is self evident. It allows the plant to propagate itself over substantial distances as the seed floats on the breeze. What is also well known is that evolutionists will tell you that the plant species decided that it would be good to have seeds drifting with the wind, so they evolved this unique characteristic. Can you imagine a bush deciding the design of its seeds. You are probably pretty smart. Do you ever consider redesigning your seeds? How could scientists say with a straight face that a bush can decide this. The following is Blowing in the wind (from Wikipedia) There are many plant species in the Caledonian Forest that disperse through the air - an effective strategy, considering there s no shortage of wind in the Highlands! Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seeds are wind-dispersed, typically travelling up to 100 metres from their parent tree, although in snowy landscapes, they can travel several kilometres, blown across the frozen surface of the ground. Birch (Betula spp.) also produces huge numbers of lightweight seeds. These come complete with two tiny wings that help them float on the air. Birch is a pioneer species, ie one that colonises a bare site rapidly and in large numbers, although it is relatively short-lived. It was among the first tree species to arrive on the bleak tundra after the last Ice Age. The seeds of plants such as rosebay willowherb (Chamerion angustifolium) and willows (Salix spp.) use downy hairs as a flight mechanism. Even more sophisticated are the tiny parachutes 51 used by members of the daisy family, such as thistles (Cirsium spp). This can ensure they travel much further, drifting on the breeze. Orchids, such as creeping ladies-tresses (Goodyera repens) invest in their seeds being almost powder-like well suited to air travel but because the seeds are so fine they do not have enough energy reserves to allow them to germinate. Like all orchids, they rely on mycorrhizal fungi to start them off. In this mutuallybeneficial relationship, the fungus provides the seedling with nutrients which it could not access on its own. In return the fungus can get sugars that the plant photosynthesizes as it starts to grow. Fungi and some plants such as ferns and mosses produce tiny lightweight spores that also carry very easily on the breeze. Puffballs, including Lycoperdon pyriforme, release their tiny spores when rain, or an animal s foot, puffs the spores through the exit hole in the top of the fruiting body. The puffballs therefore rely on a combination of dispersal agents, which can include animals, water and wind. Source unknown The spores of Sphagnum mosses are winddispersed. A tiny cap flies off the spore capsule and this releases the spores into the air.. [3],[4], [6]

If you ready yourself with your hand near the fly and then move as quickly as possible, you are likely to miss the fly.

52 If you have ever tried to swat a fly with your hand, you have an appreciation for just how fast they are. If you want to hit or catch one, it helps to know that they tend to take off to the rear, so swat slightly behind them. If you ready yourself with your hand near the fly and then move as quickly as possible, you are likely to miss the fly. From the fly s point of view, after your hand starts moving the fly must recognize that your hand is coming and accelerate out of the way or it is dead. Most of the time the fly will beat you. It would be interesting to know how many g s a fly pulls when taking off; it must be several. VENUS FLY TRAP The fly trap has to decide when to snap shut as it does little good to snap shut on a falling leaf or raindrops. There are hair triggers which sense when they are contacted, but do nothing. If a second hair trigger is contacted within 20 seconds, the trap concludes an appropriate prey is Photo by botany.org Photo by this iswhyimbroke.com Whereas we would characterize the movement of plants as being too slow to even see, the Venus Fly Trap, a native of the east coast of the United States in North and South Carolina, moves quickly enough to catch a fly. The Venus Fly Trap reaches maturity in 4-5 years and then can live another years. in position and snaps shuts. This is important, as it takes about 12 hours for the trap to reset. It must avoid the waste of energy in closing on objects of no nutritional value. The trap snaps shut in about 1/10 second. The snapping is basically caused by the lobes on each side flexing from a convex (bent outwards) shape to a concave (bent inwards) shape. The scientists, who assure you that this zero I.Q. plant came up with the idea to do this by accidental mutations, will admit that they are not smart enough to know how it happens. After the trap is shut, it seals around the edges to prevent leaking during the digestive process. It doesn t get to experiment with this. If the trap does not seal, the prey cannot be digested and it simply doesn t work. 52 [3],[4], [6]

VANILLA ICE CREAM Vanilla planifolia, the Vanilla Orchid, is hermaphroditic (containing both male and female parts). The flower itself is self-fertile, but incapable of self pollination.

It requires outside action to either transfer pollen from an anther to the stigma, or lift the thin-membrane preventing selffertilization, or rostellum, and press the flower's anther to the stigma.

53 VANILLA ICE CREAM Vanilla planifolia, the Vanilla Orchid, is hermaphroditic (containing both male and female parts). The flower itself is self-fertile, but incapable of self pollination. Vanilla s pollen is also largely inaccessible to most pollinating insects. It requires outside action to either transfer pollen from an anther to the stigma, or lift the thin-membrane preventing selffertilization, or rostellum, and press the flower's anther to the stigma. Vanilla planifolia, and many other species of flowering plants require double fertilization to fruit, an adaptation that allows the flower to concentrate its energy on producing seeds that have the best chance at growth and survival. If the flower is cross pollinated, as often done by insects, the seeds are viable, and can produce further generations of viable offspring. If the flower is self-pollinated, however, it produces only sterile seeds. The Mexican Melipona Bee is the only insect that knows how to pollinate the vanilla orchid. This simple fact puts evolution in an extremely difficult position. Without the Mexican Melipona Bee, we simply would not have vanilla today. The bee and the vanilla vine had to be made at the exact same time. Moreover, this bee had to be given specific information about how to pollinate the vanilla orchid. Again, no other insect knows how to do this. This bee had to be made, designed, and purposefully created to pollinate the vanilla orchid, and thus, produce vanilla. When the flower is pollinated, a pod will grow 6-10 inches in 6 weeks. A healthy vine produces about 100 pods per year, each with thousands of tiny black seeds. But if too many flowers are pollinated the vine may be overloaded and can die. Most of the vanilla fragrance resides in the seeds and the oily liquid surrounding those seed. Crystallized vanillin can be seen in vanilla pods of exceptionally good quality forming tiny white needles, called givre, French for frost, on the surface of the pods. Until more recent times, Mexico was the only producer of vanilla. In the 1520s, a man by the name of Hernán Cortés traveled down to Mexico and loved vanilla. So, he brought some plants back with him to Europe. For the next 300 years, the Europeans tried but were never able to produce vanilla. In 1836, Charles François Antoine Morren traveled down to Mexico to figure out why they weren't able to produce vanilla beans in Europe. As Morren was studying the vanilla orchids, his attention was drawn to a little bee (the Mexican Melipona Bee). This bee landed on the orchid, lifted up the little hood-like rostellum membrane, collected pollen, and then flew off to the next flower. This bee was pollinating the orchids. After some time, the orchid produced a vanilla bean. The biggest advancement in vanilla growth and pollination happened in 1841, through a discovery by Edmond Albius, a slave on the island of Réunion. Albius discovered the way by which the rostellum could be lifted out of the way using a small stick or blade of grass, so that the pollen could be manually passed from the anther to the stigma. Today practically all vanilla is produced by hand pollination. If the zero I.Q. Mexican Melipona bee had not known to go into the flower, lift up the rostellum, and go further into the flower, we simply would not have vanilla beans to make vanilla ice cream. In the US Patent Office, a measure of difficulty is whether or not other experts had opportunity to make a discovery and could not. We have a perfect example here where from 1520 until 1841 (321 years), experts in Europe tried to figure it out and could not. They had to go back and study God s creation to see how His design actually worked.. Fig. by B.navez Photo by USGS Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab 53 [3],[4], [6]

The beetle sprays this on attackers as a defense mechanism. These chemicals are self heating when they mix.

54 The Bombardier Beetle has two chambers in its body containing hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen quinine. When threatened the bombardier beetle blasts a mixture of these chemicals at 500 pulses per second. The mixed chemical becomes very hot (212 F.) and is very acidic. The beetle sprays this on attackers as a defense mechanism. These chemicals are self heating when they mix. The individual chemicals are stored by the beetle at room temperature until they are mixed together when they are blasted. BOMBARDIER BEETLE & DINOSAURS [2] Surely it is impossible for a beetle or dinosaur to experiment internally with self heating or auto igniting chemicals! Make a mistake and the beetle is dies. Even if there was any possibility that a beetle can decide to make hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen quinine in its belly. Choosing the chemicals, making the chemicals, storing the chemicals, and expelling the chemicals appropriately are all inventions which a beetle has no mechanism to do. Surely this is proof of an intelligent designer and the intelligent designer is God. This leads us to the Bible descriptions of dinosaurs living 3000 years ago with special descriptions of fire breathing. Is this a scientifically correct statement, or a difficult subject to handle? Behemoth is described in Job 40:15-24 as having a tail like a cedar tree, bones like tubes of bronze and limbs like bars of iron. Leviathan is described in Job 41:1-34 as His sneezes flash forth light, and his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning. Out of his mouth go burning torches; sparks of fire leap forth. Out of his nostrils smoke goes forth, as from a boiling pot and burning rushes. His breath kindles coals, and a flame goes forth from his mouth. All of each set of these verses should be read. The book of Job was written about 1000 B.C. or only 3,000 years ago. The book is written as if the dinosaurs were living at the time that the book was written. The flood was about 4500 years ago, so that Fig. by dixcovercrea on.org would make some dinosaurs living as long as 1500 years after the flood. Can we say with confidence that the Bible is correct on this? The Bombardier Beetle shows that having chemicals that can auto-heat to 212 F. is no problem for God. A classroom sample of white phosphorus can be taken out of a jar of water and when it dries at room temperature, it will burst into flames. After God created the heavens, the earth, Bombardier Beetles, and white phosphorus, then combining white phosphorus, hydrogen peroxide, and hydrogen quinine into a dinosaur s head or mouth would have been an easy step for God. That may or may not have been the method God used, but it is certainly one of the ways He could have done it. Photo by Marcin Polak from Warszawa / Warsaw, Polska / Poland Certainly it is believable that God created the Behemoth and Leviathan as described - and it is reasonable that dinosaurs should be taken as another proof of God. 54 [3], [4], [5], [6]

BIOLUMINESCENCE The term glow worm includes several species of insect, including fireflies. They use a chemistry called bioluminescence to generate light.

The bioluminescence can be used to catch prey, scare off predators, or communicate. It is used by Fireflies, worms, and 90 of deep-sea life.

Whereas the firefly may be impressive, the bacteria is really interesting. Although all the users of this technology would have zero I.Q., bacteria would be at the bottom of the heap.

