Ethical Decision-Making Meeting the little angels and little devils on our shoulders
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1 Ethical Decision-Making Meeting the little angels and little devils on our shoulders Scott J. Reynolds, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Business Ethics Weyerhaeuser Faculty Fellow The dilemma The dilemma 1
2 Aristotle s Means of Persuasion Logos Pathos Ethos Psychology Philosophy Ethos (Angels and Devils) Culture Biology Philosophy: Ends and means Teleology (the study of the ends) The ends The consequences The good Deontology (the study of duty or obligation) The means The standards The right 2
3 Teleology What is moral is that which is good Good vs. bad, benefits vs. costs Egoism Consequentialism Utilitarianism Teleology: Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill (1863) The moral act creates The greatest good for the greatest number Costs/Benefits Analysis Teleology: Utilitarianism Advantages Maximization of the good Easy decision process Popular Disadvantages Measurement The means Individual rights 3
4 Deontology What is moral is that which meets a standard Right and wrong Standards of behavior: rules, principles, guidelines, laws, mores, norms, codes, policies, procedures Common Morality Rules of thumb or simple moral codes (Golden Rule, Ten Commandments, Kindergarten Files, maxims, Confucius sayings, proverbs, ) Deontology: Formalism Immanuel Kant (1763) Good will (motives) Rationality Categorical Imperative Deontology: Categorical Imperative(s) Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become universal law. Act in such a way that you treat humanity always at the same time as an end and never merely as a means. 4
5 Deontology: Formalism Advantages Protects the means Protects individual rights Morally more appealing (more noble) Disadvantages Requires prioritization Requires interpretation Inflexible Impractical Philosophy: A Fundamental Tension Means vs. ends Deontology vs. teleology The right vs. the good Rules vs. results Principle vs. practicality The Four Corners of Ethics Teleology (Mill/Utilitarianism) Deontology (Kant/Formalism) Do It!???? Don t Do It!???? 5
6 Psychology: Perceptions and Priming Perceptions About the World About Others About Ourselves Priming Considering rudeness or politeness (Bargh, Chen, and Burrows, 1996) Considering the elderly and young (Bargh, Chen, and Burrows, 1996) Playing The Wall Street Game (Kay & Ross, 2003) Seeing Business Objects (Kay Wheeler Bargh Ross 2004) Seeing Swiss Cheese and Owls (Gino and Margolis, 2011) Culture: Traditions and Values Our ethical decisions are influenced by Nationality/ethnicity (Hofsteder, 1980) Political ideologies (Graham, Haidt & Nosek, 2009) Language (Chomsky, 1968; Hauser, 2006; Bird & Waters, 1988) Organizations (Reynolds, 2014) Biology: Fruits and Vegetables We make poor decisions when we are Sleepy (Lanaj, Barnes & Johnson, 2014) Tired (Yam, Chen & Reynolds, 2014) Hungry (Yam, Reynolds & Hirsch, 2014) Thirsty (Yam, Reynolds & Hirsch, 2014) 6
7 What to do next? Today Discover a little bit about your philosophy at When you face your next dilemma, ask Am I set to make the best decision possible? (physical) How does my personal philosophy affect my decision? Am I being honest with myself? (psychology and culture) Ongoing Continue to Explore Thank you Scott J. Reynolds, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Business Ethics Weyerhaeuser Faculty Fellow Foster School of Business University of Washington Box Seattle, WA heyscott@u.washington.edu 7
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