Which Way Does the Evidence Point? Jeffery Jay Lowder Website: Blog:
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1 Which Way Does the Evidence Point? Jeffery Jay Lowder Website: Blog:
2 Super naturalism Naturalism Personal Supernaturalism Christian Theism Hypothesis of Indifference
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4 Paul Draper, Purdue University The Hypothesis of Indifference (HI) is the view that neither the nature nor the condition of sentient beings on earth results from benevolent or malevolent actions performed by nonhuman persons.
5 Thesis Relationship 1 - The universe may or may not be factually necessary. Not Needed! 2 - No maximally evil supernatural person or persons exist. 3 - No maximally good supernatural person or persons exist. Entailed by N Entailed by N 4 - The universe doesn t exist for a purpose. Entailed by N 5 - The condition of conscious beings on Earth (animals) is not the result of maximally good or maximally evil persons. 6 - The condition of self-conscious beings (humans) is not the result of maximally good or maximally evil persons. Entailed by N (and also by 2 & 3) Entailed by N (and also by 2 & 3)
6 Super naturalism Naturalism Personal Supernaturalism Christian Theism Hypothesis of Indifference
7 Equally qualified authorities such as Cal Tech s Sean Carroll believe the BGV theorem does not show our universe had an absolute beginning
8 (1) Physical reality was either made out of God, some eternal stuff distinct from God, or it wasn't "made. (2) But physical reality was not made out of God or some eternal stuff distinct from God. (3) Therefore, physical reality wasn t made. [From (1) and (2)] (4) If physical reality wasn't "made," then physical reality is uncaused. (5) Therefore, physical reality is uncaused. [From (4) and (5)]
9 The correct interpretation of Quantum Mechanics is currently undetermined. Source: Wikipedia, Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics
10 William Lane Craig Well, there are at least ten different physical interpretations of the equations of quantum mechanics, and they're all empirically equivalent, they're mathematically consistent, and no one knows which, if any, of them is the correct physical interpretation.
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12 (i) The Metaphysically Necessary Laws (MNL) Thesis: the view that the laws of nature in the actual world are the laws of nature in any possible world; and (ii) The Rarely Intervenes Thesis: the view that most physical events are not the result of God s direct intervention.
13 Physical Matter Matter Required Matter Not Required Origin of Universe Origin of Universe Something vs. Nothing Spacetime exist for all of time Physical reality wasn t made Universe factually necessary Spacetime not exist for all of time Physical reality was made Universe not factually necessary Matter Spacetime exist for all of known time Physical reality wasn t made Universe factually necessary Life-Permitting??? Life-Permitting Friendly vs. Hostile Hostile Universe Friendly Universe Hostile Universe Discoverability?? Discoverability Intelligibility True naturalistic explanations True supernatural explanations Most correct explanations N
14 Physical Matter Matter Required Matter Not Required Origin of Universe Origin of Universe Something vs. Nothing Spacetime exist for all of time Physical reality wasn t made Universe factually necessary Spacetime not exist for all of time Physical reality was made Universe not factually necessary Matter Spacetime exist for all of known time Physical reality wasn t made Universe factually necessary Life-Permitting??? Life-Permitting Friendly vs. Hostile Hostile Universe Friendly Universe Hostile Universe Discoverability?? Discoverability Intelligibility True naturalistic explanations True supernatural explanations Most correct explanations N
15 Physical Matter Matter Required Matter Not Required Origin of Universe Origin of Universe Something vs. Nothing Spacetime exist for all of time Physical reality wasn t made Universe factually necessary Spacetime not exist for all of time Physical reality was made Universe not factually necessary Matter Spacetime exist for all of known time Physical reality wasn t made Universe factually necessary Life-Permitting??? Life-Permitting Friendly vs. Hostile Hostile Universe Friendly Universe Hostile Universe Discoverability?? Discoverability Intelligibility True naturalistic explanations True supernatural explanations Most correct explanations N