55 BIOLUMINESCENCE The term glow worm includes several species of insect, including fireflies. They use a chemistry called bioluminescence to generate light. It is the mixing of 2 or more chemicals which react to produce light. Fireflies are the commonly seen variety and provide an excellent example of God s design. The bioluminescence can be used to catch prey, scare off predators, or communicate. It is used by Fireflies, worms, and 90 of deep-sea life. Squids and crustacean can release clouds of bioluminescent liquid to confuse predators while they escape. Even some bacteria use bioluminescence to communicate. Whereas the firefly may be impressive, the bacteria is really interesting. Although all the users of this technology would have zero I.Q., bacteria would be at the bottom of the heap. To communicate means that a bacteria (a one celled living creature) invented a way to mix two chemicals inside their single cell to emit light. If that were not tough enough, a second one celled bacteria at the same time invented a way to see the light and decode the signal. One has to wonder if the evolutionists who think this is an accident of evolution, think they have tiny eyes, or perhaps they invented the solar cell to generate an electric signal their tiny brains could interpret. The decision to generate a light, the implementation of systems to code a light signal, the decision to receive a light signal, and the system for interpreting a light signal is a very complex process. This is not just one incredible task, it is four incredible tasks which must happen at the same time. For one to happen means nothing. They must all happen together. Photo by firefly.org It is interesting that a person could say it is hard to believe in a God whom you cannot see, but would readily believe these complex miracles are an accident of evolution. This makes it easy to believe in God. 55 [3],[4],[5], [6]

56 98.6º We take our 98.6º F. temperature pretty much for granted. It is another relatively complex process. We can presume that our first mammal already knew how to burn food (it is alive), but presumably only burned enough food to have energy. That makes it basically a cold blooded animal or a reptile. Now, the mammal must decide to burn more energy to generate more heat to warm its body. This would be a step which evolution might make, however, if it simply starts burning available energy to generate body heat, after a big meal it would kill itself due to high body heat. Do we now presume our mammal is on a good diet so he doesn t overeat for the next few million years while he gets a chance to be creative? The first thing you must do is to figure out how to measure temperature. Our air conditioners measure temperature all the time, but early mammals had to invent a way to measure what the temperature was. Inventing a way to measure temperature when it had no idea as to what to do with the invention was unreasonable. It has to involve a sensing means, nerves to communicate the electrical pulse information to our control center (brain), and software in your brain to interpret the pulses to know that there is a temperature. Then it is not sufficient to know you are warm or cold, you must know exactly what temperature your are, i.e. know 98.6º F. We have no idea how the brain does this,. Then, if your temperature is below 98.6º F, your control center must instruct the various cells of your body to burn more energy to generate heat, up to 98.6º F, when it must tell them to stop. Whenever you get too hot, it is not sufficient to simply stop burning as much energy. That doesn t cool you off. Your control system must instruct your sweat glands to generate a cooling fluid. There are parts of this process that no scientist today knows how they happen. They will be doing good to figure out how it happens someday, but in the meantime they will assure you that a zero I.Q. animal created this process. Their magic elixir is a one in a billion chance mutation that just happened. Clearly this shows the wisdom of an intelligent designer. Photo by BFB 56 [3],[4], [6], [7]

FEVER Back in 1980, a prominent pediatrician named Barton Schmitt coined the term fever phobia to describe the understandable desire of many parents to bring down fevers in their children as quickly

57 FEVER Back in 1980, a prominent pediatrician named Barton Schmitt coined the term fever phobia to describe the understandable desire of many parents to bring down fevers in their children as quickly as possible. Although almost a quartercentury has passed since Schmitt's phrase caught on, fever phobia is still alive and well. A recent study in the journal Pediatrics shows that 91 percent of parents surveyed thought that a fever can cause harmful effects, with 56 percent of caregivers very worried about the potential harm of fevers for their own children. And 89 percent of parents reached for such fever reducers as acetaminophen and ibuprofen before temperatures reached 102 degrees. Why should any of this matter? Because it is often not necessary -- and may not even be wise - - to be too quick to rush for the medicine cabinet when your child has a fever. "Nothing bad is going to happen if you don't treat the fever," says Dr. Ari Brown, a pediatrician in Austin, Texas, and spokesperson for the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). A fever, not surprisingly, indicates that your child is fighting off some kind of infection, such as a simple cold, the flu, or an ear infection. It is not an illness in itself. In fact, a fever may do some good. A study published in the February 2004 Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology found that children who ran a fever during their first year were less likely to develop allergies later in childhood than children who did not have fever. More importantly, according to the AAP, a fever can help your child's body fight off infection. Many illness-causing microbes do best at the body's normal temperature. A fever raises the temperature beyond that which certain microbes need to reproduce. A fever also kicks your child's immune system into high gear, spurring the rapid production of bug-clobbering white blood cells. A small but growing body of research shows that letting a fever run its course may reduce the length and severity of such illnesses as colds and flu. As for the concern among parents that fevers can have harmful effects, these instances are very rare. The brain has an internal regulatory mechanism that prevents fevers caused by infections from getting higher than 105 or 106 degrees. Body temperature must get above 108 degrees to cause damage. Temperatures this high are caused only by exceptional circumstances, such as central nervous system disorders or heatstroke. Taken from health/fever/fever-benefits/ The point to quoting this article is in the underlined portions. First imagine that there are bad for us microbes which can reproduce at 98.6º F. and cannot reproduce at 102º F. Hard enough to imagine in the first place but take it for granted that they are there. Now imagine how you, in all your intelligence, know that this is true (and we bet you didn t) and figure out how to raise your body temperature just enough to stop their reproduction but not high enough to harm you. There is no way to evolve this if you don t know it. If we returned to the olden days before something learned how to develop a fever, what would have happened. As best we can guess, the microbes would have simply kept reproducing and killed the host (you). It would have taken an intelligent designer to have conceived of and implemented this defense. That intelligent designer is God. Photo by BFB 57 [3],[4], [6], [7]

Earwax consists of shed skin cells, hair, and the secretions of the ceruminous and sebaceous glands of the outside ear canal.

58 EAR WAX Earwax, also known as cerumen, is a yellowish waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and other mammals. It protects the skin of the human ear canal, assists in cleaning and lubrication, and also provides some protection against bacteria, fungi, insects and water. Earwax consists of shed skin cells, hair, and the secretions of the ceruminous and sebaceous glands of the outside ear canal. Major components of earwax are long chain fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated, alcohols, squalene, and cholesterol. Excess or compacted cerumen can press against the eardrum or block the outside ear canal or hearing aids, potentially causing hearing loss. Cerumen is produced in the outer third of the cartilaginous portion of the ear canal. It is a mixture of viscous secretions from sebaceous glands and lessviscous ones from modified apocrine sweat glands. The primary components of earwax are shed layers of skin, with on average, 60% of the earwax consisting of keratin, 12 20% saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids, alcohols, squalene and 6 9% cholesterol. the product to a useful location and the (2) blind complexation problem of developing something for which it does not know the purpose. They do not know why it is good to keep the skin oily. The glands in the ear canal are a special subcategory, which required the development of a second chemical compound suitable to the purposes specific to the ear. Keeping dust and insects out of the ear is a function not required over all the body (and thankfully we don t have ear wax all over our bodies). To put this complexity within our ears is surely the sign of an intelligent designer. There are two distinct genetically determined types of earwax: the wet type, which is dominant, and the dry type, which is recessive. While Asians and Native Americans are more likely to have the dry type of cerumen (gray and flaky), African and European people are more likely to have the wet type (honeybrown to dark-brown and moist). (from Wikipedia) Fig. from study.com Arrow shows Sebaceous Gland In both sexes, testosterone is secreted into the body and enters into the sebaceous gland, where the enzyme 5-alpha reductase converts the testosterone into di-hydrotestosterone; this in turn stimulates sebum formation in the sebaceous glands. (from Wikipedia). Sebaceous glands lubricate and moisturize our skin, contain chemicals which destroy bacteria, conditions our hair so it doesn t get dry and brittle, and lubricate our ear canal with earwax (cerumen). They are located all over the body except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Sebaceous glands represent (1) the irreducible complexity of having to develop a gland, to develop a useful delivery product, and a delivery means to get Fig. by thebabbleout.com Illustration of ear wax in the ear canal 58 [3],[4], [6]

59 BLADDER COMPLIANCE / BIRTH CANAL When you need to urinate, you feel the urge. It means your bladder is more or less full. If it is not socially convenient for you to do it right now, an interesting thing happens. Your kidneys continue to produce urine and your full bladder continues to accept it. How is this possible? If your bladder is overloaded and stretched, the pressure would build up and become more and more uncomfortable. That is not what happens. A factor called bladder compliance comes into play. It means that your bladder simply relaxes to a larger size. If it is filled again and it is still not socially acceptable to urinate, it happens again. We have not been able to determine how many times this can happen, maybe 2 or 3 times is the limit. The question is why is this impossible for evolution when no new parts are made to do it, just the same ones operate differently. The reason is that when all the presumed evolution was taking place, there was no need for such a capability. It is a contemporary social consideration and not a survival of the fittest consideration. When presumed evolution was taking place, if someone or something needed to Source unknown urinate, they simply did it. They didn t need to wait for a car to get to a gas station, every place and any place was acceptable. Whoever designed the characteristic of bladder compliance into our systems was making us in His own (spiritual) image, and He build into us a capacity for physical and moral self-control and self denial abilities far beyond what an animal needs for mere survival of the fittest. That designer was God and this is just one of the many ways His wisdom impacts your daily life. It is amazing how much of it we take for granted. A similar thing happens when a baby is born. The birth canal opens from a relatively small size to pass a baby. If this didn t happen, both the mother and baby would die. You don t get to experiment around a million years by trial and error. It works the first time or you die. It takes an intelligent designer to make this happen. 59 [3],[4], [6]

RESORPTION OF ROOTS Teeth are a very complex subject and a clear which we take for granted. demonstration of the design of a higher intelligence.

When a baby tooth falls out, it is very short and it seems to just let go of the jaw bone or something.

60 RESORPTION OF ROOTS Teeth are a very complex subject and a clear which we take for granted. demonstration of the design of a higher intelligence. Rather than discussing the obvious complexity of teeth in general, we want to discuss a specific process called resorption of roots. When a baby tooth falls out, it is very short and it seems to just let go of the jaw bone or something. You know an adult tooth comes in quickly afterwards, but you probably don t (as I didn t) really think there is a specific connection. In the graphic on the right, the left hand column the first 2 images describe the development of teeth before the child is born. The third graphic is at birth. The remaining graphics describe the development of teeth from birth to about 6 years old. Notice first the front tooth in the fourth graphic (left column) and note that the baby tooth is in fact a tooth with a long root, and the starting adult tooth is already below it at six months old. In the right hand column note the adult tooth grows below the baby tooth, and the root of the baby tooth progressively dissolves as the adult tooth grows. Finally one day the baby tooth is so short that is has no more support and falls out. Can you imagine any way in which the bottom of the baby tooth knows how to dissolve as the adult tooth approaches, without being told to do so by an external intelligence? It would be impossible! This is truly one of the miraculous proofs of God Wall poster in Dr. Eggleston s office 60 [3],[4], [6]

61 Sweating is an interesting design, but is not something which would be possible for evolution to develop. When an animal becomes overheated, it would be logical to find shade and live under it. You could hang your tongue out and get some cooling. If an animal which had the tongue characteristic spread all over his body, it might learn to sweat. The first impossible here is sweating itself. If you are overheating and need to sweat, you typically will need to sweat now or may well die from overheat. When you get hot enough to need to sweat, you don t have a million years to develop it. You sweat now or die. Presume you have the ability to sweat. A strange thing can happen then. When you sweat too much - you die. You lose too much of your bodily fluid to live and you die. When you perceive of the need, you are dead. You don t get to sit in the shade and figure out how to evolve in a noncritical situation. When you become aware that losing too much bodily fluid causes you to die, you are dead. SWEATING / ANHIDROSIS When you are cooling by sweating enough to cause fluid loss to become critical, another process comes into action. It is anhidrosis. Literally a life and death decision is made on your behalf. If Fig. by idioms.language you sweat out further fluids you will die, so your body knows to stop sweating. Staying in the same environmental conditions will cause you to overheat and basically have a sunstroke, or the equivalent which is also not good. At this point your personal survivability is better in the sunstroke like conditions than losing too much of your bodily fluids. A process that is only useful in a critical situation (sunstroke) which may be terminal if something normally beneficial (sweating) doesn t stop, shows the amazing foresight of an Intelligent Designer. 61 [3],[4],[5], [6]

delivery method. The mother s milk system is similar to snake venom, except that it is not poisonous, but is actually beneficial to other beings.

62 This book separately discusses the impossibility of evolving the snake venom system. It generally involves creating a poison which kills other things but doesn t hurt the snake, a storage system, a delivery tube, a control valve, a system for controlling the control valve, and a delivery method. The mother s milk system is similar to snake venom, except that it is not poisonous, but is actually beneficial to other beings. The mother still has to (1) create the product (milk), (2) figure out how to store it, (3) provide delivery tubes, (4) provide some kind of valving to keep it from leaking out, and (5) developing a personal delivery apparatus. All of these components are of no use individually and they are of no use partially formed. To believe in evolution, you must believe they all accidentally evolved at the same time, and fully. This is simpler than snake venom in that the zero I.Q. snake had to invent a poison, and invent a way to not poison itself. However, the snake had a decided advantage. When the snake decides to deliver his product, it is all his choice. He bites someone. At the same time, the mother s milk creation must have a voluntary customer. A whole other system must come into existence for it to be useful. That is of course a baby. Babies in antiquity had a common problem. No mother s milk, they died. Again, to be an evolutionist, you must believe that babies were evolved at the MOTHER S MILK [5] 62 same precise time (in the vaunted 14.7 billion years) as mother s milk or nothing worked. This dual timing problem means that two impossibles must happen at the same time. Otherwise the mother s milk atrophies away from lack of use or the babies simply die. Is it logical that all these astounding things happen by chance in zero I.Q. pre-history animals or that they are the work of an intelligent designer. A designer which we comprehend but cannot completely understand. Photo by differencebetween.info The rational choice is that there is an intelligent designer, and the intelligent designer is God. Photo by fairfood4you.com [3],[4], [6]

63 HORSE S TAILS A horse does not know he has a tail. He can sometimes see the end of his tail when he swishes flies off himself, but he never sees the first 1/2 of it which would get soiled in the bathroom process. If a horse was going to evolve the muscles and nerves required to lift his tail, he would have to know he had a tail. A horse does not care if his tail is dirty, given that he basically doesn t even know he has one. Maybe a real smart horse can conclude that because other horses have a tail, he must have one also. If over the years the really smart horse and his offspring get tired of looking at dirty tails, can they will new muscles and nerves into being to raise his tail? Turns out horses are relatively dumb. Pigs appear to be smarter. People are much smarter than pigs. Can you say that you would learn to control a muscle that you can t see and basically don t know it is there, for a purpose you are not aware of? It is clearly impossible for you to control a muscle you are not aware of to do some task you do not know about, and we presume you are smarter than a horse or a pig. Photo by equinefiles.wodpress.com 63 [3],[4], [6]

64 PLAYING POSSUM The Possum or Opossum has been observed to lie still and appear dead for periods of up to 6 hours as a means of saving its own life. They even have the ability to not move a muscle when bitten by a predator and thereby take advantage of the fact that most predators will not eat something that is already dead. The picture below shows Possum doing this. That leads you to the following astounding facts: 1 Possums know to lie still as if dead, without going to Possum School. 2 Other animals have some special programming to know that it is prudent for them to not eat something which is already dead. 3 Possums effectively know that other animals will not eat them if the other animal thinks that they are already dead. Imagine alternately in an evolutionary survival of the fittest scenario; the first possum is bitten by a predator, he panics and tries to run, resulting in one dead possum. The second possum sees a predator stalking and decides to fake being dead. The predator sees the possum, but hasn't learned the lesson on not eating a dead possum, and eats the possum. A second dead possum. Maybe this survival strategy doesn't work well by trial and error. Maybe someone Who knows what He is doing started the possums with the full set of know how on how to work this trick! Can you imagine the fantastic programming that has to be in the makeup of possums to pass this knowledge on from generation to generation? Photo by Johnruble 64 [3], [4], [5], [6]

As a mechanical engineer, the design of mechanical components is particularly interesting.

We previously discussed the motor boat propeller rotary action of Flagellum as being the ultimate proof of God s creation of something impossible to do by accident. Turns out God wasn t through.

The Issus is found in many European gardens and has Photo by cam.ac.uk/research hind leg joints that form two 180 degree, helical- shaped strips with twelve fully interlocking spur type gear teeth.

65 As a mechanical engineer, the design of mechanical components is particularly interesting. One of the reasons for attempting to communicate the great ingenuity shown by God in the creation comes from an everyday experience of the complexity of designing mechanical components. We previously discussed the motor boat propeller rotary action of Flagellum as being the ultimate proof of God s creation of something impossible to do by accident. Turns out God wasn t through. Can you imagine any way in which the programming for spur gear teeth could have been an accident? As seen below, God included this unique mechanical component in in an insect called a Issus. The Issus is found in many European gardens and has Photo by cam.ac.uk/research hind leg joints that form two 180 degree, helical- shaped strips with twelve fully interlocking spur type gear teeth. The joint rotates like mechanical gears and synchronize the insect s legs when it jumps. There are thousands of insects GEARS IN NATURE Photo by cam.ac.uk/research and animals who use two or more legs to jump, and simply use coordination to make their legs move together. There is only one possible explanation for the inclusion of gear teeth to coordinate the movement of legs. It is a message to you so that you will know God is real. Click on the website: -mechanical-gears-seen-in-nature-for-the-firsttime, where you can see the following quote and more information on the Issus. The wording below was taken from the referenced website to show the presumption that evolution can explain anything. This is what kids are being taught for truth. In spite of the obvious fact that unguided evolution cannot design devices such as this, when you have blind faith in the religion of atheistic evolution you can believe a lie. Psalms 19:1-4 NASB The heavens are telling of the glory of God; And their expanse is declaring the work of His hands. Day to day pours forth speech, And night to night reveals knowledge. There is no speech, nor are there words; Their voice is not heard. Their line has gone out through all the earth, And their u erances to the end of the world. 65 [3],[4], [6]

As seen below, silk is harvested by soaking a number of white cocoons in water, stirring them with a wisk broom which grabs a number of the fibers and then attaching the fiber ends to a collection

66 As seen below, silk is harvested by soaking a number of white cocoons in water, stirring them with a wisk broom which grabs a number of the fibers and then attaching the fiber ends to a collection wheel. On rolling the collection wheel, the cocoons spin rapidly in the water as they unwind. What this means is that a fat, ugly worm with zero I.Q. figured out how to: 1. Manufacture a really high strength fiber in internal glands, 2. Figured out how to extrude the silk as an extremely long fiber, 3. Figured out how to wrap the silk around itself in an egg shape, 4. Figure out how to make the silk stick together so the cocoon is structurally secure but will come apart in water, and 5. Figured out how to get out of the cocoon (at least sometimes) and fly away. SILK WORMS Whereas the cocoon is a useful place to change into a moth, many other designs not nearly so complex or specialized are perfectly suitable for this purpose. Each cocoon looks like an egg and is made of a single silk thread which is 300 to 900 meters long (1/2 a mile). Silk is the strongest natural fiber known, it is about twice as strong as the steel used in common building construction. The threads are about inches in diameter. A sheet of notebook paper is about thick so it would take ten threads of silk stacked up to equal the thickness of a single sheet of notebook paper. There is no evolutionary benefit to this complicated feat accomplished by a silkworm. It is only a way for you to have fine fabric and a clear statement to you that God is real. Fig. by BFB Photo by BFB Photo by BFB 66 [3],[4], [6]

67 COLOR A FEATHER Photo by BFB We usually talk about what is impossible, but this time we just want to talk about something difficult about something impossible. I found the feather in the photograph above on my driveway. When I saw it I realized God was sending me a message. The blue feather has graceful black arcs on it for only one reason for God to tell us He is God. There is no evolutionary reason for feathers to have stripes. Blue birds survive quite well, as well as black birds. Consider the planning and information it takes to go out the shaft of the feather to the 104th barb, going out the 104th barb.225 and turning the blue coloration to black. After another.125 turn the black colorization back to blue. Then go to the 105th barb, but this time only go out.215 to start turning the blue colorization to black. After another.125 turn the black colorization back to blue. And so forth on every barb. Then do it for every feather and store all the information in the Bluebird s DNA. Do you believe this programming could be an accident? These seem to be pleasant and valid statements. However, we want to provide some validation that this is true. Validation will be in the form of a challenge. A challenge not to make a feather, but rather to simply color one. Remember that all programming for all parts of a bird are in the DNA which is in every cell in the 67 bird, including every cell in this feather. The programming for the stripes in the feathers is in the DNA. We make a standing offer of $100 to the first person who can simply write a Microsoft Excel cell to color the feather. If we give out the $100 because this is not impossible, we will be at least demonstrating how difficult the task is. This is the challenge: Write an equation in cell A100 of an Excel Spreadsheet which will color the feather. The feather will start on the left end in cell A100 and end on the right end on cell AG100. If you accept this challenge, your entry into cell A100 will be copied to all cells from A1 to AG200 to produce the proper coloring pattern. You are simply required to color the feather blue and put black stripes on it in accordance with the shape above. It is not required to produce the feather outline. It is acceptable if the stripes do not stop at the edge of the feather but rather go on to row 1 and row 100. Just so you know, a Microsoft Excel cell such as A100 can only hold 256 characters, and that is likely not enough information to produce the feather pattern. The likely outcome of this is that this simplest of tasks for God is beyond the capacity of an Excel spread sheet. God is amazing! [3],[4], [6]

On the previous page, we talked about the great and impossible complexity of putting simple stripes on a feather, with a feather shown as an example.

We have considered this as individual feather examples of extremely intelligent design. Photo by Ja n Sindhu SYMPHONY OF FEATHERS it to the next level.

Feathers are not attached to a bird s skin in sharp rows, but rather exit in a semi-random pattern.

68 On the previous page, we talked about the great and impossible complexity of putting simple stripes on a feather, with a feather shown as an example. We have shown other examples of the intricate design which were of no evolutionary purpose, but are simply God s message to you that He exists. The Peacock below is an example. We have considered this as individual feather examples of extremely intelligent design. Photo by Ja n Sindhu SYMPHONY OF FEATHERS it to the next level. Note that the stripes on individual feathers are actually aligned so well that they make a stripe across the entire bird s body. Feathers are not attached to a bird s skin in sharp rows, but rather exit in a semi-random pattern. This means that a group of feathers do not all have the same program such that the stripe is a specific distance from the start of the feather. They must have a varying distance from the start to the stripe to compensate for the varied locations of the start. That is an impossible complexity on top of another impossible complexity for no evolutionary survival of the fittest reason. It can only be the message of an intelligent designer to you, and that intelligent designer is God. How many other spectacular ways does God communicate to us that we simply go through life without noticing? Last week in the valet parking area of the Marriott Hotel in the Houston Medical Center, the pigeon in the next photo was walking around as if he owned the place. Having only my I-Phone which doesn t zoom well and having a pigeon who would not sit still for a picture, the somewhat out of focus is the best picture taken. This pigeon has the characteristic stripes on a feather, which is spectacular. However, the lowly pigeon takes Photo by BFB 68 [3], [6]

THIRD CLEAR EYELID It s called the nietitating membrane, a translucent inner eyelid good for cleansing, protecting, and many other uses. Camels rely on them during sandstorms.