16 Biology Pain and Pleasure Flourishing and Languishing Evolution (Common Ancestry) Special Creation Evolution (Common Ancestry) Biological Role Moral Role Biological Role Mostly Languish Mostly Flourish Mostly Languish
17 Biology Pain and Pleasure Flourishing and Languishing Evolution (Common Ancestry) Special Creation Evolution (Common Ancestry) Biological Role Moral Role Biological Role Mostly Languish Mostly Flourish Mostly Languish
18 Biology Pain and Pleasure Flourishing and Languishing Evolution (Common Ancestry) Special Creation Evolution (Common Ancestry) Biological Role Moral Role Biological Role Mostly Languish Mostly Flourish Mostly Languish
19 Triumph and Tragedy More Horrific Tragedies More Glorious Triumph More Horrific Tragedies
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21 Distribution of Self-Aware Beings Optional Mind-Brain Dependence Universe Not Teeming with Moral Agents Self-Aware Beings Required Mind-Brain Independence More Moral Agents & More Impressive Moral Agents Mind-Brain Dependence Universe Not Teeming with Moral Agents, Humans Unimpressive Freedom??? Freedom More limitations on freedom Less limitations on freedom Variety and frequency of conditions that severely limit our freedom
22 Distribution of Self-Aware Beings Optional Mind-Brain Dependence Universe Not Teeming with Moral Agents Self-Aware Beings Required Mind-Brain Independence More Moral Agents & More Impressive Moral Agents Mind-Brain Dependence Universe Not Teeming with Moral Agents, Humans Unimpressive Freedom??? Freedom More limitations on freedom Less limitations on freedom Variety and frequency of conditions that severely limit our freedom
23 Distribution of Self-Aware Beings Optional Mind-Brain Dependence Universe Not Teeming with Moral Agents Self-Aware Beings Required Mind-Brain Independence More Moral Agents & More Impressive Moral Agents Mind-Brain Dependence Universe Not Teeming with Moral Agents, Humans Unimpressive Freedom??? Freedom More limitations on freedom Less limitations on freedom Variety and frequency of conditions that severely limit our freedom
24 Distribution of Self-Aware Beings Optional Mind-Brain Dependence Universe Not Teeming with Moral Agents Self-Aware Beings Required Mind-Brain Independence More Moral Agents & More Impressive Moral Agents Mind-Brain Dependence Universe Not Teeming with Moral Agents, Humans Unimpressive Freedom??? Freedom More limitations on freedom Less limitations on freedom Variety and frequency of conditions that severely limit our freedom
25 Moral Epistemology Moral Epistemology Moral Flourishing Moral Perception Moral Perception Moral Perception Disagreement Agreement Disagreement Moral Flourishing Moral Flourishing Moral Flourishing
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27 Divine Hiddenness Ethical Hiddenness Scientific Hiddenness Suffering Hiddenness Nonresistant Nonbelief Ethical Disagreement True naturalistic explanations Tragedy victims rarely comforted No Nonresistant Nonbelief Nonresistant Nonbelief Ethical Agreement Ethical Disagreement True supernatural explanations Tragedy victims often comforted So much is intelligible w/o supernatural Tragedy victims rarely comforted
28 Divine Hiddenness Divine Hiddenness Ethical Hiddenness Scientific Hiddenness Suffering Hiddenness Nonresistant Nonbelief Former Believers Ethical Disagreement True naturalistic explanations Tragedy victims rarely comforted No Nonresistant Nonbelief No Former Believers Nonresistant Nonbelief Former Believers Ethical Agreement Ethical Disagreement True supernatural explanations Tragedy victims often comforted So much is intelligible w/o supernatural Tragedy victims rarely comforted
29 Topic Anti-R s Prediction R s Prediction Observation Resurrection No evidence of corruptible body Evidence of corruptible body No evidence of corruptible body
3) Christian theism has significantly more explanatory power and scope than Specified naturalism.
Hello, My name is Kevin Vandergriff, and I will be defending Christian theism against my opponent. I am grateful for our host and technological aficionado, Justin Schieber, and Mr. Lowder s willingness
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