69 THIRD CLEAR EYELID It s called the nietitating membrane, a translucent inner eyelid good for cleansing, protecting, and many other uses. Camels rely on them during sandstorms. Frogs use them to squeeze their eyes inward, which helps with swallowing. Woodpeckers deploy them like seat belts so their eyes don t pop out, says Ivan Schwab, professor of ophthalmology at the University of California, Davis. A third eyelid is even found in the corner of the human eye, in a vestigial form know as the semilunar fold. - Eve Conant from the October 2015 issue of National Geographic magazine, no page number. The frog or woodpecker would learn of the need for these only when their eyes popped out and they were dying because of it. Not much chance to evolve it for a million years. parent characteristics of my eye lens and I would have it. If you think a camel can do that, try it yourself. Clearly it took an intelligent designer to make this happen. When the camel gets sand in its eyes, he or she will not die from it. If you presume the camels are in an all sand desert, they could keep their eyes open and have their vision seriously damaged by the blowing sand or keep their eyes closed and not know where he or she was going. Alternately a camel could live near a desert and only occasionally be exposed to the need. When exposed to the need, the camel could say to itself If only I had an extra clear eyelid to take the abuse of a sandstorm I would be better off. All I have to do is to take the general design of my current eyelids and combine it with the trans- 69 Photos by Toby Hudson The nictitating membrane of a masked lapwing bird as it closes over the left eye, originating from the medial canthus [3],[4], [6]

Geckos are small annoying lizards which love to come into our houses and scare people. However, they are a display of a really interesting invention.

Gecko toes have special adaptations that allow them to adhere to most surfaces without the use of liquids or surface tension. About 60% of gecko species have adhesive toe pads.

or molecules) These van der Waals interactions involve no fluids; The setae on the feet of geckos are also selfcleaning and will usually remove any clogging dirt within a few steps.

70 Geckos are small annoying lizards which love to come into our houses and scare people. However, they are a display of a really interesting invention. They can climb up a wall without stickiness or suction cups on their feet. They have a molecular level attraction system which sticks to walls sort of like atoms in material stick together. Gecko toes have special adaptations that allow them to adhere to most surfaces without the use of liquids or surface tension. About 60% of gecko species have adhesive toe pads. The spatulashaped setae (bristle or hair like structure) arranged in lamellae (thin plate like structure) on gecko footpads enable attractive van der Waals' forces (an attractive force between atoms or molecules) These van der Waals interactions involve no fluids; The setae on the feet of geckos are also selfcleaning and will usually remove any clogging dirt within a few steps. Teflon, which has very low surface energy, is more difficult for geckos to adhere to than many other surfaces. Gecko toes can hyperextend in the opposite direction from human fingers and toes. This allows them to overcome the van der Waals force by peeling their toes off surfaces from the tips inward. In essence, this peeling action alters the angle of incidence between millions of individual setae and the surface, reducing the van der Waals force. Photo by BJurriaan Schulman GECKO FEET 1300 setae. Each seta is in turn tipped with between 100 and 1,000 spatulae. Each spatula is 0.2 μm long (one five-millionth of a meter), or just below the wavelength of visible light. The setae of a typical mature 70 g (2.5 oz.) gecko would be capable of supporting a weight of 133 kg (293 lb.). Biomimetic technologies designed to mimic gecko adhesion could produce reusable selfcleaning dry adhesives with many applications. Development effort is being put into these technologies, but manufacturing synthetic setae is not a trivial material design task. This article after the first paragraph is straight out of Wikipedia, and the last underlined line is their statement. What they are saying is that with all our technology we don t know how to do this, but a zero I.Q. Gecko did it for himself. Clearly this is the work of an intelligent designer. Use of small van der Waals attraction force requires very large surface areas: every square millimeter of a gecko's footpad contains about 14,000 hair-like setae. Each seta has a diameter of 5 μm. Human hair varies from 18 to 180 μm, so a human hair could hold between 12 and Photo by Bjørn Chris an Tørrissen 70 [3],[4], [6]

71 SNAKE VENOM! [7] Venomous snakes, Jelly Fish, Bees, and other poisonous creatures are interesting creations. To have a venomous creature, you must have: 1. Cells that will create a venom which will kill other cells, but not kill themselves, 2. Cells that will form into a bladder to store the deadly venom, without killing the cells forming the bladder (can be the same cells as item #1), 3. A hollow fang, barb, or the like that will pierce the skin of a victim to allow the venom to be injected into the victim, 4. A venom duct that communicates the venom from the gland to the fang, without the duct being killed by the venom, 5. A valve that is closed until the venom is needed to be dispensed, 6. A compressor muscle which will pressurize the venom for delivery (can again be the cells of item #1 or the cells of item #2), and 7. A control system that will activate the venom injection process when the fang or barb is engaged. having a zero I.Q. must function very differently, and they must make all available at the same time. If any one of the seven things are not in place, nothing happens. If you want to believe that each item can be invented by chance a million years apart, you do not have the survival of the fittest, you have survival of the awkward until they are all finished. There would be no reason to evolve a bladder cell that could withstand venom, if venom did not exist. If you evolved venom before you evolve a bladder capable of storing it, it simply kills itself. It doesn t get another try, it simply dies. If it happens again a million years later, it dies again. It may be unclear as to why God wanted to create venomous snakes or bee stings, but it is clear that their existence is the work of a highly intelligent inventor. There are at least seven impossibles that must happen at the same time. It is reasonable to presume the inclination for a snake to bite already existed and is simply taken advantage of. In the case of a bee or ant sting, the decision to do the barb injection must be a part of the control system. A venom system consists at least seven specific inventions in which cells 71 Fig. by Slideshare.net [3], [4], [5], [6]

CUTTLEFISH Cuttlefish are the Chameleons of the sea.

it. There is actually a Cuttlefish within the blue circle, and you can t see it.

They use different colors for camouflage, to scare predators, for mating, and for communicating.

the general color like a Chameleon. This is matching the color, shade, and intensity of each rock as each rock changes.

Just imagine that you stand on a few colored rocks, and then make the hair on your head match the color, pattern, and intensity

72 CUTTLEFISH Cuttlefish are the Chameleons of the sea. Inside the blue circle is a colorblind Cuttlefish which has matched the coloring on his topside to the color of the rocks below it. There is actually a Cuttlefish within the blue circle, and you can t see it. A Cuttlefish can change from the brown to the yellow in the next picture in less than 1 second. They use different colors for camouflage, to scare predators, for mating, and for communicating. Source unknown Photos by Nick Hobgood This isn t just getting the average color of the background and changing your body to match the general color like a Chameleon. This is matching the color, shade, and intensity of each rock as each rock changes. The next image is a Cuttlefish matching the seafloor. This is truly an astounding capability. Just imagine that you stand on a few colored rocks, and then make the hair on your head match the color, pattern, and intensity of the rocks below your Photo by Raul654 feet. 72 This is another tell from God straight to you to declare that He has designed the world. It is safe to say that anyone who believes that a Cuttlefish can evolve this type of capability is truly a believer in the religion of atheism. It takes a lot of blind faith to be an atheist. Photo by Hans Hillewaert [3],[4], [6]

It is of a Humpback Whale and is showing the Tubercles (bumps) on the leading edges of his (or her) fins.

A whale certainly cannot will bumps onto the leading edges of his flippers.

73 TUBERCLES! 1 Photo from Mechanical Engineering magazine The above photograph is from a recent copy of Mechanical Engineering Magazine. It is of a Humpback Whale and is showing the Tubercles (bumps) on the leading edges of his (or her) fins. Two men named Frank Fish and Stephen Dewar have researched the whales for the past 30 years and have some interesting conclusions about the Tubercles. Conventional wisdom was that the Tubercles were a form of Acne on the flippers, certainly not a planned feature. A whale certainly cannot will bumps onto the leading edges of his flippers. They are regularly spaced along the length of the flipper, so they are not common acne. Whales without these bumps can swim, so it is not a survival of the fittest question. Despite all the fluid dynamics genius we have, they were simply wrong. If the whale is displaying a better fluid or aerodynamics profile than we have on our most sophisticated aircraft and boats, surely that is a sign of a superior intelligence. Continued on next page 73

TUBERCLES! - p. 2 Fig. from Mechanical Engineering magazine Photo from Mechanical Engineering magazine The photo above is a full size flipper utilized for testing in a wind tunnel.

Would consume 25% less power The above graphic shows how the air flows over an airplane wing with and without Tubercles. The results were that airplane wings based on the Tubercles: 1.

74 TUBERCLES! - p. 2 Fig. from Mechanical Engineering magazine Photo from Mechanical Engineering magazine The photo above is a full size flipper utilized for testing in a wind tunnel. The results were that fan blades based on the Tubercles: 1. Would move 25% more air 2. Would consume 25% less power The above graphic shows how the air flows over an airplane wing with and without Tubercles. The results were that airplane wings based on the Tubercles: 1. Would generate more lift without causing more drag 2. Would postpone stall As amazing as it is that humpback whales have this technologically advanced feature, it does not work at all speeds. It is apparently most effective at whale speed. The cells which make up the tubercles don t have any idea that they are part of a hydrodynamic improvement. They would have no mechanism for just taking up this activity. It is amazing all the proofs of God which are all around us that we take for granted, or in a lot of cases don t even notice. 74 [3], [6]

METAMORPHOSIS Revue, Guatemala's English Language Magazine It is amazing that a worm hangs itself from a branch, sheds its skin, has an inner skin to harden into a chrysalis (the green thing), in 8

before it gets into the wings, the bu erfly is dead. If it doesn t set up when it gets into the wings, the bu erfly is dead. And to top it off, note the ornate design of the pa erns on the wings.

75 METAMORPHOSIS Revue, Guatemala's English Language Magazine It is amazing that a worm hangs itself from a branch, sheds its skin, has an inner skin to harden into a chrysalis (the green thing), in 8 15 days converts itself from a worm to a Bu erfly, and then flies off. It is incomprehensible that someone would say this is an accidental muta on of DNA. May be incomprehensible, but they do it. before it gets into the wings, the bu erfly is dead. If it doesn t set up when it gets into the wings, the bu erfly is dead. And to top it off, note the ornate design of the pa erns on the wings. Frogs make a major lifestyle change also. If that doesn t impress you, no ce that the wings are floppy and folded in the Chrysalis. You might presume that when they dry they get s ff enough to fly. Turns out God wasn t through yet. As the bu erfly begins to flap his wings slowly back and forth in a movement which might assist in drying, he (or she) is also pumping a liquid into the veins in the wings. Once there, the liquid sets up like 5 minute epoxy to s ffen the wings. Just imagine, if the liquid sets up 2006 Encyclopedia Britannica 75 [3], [4], [5], [6]

76 ANGLER FISH God has got to have a sense of humor. The Angler Fish shown in the picture is a real fish which lives in deep ocean waters. Wikipedia blithely reports that they evolved between 100 and 130 million years ago as if it were a fact. The Angler Fish suspends a bioluminescent lure in front of it s mouth to attract prey and then grab them. Oddly enough the mouth is so large and elastic that it can swallow a fish which is larger than the Angler Fish itself. A favorite question of evolutionists is Which came first, the chicken or the egg? A similar question could be asked of the Angler Fish. What came first, the bioluminescent lure or the dorsal ray which suspends it? A dorsal ray with nothing on its tip would not be a lure. A bioluminescent lure on top of the Angler Fish s head would be attracting small prey to a location where they were difficult to catch. If you were to take the position that a bioluminescent lure on top of the fish s head would be useful, you still need to figure out how a fish with zero I.Q. decided to invent a bioluminescent lure (or even to spell it). It is not reasonable to say that something even as primitive as this fish invented something bioluminescent. The idea that this just happened without an intelligent designer is simply not credible. It may be the blind faith of 90% of the people who consider themselves to be scientists, but it is still not credible. Photo by Jenna Nichols 76 [3],[4], [6]

77 ELECTRIC EEL! The electric eel (Electrophorus electricus) is an electric fish, and the only species in its genus. It is capable of generating powerful electric shocks of up to 600 volts, which it uses for hunting and self-defense. It is an apex predator in its South American range. Despite its name, it is not an eel, but rather a knifefish. The electric eel has an elongated, cylindrical body, typically growing to about 2 m (6 ft. 7 in) in length, and 20 kg (44 lb.) in weight, making it the largest species of the Gymnotiformes. The coloration is dark gray-brown on the back and yellow or orange on the belly. Mature males have a darker color on the belly. They have no scales. The mouth is square, and positioned at the end of the snout. The anal fin extends the length of the body to the tip of the tail. As in other ostariophysan fishes, the swim bladder has two chambers. The anterior chamber is connected to the inner ear by a series of small bones derived from neck vertebrae called the Weberian apparatus, which greatly enhances its hearing capability. The posterior chamber extends along the whole length of the body and maintains the fish's buoyancy. E electricus has a well -developed sense of hearing. This fish has a vascularized respiratory organ in its oral cavity. As obligate air-breathers, electric eels must rise to the surface every 10 minutes or so to inhale before returning to the bottom. Nearly 80% of the oxygen used by the fish is acquired in this way. Despite its name, the electric eel is not closely related to the true eels (Anguilliformes), but is a member of the neotropical knifefish order (Gymnotiformes), which is more closely related to the catfish. The electric eel has three abdominal pairs of organs that produce electricity: the main organ, the Hunter's organ, and the Sach's organ. These organs make up four-fifths of its body, and are what give the electric eel the ability to generate two types of electric organ discharges: low voltage and high voltage. These organs are made of electrocytes, lined up so a current of ions can flow through them and stacked so each one adds to a potential difference. When the eel locates its prey, the brain sends a signal through the nervous system to the electrocytes. This opens the ion channels, allowing sodium to flow through, reversing the polarity momentarily. By causing a sudden difference in electric potential, it generates an electric current in a manner similar to a battery, in which stacked plates each produce an electrical potential difference. In the electric eel, some 5,000 to 6,000 stacked electroplaques are capable of producing a shock at up to 500 volts and 1 ampere of current (500 watts). It would be extremely unlikely for such a shock to be deadly for an adult human, due to the very short duration of an eel's discharge (<2 ms). The preceding description is from Wikipedia. Can you imagine a zero I.Q. fish developing a 500 volt electrocution system by trial and error without killing itself along the way? That would take a seriously intelligent designer and that designer is God. 77 [3],[4],[5], [6]

78 AESTIVATION Our company has a drainage ditch behind it which always holds water. As we are responsible for the quality of the run-off water, we have long used the number of minnows in the ditch as an indication of the quality of our run-off water. This year we have had a new entry into the pond. Catfish. The trapped portion of the water is about 6 ft. wide, x 100 ft. long x 1 ft. deep. We noted 3 small catfish swim from one shady area to another, then another, and more until 51 catfish swam from one side to the other. That may have been all the catfish, but there were thousands of minnows. October 2010 in Houston had no measurable trace of rain, a record of sorts. A consequence of this was that the water evaporated until a small area about 2 inches deep was all that remained. The catfish were gone, but there were still lots of minnows and frogs. We undertook to supply the minnows with more water on November 1, but were over-run by God on that night. The next morning there was over one foot of rain water in the pond area. The surprise was that the catfish were back. This was no surprise to one of the employees who promptly commented that catfish hibernate in the mud. Upon web searching this turns out to be aestivation. Aestivation is a catfish or a number of other fish burrowing into the mud during drought periods, forming a watertight cocoon of mud and secretions, and waiting the dry spell out. potentially for several months. When the wet season returns, the surviving individuals bite through the cocoon and return to the pond. It appeared we had a reasonably short dry season. Evolutionary theory would indicate that this talent would be developed by a process of trial and error. The trials would be that a fish would decide that it was running out of water early enough to make a plan. The plan includes the finite steps of : 1. A water swimming fish decides to bury itself in the mud. 2. The fish must figure out how to secrete a mucous which will combine with mud and make a watertight cocoon. 3. The fish must reduce its activity to a warm temperature for the hibernation stage to minimize the use of energy and water. 4. The fish in the waterproof cocoon must recognize when the wet season is back and bite its way out of the cocoon. When the dry spell comes the catfish must decide to burrow into the mud or it dies. When the catfish is in the mud it must learn how to secrete mucous to make a water tight cocoon or it dies. (You are smart, try to figure out how you would do that!) When in the cocoon the catfish must learn how to hibernate in warm temperatures or it dies. When the wet spell returns, the catfish must detect the returning water from within the cocoon and get itself out or it dies. A catfish which fails at any step dies. A generation of catfish which do not survive step one do not go on to evolve step 2. If the catfish does figure out how to bury itself in the mud and does not figure out how to do step 2, they die. A single catfish must figure out how to do every one of these steps or it simply dies. Truly this would be expecting a genius intelligence of the single catfish. Turns out this does take a genius intelligence to do this planning and implementation. However, it is not the genius of a catfish, it is the genius of God. 78 [3], [4],[5], [6]

PARROT FISH Although they typically are considered to be herbivores, parrotfish eat a wide variety of microscopic reef organisms, and they are not necessarily vegetarian.

Their feeding activity is important for the production and distribution of coral sands in the reef biome, and can prevent algae from choking coral.

After they digest the edible portions from the rock, they excrete it as sand, helping to create small islands and the sandy beaches of the Caribbean.

), about 275 g per parrotfish per day. While feeding, parrotfish must be cognizant of predation by one of their main predators, the lemon shark.

79 PARROT FISH Although they typically are considered to be herbivores, parrotfish eat a wide variety of microscopic reef organisms, and they are not necessarily vegetarian. Species such as the green humphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) include coral (polyps) in their diets. Their feeding activity is important for the production and distribution of coral sands in the reef biome, and can prevent algae from choking coral. Their teeth grow continuously, replacing material worn away by feeding. Their pharyngeal teeth grind up the coral and coralline algae which the fish ingest during feeding. After they digest the edible portions from the rock, they excrete it as sand, helping to create small islands and the sandy beaches of the Caribbean. The green humphead parrotfish can produce 90 kg (200 lb.) of sand Photo by Ewa Barska each year. Or, very averagely (as there are so many variables i.e. size/species/location/depth etc.), about 275 g per parrotfish per day. While feeding, parrotfish must be cognizant of predation by one of their main predators, the lemon shark. On Caribbean coral reefs, parrotfish are important consumers of sponges. An indirect effect of parrotfish grazing on sponges is the protection of reef-building corals that would otherwise be overgrown by fast-growing sponge species. The previous paragraph was copied from Wikipedia. It is important to note that the Photo by Richard Ling sand on the beaches of at least parts of the Caribbean is the hard stuff you would identify as sand. The Parrot Fish gnaws it off and poops it as sand on the ocean floor. Can you imagine that a fish swam along and saw a structure as hard as beach sand and decided to chew on it to get some algae in it. The first one that did this would soon be toothless, so a million years of evolution would not help him. He had to change his nature such that he would grow more teeth right now or this diet simply would not work. Apparently without the service, the coral reef would not survive a million years for the fish to evolve as algae and sponges would choke them out. The time to wait for evolution was not available to either of the parties to the mutually beneficial relationship. An intelligent designer had to have designed this process. 79 [3],[4], [6]

GHOST KNIFEFISH We have discussed Electric Eels which generate electricity to shock you, but the Ghost Knifefish takes this to another level.

The black ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons) is a tropical fish which originates in freshwater habitats in South America.

The black ghost knifefish is a weakly electric fish as a result of the electromotor and electrosensory systems it possesses.

80 GHOST KNIFEFISH We have discussed Electric Eels which generate electricity to shock you, but the Ghost Knifefish takes this to another level. It invented a way to both send electric signals and receive them. It is their basic method of finding food. Truly an amazing design by a higher intelligence when the highest IQ on earth was zero. The black ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons) is a tropical fish which originates in freshwater habitats in South America. They are a weakly electric fish which use an electric organ and receptors distributed over the length of their body in order to locate insect larvae. The black ghost knifefish is a weakly electric fish as a result of the electromotor and electrosensory systems it possesses. Electrogenesis occurs when a specialized electric organ found in the tail of the fish generates electrical signals, which are thus called electric organ discharges (EODs). Then, for these EODs to be sensed by the fish, electroreception occurs when groups of sensory cells embedded in the skin, known as electroreceptor organs, detect the electrical change. The EODs are used for two major purposes: electrolocation and communication. By emitting its own continuous sinusoidal train of EODs, the fish can determine the presence of nearby objects by sensing perturbations in timing and amplitude of electric fields, an ability known as active electrolocation. The particular organs used to sense the selfgenerated high-frequency EODs are tuberous electroreceptor organs. On the other hand, when low-frequency electric fields are generated by external sources instead of the fish itself, a different class of electroreceptor organs is used for this passive electrolocation, called ampullary organs. Photo by printerest.com Therefore, the black ghost knifefish uses an active and a passive electrosystem, each with its own corresponding receptor organs. The fish can also use a mechanosensory lateral line system, which detects water disturbances created by the motion of the fish's body. As nocturnal hunters, the fish can rely on all three systems to navigate through dark environments and detect their prey. (Information from Wikipedia.) This shows the design of a high intelligent designer. That designer is God. Source unknown 80 [3],[4], [6]

Bladderworts (utricularia) are an interesting aquatic carnivore with a unique innovation on how to capture their food.

Photo by Michal Rubens BLADDERWORTS be highly resistant and have been observed to live for several days inside the trap.

plant invented a way to draw a vacuum inside it s body and pop its mouth open when a prey tickles one of its trigger hairs.

As seen in the photos, the plant s feeding device is a semi-clear shell with a mouth and some feelers.

81 Bladderworts (utricularia) are an interesting aquatic carnivore with a unique innovation on how to capture their food. They live if freshwater aquatic and wetland environments all around the world. Although they are carnivores, mosquito larvae and small tadpoles would be considered as large prey. Photo by Michal Rubens BLADDERWORTS be highly resistant and have been observed to live for several days inside the trap. All the time, the trap walls pump out water, and the bladder can be ready for its next capture in as little as 15 to 30 minutes. (Wikipedia) What this means is that a zero I.Q. plant invented a way to draw a vacuum inside it s body and pop its mouth open when a prey tickles one of its trigger hairs. It is amazing how many of God s ingenious designs there are around which we don t even notice. As seen in the photos, the plant s feeding device is a semi-clear shell with a mouth and some feelers. The Bladderworts close the mouth, expel the water to pull enough of a vacuum inside the shell to collapse it, and open again when prey is near. The shells spring back, water rushes in, and the prey comes in with the water. Trigger hairs sense the prey, identifying when to open the mouth. Once the bladder is full of water, the door closes again, the whole operation happens in one hundredths of a second. Once inside, the prey will be dissolved by digestive secretions. This generally occurs within a few hours, although some protozoa appear to Photo by Denis Barthel Fig. by Petyr Dloughy 81 [3],[4], [6]

SQUID LUMINOUS SYSTEM The luminous system on the bottom of a squid emits exactly the same amount of light as comes from the ocean s surface, making it virtually impossible for predatory fish below

82 SQUID LUMINOUS SYSTEM The luminous system on the bottom of a squid emits exactly the same amount of light as comes from the ocean s surface, making it virtually impossible for predatory fish below them to see the squid. We would show a picture of this, but you couldn t see it. You have to be satisfied with a regular picture of a squid and use your imagination. If you think a Squid could decide to do this without God, try to make your feet glow. If you do make your feet glow, remember the double whammy. We told you that something had glowing feet. Conventional invention is greatly facilitated when someone else does it first and shows you it is possible. The Squid would have both conceived and achieved this feat (pun intended). It is completely unreasonable for anyone to teach that a squid decided to make his or her underside luminous to match the light above him or her. It is more than unreasonable it is impossible for a squid to do this. To do this involves the impossibles of cells on the top measuring the light level, a communication to tell this to cells on the bottom of the squid, and cells on the bottom which learn how to glow proportionately to the light on the top side. If you think this is easy enough for a zero I.Q. squid to do, try it yourself. Surely the work of an Intelligent Designer. 82 [3], [4], [5], [6]

83 Spring rains and snow melts cause rapid flows of water down mountain streams. When the Spring flooding washes the fish down the mountain streams to the valley, logically there are no remaining fish in the high mountain streams. It may not happen the first year, but sooner or later fish will be washed down the mountain to the valley. A fish swims around and can t see much other than its present surroundings. It would tend to have little motivation to swim someplace else except to find a mate. More logically, the fish were never up there in the first place. Primordial brews which are taught to be the birth places of life surely happened in valleys, not in the mountains. Once the fish are only in the valleys, for whatever reason, fish would have no motivation to swim back up into the mountains in a stream. At the very least it is a lot of work. Human or evolutionary logic would say that there would be no fish up in mountain streams. That is not what happens. There are in fact fish in mountain streams. It is for some reason other than human or evolutionary logic. That reason is God. For the ecosystem to work, it is good for there to be fish in mountain streams, so God told (programmed) them to do so. That fish are in fact in mountain streams is proof this is correct. However, in FISH IN MOUNTAIN STREAMS AT THE VERY LEAST, SWIMMING UP A MOUNTAIN STREAM IS A LOT OF WORK! almost flat Houston we have additional proof you can see for yourself at almost any time. Go west out the Katy Freeway and exit at Eldridge Road. Go through the intersection and continue approximately 3 blocks until you see a small bridge over a small stream with no name. The stream empties into Buffalo Bayou near Eldridge and Memorial Drive. You very typically see people fishing right here. You don t see this all over Houston, you see it right here. The reason is that the Buffalo Bayou system goes from sea level to about 90 feet in elevation in about 50 miles, barely a slope, but a slope. This small bridge is the closest public access to the end of this small stream, as it ends at the steel gates of the Federal governments Addick's flood control reservoir about a block further upstream. Fish are here because that is as far upstream as they can go to the steel gate where they apparently wait to be caught. It is not impossible for fish to swim up the mountain, it is impossible to explain why one would do it other than a simple demonstration of God s attention to details. Even on a slope of 2 feet per mile in Houston, you can see a demonstration of God s wisdom. Photo by Duane Raver 83 [3], [7]

WHAT EVOLUTIONIST ARE GOING TO TEACH YOUR CHILDREN P. 1 Your children are going to be subjected to a well thought out and polished presentation promoting atheistic evolution.

84 WHAT EVOLUTIONIST ARE GOING TO TEACH YOUR CHILDREN P. 1 Your children are going to be subjected to a well thought out and polished presentation promoting atheistic evolution. It has had the time and resources to be well thought out and to be polished as you have paid for it with your tax dollars for years. They will present: 1. Start of the Universe in the Big Bang 2. Start of Life by one of millions of chances in millions of years 3. Comparative anatomy 4. Vestigial organs 5. The structural unity of life 6. The shared genetic code 7. Observed ancient age of the earth which allows the necessary time for evolution 8. Evolution is a well documented fact. BIG BANG Quality graphics will show what appears to be a massively well documented and repeated explanation for how something came from nothing. START OF LIFE Discussions will center around how life sprang by chance from a primordial brew, likely assisted by lightning, or in ocean depths in a hot volcanic environment. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY As seen in the graphic, there is a commonness to the design of many structures indicating they came from the same source. STRUCTURAL UNITY OF LIFE All life is built upon cellular structure which can reasonably be traced back to a single cell. SHARED GENETIC CODE The DNA and genes for all living things have a 84 remarkable similarity. VESTIGIAL ORGANS In the context of human evolution, human vestigiality involves those traits (such as organs or behaviors) occurring in humans that have lost all or most of their original function through evolution. Although structures called vestigial often appear functionless, a vestigial structure may retain lesser functions or develop minor new ones. In some cases, structures once identified as vestigial simply had an unrecognized function. The examples of human vestigiality are numerous, including the anatomical (such as the human appendix, tailbone, wisdom teeth, and inside corner of the eye), the behavioral (goose bumps and palmar grasp reflex), sensory (decreased olfaction), and molecular (pseudogenes). Many human characteristics are also vestigial in other primates and related animals. (Wikipedia) A second vestigial trait which shows evolution is the commonality of evolutionary mistakes which are carried forward through different species. The lineage of mistakes shows a clearer line of descent than perfect genes do. Fig. by Волков Владислав Петрович

Hundreds of examples demonstrating an ancient earth will be presented.

The most important is the new Vostok core that reached 3623 meters in 1998 but stopped drilling due to the presence of a lake 120 meters deeper.

85 WHAT EVOLUTIONIST ARE GOING TO TEACH YOUR CHILDREN P. 2 OBSERVED AGE OF THE EARTH Clearly, all observations evidence is longer than the 6-10,000 year period allowed by the 24 hour creation day interpretation of the Bible. Hundreds of examples demonstrating an ancient earth will be presented. Two samples follow: The focus of oil drilling has recently shifted to Antarctica where several deep cores to over 3000 meters have been drilled. The most important is the new Vostok core that reached 3623 meters in 1998 but stopped drilling due to the presence of a lake 120 meters deeper. The Vostok core is said to span 420,000 years Source unknown through a depth of 3310 meters. ( polar-ice-sheets-only years-old/) DISTANT STARLIGHT A light-year is the maximum distance that light can travel in one year in the vacuum of space. Consequently, it takes billions of years for light to travel billions of lightyears through space. From our vantage point here on Earth we can see light from stars that are billions of light-years away. It is reasonable, therefore, to assume that our universe is at least billions of years old old enough to give the light from these stars enough time to 85 reach our planet billions of light-years away. Your kids will be bombarded with hundreds of examples. EVOLUTION IS A WELL DOCUMENTED FACT The fossil record shows a clear record that things have changed over the ages, from Trilobites to Tyrannosaurs, to Saber Tooth Tigers. Your kids will be overwhelmed with the number of specimen they will see.

86 WHAT IS OUR ANSWER TO EVOLUTIONIST S CLAIMS, P. 1 It is appropriate that we be prepared to give a ready answer to challenges to the Scriptures. As a general rule, we have done badly at this. CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE: Discussion on the impossibility of creating the universe from nothing will be done with high quality graphics, taking the universe as it is and winding a theoretical movie backwards to a singular point in space/time. Then the movie plays forward and they call it the Big Bang. When it is repeated enough, it sounds like fact. This is an enormous obstacle for atheistic evolution, but their faith in that religion is so great that they feel the weight of the other evidence overcomes it. They are confident they will determine a better answer someday. No matter how slick the graphics and sincerity of the presenter, they are still promoting creating something from nothing. That is a miracle, not natural evolution. See the discussion under SCIENTIFIC METH- OD for another method to respond to this. START OF LIFE: Another major obstacle for atheistic evolution is the exact origin of life. Any discussion on the impossibility of creating life when they don t even know what life is, is deflected by the casual statement that they haven t figured that out yet. The yet communicates that they will figure it out, just not at this time. When a cell dies, they can t even tell you what happened for it to be dead. An easy challenge is to scrape your fingernail across your arm and act like you have collected some dead skin cells. Tell them they should be able to figure out how to bring God s skin cells back to life before they teach lightning can do it by accident in a primordial brew. 86 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, VESTIGIAL OR- GANS, THE STRUCTURAL UNITY OF LIFE, AND THE SHARED GENETIC CODE These are four discussions of the same point. If you are preaching that life sprang from a single accidental cell, they are what you would expect and would be necessary proof. It would be necessary, but not sufficient proof. This author is a mechanical engineer, holds more than 100 U.S. patents, basically having a lifetime of inventing and designing things. The author also has a sideline of computer programming. Computer programming involves massive lines of code to accomplish small tasks. Doctors see God as the great healer, teachers see God as the great communicator, and other people tend to see the superlatives of God in terms of their background. This author sees God as the great inventor and programmer. We don t see things invented and implemented by accident. It takes a plan. God s single cell had more planning and coding in it than the largest computer we know of today. It is important to understand that. A single primordial cell was more complex that the biggest computer which the best designers can make today. Although the cell is so small you cannot see one with the naked eye, the DNA coding strand within it is over six feet long. Your tendency towards male pattern baldness is in the programming in the cell at conception. With that much programming required, is it any wonder that when God was creating all the species that many parts of the programming would be further variations on the original miracle we call life? That s how you would do it. To require that God start all over with a new programming pattern for every species just doesn t make sense.

WHAT IS OUR ANSWER TO EVOLUTIONIST S CLAIMS, P. 2 VESTIGIAL ORGANS The vestigial organs are what you might expect of having a common macro-evolution sequence or a common designer, like God.

Creationists were indicating God created everything in the blink of an eye from scratch. What we would understand that to mean today is that God coded a whole new DNA sequence from scratch every time.

87 WHAT IS OUR ANSWER TO EVOLUTIONIST S CLAIMS, P. 2 VESTIGIAL ORGANS The vestigial organs are what you might expect of having a common macro-evolution sequence or a common designer, like God. They are not a proof or disproof of either. The vestigial organ discussion is a hold over from historic discussions before man understood DNA. Creationists were indicating God created everything in the blink of an eye from scratch. What we would understand that to mean today is that God coded a whole new DNA sequence from scratch every time. He could have rewritten the whole massive DNA from scratch if he chose to, but why? It would be more likely that as He switched between species, He took the existing DNA coding and added some more complexity to it to invent the new species. That being said, it is interesting to look at the things evolutionists suggest as vestigial, being appendix, tailbone, wisdom teeth, and inside corner of the eye), the behavioral (goose bumps and palmar grasp reflex), sensory (decreased olfaction), and molecular (pseudogenes). (Wikipedia) The cecum is a pouch-like structure of the colon and the appendix is near the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine and has abundant infection-fighting lymphoid cells, which suggests it plays a role in the immune system. (Wikipedia) Turns out it has a use. Tail Bone. In humans and other tailless primates (e.g., great apes) since Nacholapithecus (a Miocene hominoid), the coccyx is the remnant of a vestigial tail, but still not entirely useless; it is an important attachment for various muscles, tendons and ligaments which makes it necessary for physicians and patients to pay 87 special attention to these attachments when considering surgical removal of the coccyx. Additionally, it is also a part of the weight-bearing tripod structure which acts as a support for a sitting person. When a person sits leaning forward, the ischial tuberosities and inferior rami of the ischium take most of the weight, but as the sitting person leans backward, more weight is transferred to the coccyx. (Wikipedia) Turns out to be useful, so why would you call it vestigial? Wisdom teeth are vestigial third molars that helped human ancestors to grind plant tissue. It is thought that the skulls of human ancestors had larger jaws with more teeth, which possibly helped to chew foliage to compensate for a lack of ability to efficiently digest the cellulose that makes up a plant cell wall. After the advent of agriculture years ago, soft human diets became the norm, including carbohydrate and high energy foods. Such diets typically result in jaws growing with less forwards growth than our paleolithic ancestors and not enough room for the wisdom teeth. This is not an evolutionary change, but rather an environmental change. (Wikipedia) Speaks for itself. The lacrimal caruncle, or caruncula lacrimalis, is the small, pink, globular nodule at the inner corner (the medial canthus) of the eye. It is made of skin covering sebaceous and sweat glands. Photo from health.com

88 WHAT IS OUR ANSWER TO EVOLUTIONIST S CLAIMS, P. 3 VESTIGIAL ORGANS, CONTINUED Palmar Grasp: When an object is placed in the infant's hand and strokes their palm, the fingers will close and they will grasp it with a palmar grasp. (Wikipedia) That a baby grasps your hand is vestigial? Most of us like it. Sensory (decreased olfaction) : No longer necessary to smell out predators or potential mates. Pseudogenes are segments of DNA that are related to real genes. Pseudogenes have lost at least some functionality, relative to the complete gene. (Wikipedia) We are not even sure what all genes do, yet are calling some vestigial? Goose bumps, goose pimples or goose flesh are the bumps on a person's skin at the base of body hairs which may involuntarily develop when a person is cold or experiences strong emotions such as fear, euphoria or sexual arousal. The medical term for the effect is cutis anserina or horripilation. The formation of goose bumps in humans under stress is considered by some to be a vestigial reflex; some believe its function in human ancestors was to raise the body's hair, making the ancestor appear larger to scare off predators. The reflex of producing goose bumps is known as piloerection or the pilomotor reflex. It occurs in many mammals besides humans; a prominent example is porcupines, which raise their quills when threatened, or sea otters when they encounter sharks or other predators. Goose bumps are created when tiny muscles at the base of each hair, known as arrector pili muscles, contract and pull the hair erect. The reflex is started by the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for many fight-or-flight responses. During the formation of goose bumps, the body is warmed from the muscle tension in piloerection. (Wikipedia) Turns out that even goose bumps have a function. Mutations to DNA would suggest a change in DNA which does not work, no longer works, or that we simply don t understand what it does now. It could be an evolutionary mistake, or God simply left unused coding in the massive sequence which is DNA. It would not prove either position. Again reading God s book, the Universe, we have more to learn about the actual creative process. 88

WHAT IS OUR ANSWER TO EVOLUTIONIST S CLAIMS, P. 4 AGE OF THE EARTH It is our understanding that God has written three books, all being in perfect harmony.

If you interpreted the Bible to indicate that the Sun is orbiting around the earth, it was an interpretation which was not physically correct. Ptolemy (second century A.D.

89 WHAT IS OUR ANSWER TO EVOLUTIONIST S CLAIMS, P. 4 AGE OF THE EARTH It is our understanding that God has written three books, all being in perfect harmony. These are the Universe, the Old Testament, and New Testament. If you interpreted the Bible to indicate that the Sun is orbiting around the earth, it was an interpretation which was not physically correct. Ptolemy (second century A.D.) was a proponent of this and it was called the geocentric. When Copernicus proposed the heliocentric or sun centered solar system in the sixteenth century, it was first rejected on historical Biblical interpretation grounds. Observations on God s first book, the Universe, ultimately showed that the Ptolemaic interpretation was wrong, but not the Bible itself. Today we are faced with: 1. Interpretations of the Bible that indicate that the Universe is 6-10,000 years old, which leads us to the conclusion that the sedimentary layers were laid down in a single flood. 2. Hundreds of observations of God s first book, the Universe, which indicate it is older. You can check this out for yourself. Go to the Grand Canyon (see picture) and you can see more than a mile of different sedimentary layers. This was not done by a single flood. 3. We need to consider that the days in Genesis 1 are figurative periods of time rather than 24 hours, and God laid these sedimentary layers down in His time. If He laid them down in a million years before there was time, we need to presume it is a million years. It doesn t matter, God did it. PROOFS OF MORE THAN 10,000 YEARS: This is the opposite of Impossible for Evolution where we only have to learn of a single thing which evolution cannot do and we have shown it is wrong. In this case if a single reason can be shown why the earth is older than 10,000 years, it means it is. We can disprove 99 but not 100, it is right. 1. Man has lived on the earth for 6-10,000 years, but human artifacts are only in the top 5% of the sedimentary column. Several of the lower sedimentary levels feature distinctly different life forms. 2. Ice cores in Antarctica indicate 420,000 annual layers of ice. Even if you presume 10 layers per year, it only get you down to 42,000 years. 3. Parallax (geometric) measurements to near stars indicate 10,000 light years distance, against a background of stars so much further into the background that they appear to be stationary. 4. The Sun to set the period of the day for the earth was not created until the fourth day. Why would God constrain Himself in the creation of the massive Universe to the rotational period a small planet would have on the 4th day. Genesis 1:5 refers to light as day., Genesis 2:4 figuratively refers to the entire creation period at the day. Photo by Chensiyuan 89

WHAT IS OUR ANSWER TO EVOLUTIONIST S CLAIMS, P. 5 AGE OF THE EARTH, CONTINUED PROOFS OF LESS THAN 4.5 BILLION YEARS: 1. Radiometric Dating is one of the basic method for old age dating.

800,000 years. 2. The Tyrannosaurus Rex presumably lived between 65 and 70 million years ago.

90 WHAT IS OUR ANSWER TO EVOLUTIONIST S CLAIMS, P. 5 AGE OF THE EARTH, CONTINUED PROOFS OF LESS THAN 4.5 BILLION YEARS: 1. Radiometric Dating is one of the basic method for old age dating. Lava flows from the Mt. St. Helens volcano in 1984 were radiometrically dated to be 350,000 years old. Included mineral deposits dated to be as old as 2,800,000 years. 2. The Tyrannosaurus Rex presumably lived between 65 and 70 million years ago. However, soft, non-bony tissues from nonfossilized Tyrannosaurus Rexes have been found in at least 3 locations. It is not possible for soft tissue to survive 65 million years. 3. Cosmic Distance Ladder: To get to 14.7 billion years for the age of the Universe, the Cosmic Distance Ladder is used and picks up at the limit Parallax measurement. It is at least 7 more stages, each full of untested presumptions compounded on one another. 4. Rapid sedimentation can occur. Mt. St. Helens in 1984 deposited 25 feet of finely layered sediment in an afternoon. (Note: Sedimentary layers in the Grand Canyon are over one mile deep) 5. Radiocarbon which should be undetectable after 90,000 years have been found in abundance in coal said to be million years old. Clearly the presumptions made to get to extremely long dates are flawed, and are presumably made to justify slow evolutionary processes. The beauty of this is that we shouldn t care in the first place. The Bible generally indicates that mankind has been on the earth for 6-10,000 years from the genealogies. Mankind is created in God s image, which likely is referencing that mankind has a spirit like God. We care that God created the heavens and the earth. We don t care Source unknown 90 how long He took to do it. One of God s books, the Old Testament tells us that He created the heavens and the earth. One of God s other books, the Universe, will tell us more about the timing. We need to listen to both. They are both true. If you look at the massive structures and innumerable stars in the Universe, He may have spent a while doing that. It is extremely complex and He was not on a schedule. The one mistake we can make here is to base our kid s belief and credibility in God on outdated human interpretations of the Bible which can easily be shown to be inaccurate according to observations of God s Universe. It is a strategy we are most likely to lose our kids with, as we are presently doing. If we teach them one thing which they reasonably learn is not true, it brings everything into question.

(see discussion on age of the earth) If you don t recognize that this is true, you need to explain why. 2. Micro-evolutionary changes are observed in living things (size, color type changes).

91 WHAT IS OUR ANSWER TO EVOLUTIONIST S CLAIMS, P. 6 EVOLUTION IS A WELL DOCUMENTED FACT?: This is a form of the bait and switch sales tactics. We see evolution in the historic record of geology, so it proves evolution? Two things are well documented: 1. Geologic records show a developmental progression in the display of living things. (see discussion on age of the earth) If you don t recognize that this is true, you need to explain why. 2. Micro-evolutionary changes are observed in living things (size, color type changes). These repeatable observations make that a fact. Two conclusions from the observations can be: 1. Micro-evolution proves macro-evolution and macro-evolution of life is documented 2. The geologic records show a display of life forms over time as God created them (i.e. not in 144 hours) Either of these are your conclusion of which alternative is better. They are not now and can never become a fact while we are on earth. There are no distinguishing characteristics in the formations which will tell you which of these happened. Neither can be a well documented fact based on those observations. The one you choose becomes your religious belief. This book is about showing that evolution (the macro variety) cannot happen much less become a fact. That leaves you with only God as an alternative, but that is still your faith. THERE IS ZERO PROOF THAT MACRO EVOLUTION HAS OCCURRED! IT IS SOMEONE S WISHFUL THINKING! Let us give you one more example of the difference between micro-evolution and macroevolution. Micro-evolution is like throwing a baseball. We can all do that. Now presume as you trained in your baseball skills you learned to throw it harder and harder. Finally, you got so good that you could throw a baseball into orbit around the earth. Just the right speed and the correct angle - right into orbit. Photo by en.wikipedia.org No one would believe you could do that. There are similarities between throwing a baseball and launching one into orbit, but a lot of throws do not make an orbit. The differences here are speed and enough sustained speed to overcome gravity. It is simply two different things. Similarly micro-evolution (adaptive) and macroevolution (creative) are two different things. Micro does not prove macro. 91

SCIENTIFIC METHOD The hallmark of professional science is the scientific method as follows: The scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or

The Oxford Dictionaries Online define the scientific method as "a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement,

(Wikipedia) What this means is that when you have a theory, it cannot become a fact until you prove it experimentally, and someone else can duplicate the experiment.

92 SCIENTIFIC METHOD The hallmark of professional science is the scientific method as follows: The scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry is commonly based on empirical or measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. The Oxford Dictionaries Online define the scientific method as "a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses". Experiments need to be designed to test hypotheses. The most important part of the scientific method is the experiment. (Wikipedia) What this means is that when you have a theory, it cannot become a fact until you prove it experimentally, and someone else can duplicate the experiment. Even that is not sufficient proof as there can be multiple answers to some questions. If you propose that concrete is magnetic, you can drop a metal nail and it will accelerate towards the concrete at your feet. Someone else can duplicate the experiment with the same results. Concrete is still not magnetic, it was gravity at work. That being said, it is taught that matter came from nothing in a Big Bang, which qualifies as a miracle as it defies the first law of thermodynamics. However, it is testable. We have taken the vacuum chamber in the photo, pulled a vacuum, and sealed it with a valve. We are keeping this on display waiting for something to appear in it. To date there are no universes, stars, or little green men wandering around in it. We would challenge anyone to duplicate this experiment and see if they get a different result. Until someone shows us that they have demonstrated it to be wrong, we are going to continue to understand that something cannot come from nothing (unless an external Creator miraculously wills Photo by BFB it). Fig. from Wha guana 92

93 Creation of species by chance evolution cannot be proven. It supposedly happened millions of years ago by zero I.Q. things which couldn t write or document it. We can theorize that it happened, we can find facts compatible with it, but it cannot be proven. In the same sense, it cannot actually be disproven. If you come up with any fanciful theory of what happened a long time ago, it logically cannot be disproven. You can logically only determine facts which discount the possibility of it. As an example, if you teach that the earth was populated by little green Martians, we cannot prove you wrong. We just don t have to believe you. There is a problem with the little green Martians if you say something specific about them which can be checked out. For instance, if you say the little green Martians say the world is flat, you can learn that the world is not flat and you functionally disprove that group of Martians. Judeo Christianity is the only religion which actually does this. It makes scientific prophecies such as paths of the seas, singing of the stars, springs of the seas, rain water cycles, and existence of atoms which could not have been known by the human writers (For information see: Christian Array/3.13 Scientific Statements In The Bible). Not only does the Bible make scientific statements, it does not include contemporary myths. The first U.S. president, George Washington, died because his doctors were following the contemporary myth that bleeding could get rid of the sickness. He was bled to death. If the Bible had been written by his contemporaries, it would have included that myth. Now with that background, back to evolution. EVOLUTION DISPROVEN MOON DUST Evolution has no supporting proofs, only observations compatible with evolution (or something else). Consider when you observe that your car tire is round on the top, round on the front, and round on the rear portions. It could be reasonable to conclude that it is round on the bottom also. Those are compatible observations. However, you may still have a flat tire. Your compatible observations are necessary for belief, but are not necessary proof. You can have 100 supporting observations, but one disproof will prove it is wrong. As evolution effectively became a religion when Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species on 11/24/1859, disproving it would require a logical prophecy from it which Mr. Darwin could not have known, and which has subsequently been determined to be false. Instead of the 2,000-4,000 years for this to happen like the Bible, we have a relatively short window of 160 years. However, a lot has happened in the last 160 years. A basic tenet of atheistic evolution is that it took millions or billions of years to happen. It is sort of like the little green Martians, if it happened millions or billions of years ago, how can you disprove it. Turns out Darwin has had a little help. All the other apostles of evolution figured out that at the rate space dust was landing on the Earth and Moon, it would be 20 to 30 deep now. On Earth you wouldn t notice because it is simply assimilated into the geography much more quickly than it falls. On the Moon it would just lie there as a layer of space dust. They made a specific prophecy which was objectively testable. Here s where being an old person becomes beneficial. Having watched TV (all 3 channels) in the 1950s right before the space race (and long before the internet). I saw the prediction on live TV. Vehicle designs were made to accommodate this layer of dust and proudly displayed on TV. They had suitable large soft tires. Before man went to the Moon, small rockets were landed on the Moon and they found their deep dust prophecy was not true. The prophecy was not corrected, it simply disappeared. Bad news as there was little recording in the 1950s, you will likely never see any record of this prophecy. It will be interesting to see how many of the other prophecies are shown to be wrong. 93

primary food. Back to hospitals, they try their best to remain very clean.

94 Several forms of micro-evolution exist, including the evolution of a super-virus inside hospitals. It is actually similar to Darwin s observation that birds with large soft beaks survived better on islands with fruit and birds with small hard beaks survived better on islands with nuts as the primary food. Back to hospitals, they try their best to remain very clean. This is one thing you would obviously do in a situation where there are sick people coming in all the time bringing their diseases. They cough out germs and spread them by physical contact. So what do they do, they Lysol the surfaces or something equivalent. This really cleans things up. Notice that they will kill 99.9% of viruses and bacteria. That means that 99.9% of the viruses and bacteria are dead and gone. What is also says is that 0.1% of them remain. The 0.1% which remain are so tough that Lysol will not kill them. For convenience sake we will call them type tough. At that point the virus and bacteria population tends to regrow as you would expect. But only the tough survived so only the tough are going to reproduce. They will not have to compete for food with the other 99.9% who are dead, so you end up with tough viruses and bacteria. The bad news is that the remaining strain of tough viruses and bacterial cannot be killed by Lysol. HOW HOSPITALS EVOLVE A SUPER VIRUS? 94 The next step is to go to Listerine, ultraviolet light and hot water which will each kill some portion of the remaining population, but will also have their limitations. The same process will happen to them. You appear to have now evolved a super virus which cannot be killed by Lysol, Listerine, ultraviolet light, or hot water. Actually the opposite was occurring. There was a diversity of characteristics displayed by the viruses and bacteria. You have killed off the diversity and now only a limited variety have survived. It hasn't evolved, it has devolved (Devolved is actually a word). YOU APPEAR TO HAVE NOW EVOLVED A SUPER VIRUS! This would mean that the hospitals actually devolve to a single bacteria which can no longer be killed with common cleaning agents. Fig. from Lysol.com

95 DNA MUTATIONS - WE HAVE A NAME FOR IT The picture is an actual drawing by Charles Darwin of the Finches he saw on the Galapagos Islands. They show the beak size of Finches becoming sized (microevolution) in accordance with the food supply available on different islands. They do not demonstrate creative or macro-evolution. It is necessary but not sufficient proof. It was roughly like saying you can throw a baseball, so you can throw a baseball into orbit around the earth. Charles Darwin drawing Being able to throw a baseball would be necessary proof that you could throw a baseball into orbit, but it is not sufficient proof. With 3 billion coded pairs of DNA nucleotides in each of our 37.2 trillion cells, atheistic scientist s theories are that this amazing structure was developed by chance mutations. That would be millions of positive or creative mutations in a row. These scientists who claim to be scientific, and say religion is a bunch of myths. Science is usefully defined in the scientific method. The scientific method is systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses. We have a geological record which generally shows that much of life has been displayed in stages. This does not prove whether it was acts of God or accidents of evolution. The scientific method cannot answer this question, as it is prehistory. However, we can observe DNA mutations today to see if they are compatible with the theories. Do the observable mutations indicate a positive creative trend to the accidents? The answer is that all observed mutations to the DNA coding have been damaging. There is not a single observed incidence of accidental DNA mutations providing a positive result. If such a thing were to happen, the scientists would be more than happy to tell us. We do have names for the genetic or DNA mutations which we can observe as happening today. Some are: CANCER DOWN SYNDROME SICKLE CELL ANEMIA HEMOPHILIA COLOR BLINDNESS BIRTH DEFECTS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY CYSTIC, FIBROSIS See website: _of_genetic_disorders for more than 180 diseases associated with genetic mutations. The point should not be lost here that the atheistic viewpoint of accidental DNA mutations is dependent upon a series of millions of beneficial mutations in a row, but we can only find negative mutations happening today. Observable science says it is not true. 95

WHAT DOES MICRO-EVOLUTION MEAN? Photo by BFB When Darwin was developing his theory in the 1850s and we knew nothing about cellular biology, it was much easier to think things just changed some.

We understand those words be er, but it is s ll a difficult concept to grasp. We have found a situa on which seems similar in computer programming, and will explain that to grasp the process be er.

96 WHAT DOES MICRO-EVOLUTION MEAN? Photo by BFB When Darwin was developing his theory in the 1850s and we knew nothing about cellular biology, it was much easier to think things just changed some. Today we know as a star ng point that designs such as the shapes such as the Finch s beak are programmed into your 3 billion coded pairs of Nucleo des in each of the 37.2 trillion cells in your body. We understand those words be er, but it is s ll a difficult concept to grasp. We have found a situa on which seems similar in computer programming, and will explain that to grasp the process be er. In computer programs, all the colors on your computer screen are made by varying the intensity of 96 red, green, and blue from 0 to 255. Mul ply the numbers 255 * 255 * 255 together and you will see you can have 16,581,375 different shades of color on your screen. In the example color in the graphic, the combina on of 204, 255 and 51 give the color of the header on this page. The combina on of 0, 0, 0 gives black and 255, 255, 255 gives white. Any combina on of the same 3 numbers such as 200, 200, 200 gives some shade of gray. If this is a reasonable representa on of DNA Nucleo de coding, how much of the 3 billion pairs of Nucleo de pairs are involved in the color of your hair. Let s speculate that 100 pairs are involved solely in hair color. To change just your hair color, some percentage of those 100 Nucleo de pairs would need to be changed. That would be micro evolu on. Now, macro evolu on means inven ng something that doesn t exist. Repe ve micro adjus ng the program for exis ng items does not do this. Macro evolu on is new programming to get something new. As a crude example, presume you have a word processing program on your computer. What you want to macro evolve is a spreadsheet program for your computer. A spreadsheet program is not repe ve errors in a word processing program. It is new and unique programming. It takes a bunch of talented designers to design this and debug the code a er doing it. No one would say that your changing the variables within an exis ng program proved your ability to write new programming. This comparison of what is happening in microevolu on vs macro evolu on and changing the variables within an exis ng program vs wri ng new programming. That is changing the size of the Finch s beaks Galapagos Islands vs inven ng beaks in the first place

THE CHRISTIAN ARRAY AN E-MAGAZINE DEDICATED TO SUSTAINED SCRIPTURAL CHURCH GROWTH IN OUR GENERATION

THE CHRISTIAN ARRAY AN E-MAGAZINE DEDICATED TO SUSTAINED SCRIPTURAL CHURCH GROWTH IN OUR GENERATION NUMBER 88 September, 2014 THE 10% SOLUTION TO CHURCH GROWTH ELIZABETH BROWN, TEXARCANA, TEXAS Speaking to the subject of church growth is something akin to tackling world peace in 1000 words or less. I