Toward a New Worldview

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Toward a New Worldview"

Transcription

1 PrductivityStudent Toward a New Worldview Major Breakthroughs of the Scientific Revolution Scientific Thought in 1500 What is natural philosophy? The study of the nature of universe, its purpose, and how it functioned. What we would call science today. Based on the ideas of Aristotle. Model of the universe: Earth is in the middle Aristotelian philosophy fixed perfectly with Christian doctrines by Thomas Aquinas Great Chain of Being The Aristotelian Universe - Earth was the center of the universe. Who is Ptolemy? Hellenized (Greco-Roman) Egyptian scholar Ptolemy s Teachings 1. Planets move in epicycles. 2. Earth was the center of the universe. * Ptolemaic astronomy requires complex calculations. Origins of the Scientific Revolution Causes of the Scientific Revolution (1) Medieval universities layed down the foundations of new views. Established new professorships of mathematics, astronomy, and optics. (2) Renaissance ideas stimulated scientific progress. Renaissance patronized scientific investigations. Took interest in realism and use of geometry to convey perspective.

2 (3) Technological Developments Printing press allowed knowledge and new ideas to circulate faster across Europe. Navigation and cartography critical in the development of new instruments: telescope, barometer, thermometer, pendulum clock, microscope, and air pump. Allowed sailors to make more accurate observations. Role of Centuries-old Practices For many years, many believed that the changing relationship between planets and stars influence events on Earth. Magic/alchemy The Copernican Hypothesis What led to the departure from medieval thinking? The desire to explain and thereby glorify God s handiwork Who is Nicolaus Copernicus? A Polish cleric Studied astronomy, medicine, and church law. Challenged Aristotelian physics Copernican Theory 1. Sun is the center of the universe. 2. Earth revolves around the sun. 3. Earth rotates on its axis. 4. The universe is unthinkably large. On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres Published at the year of his death; 1543 Different Reactions to the Copernican Hypothesis Protestant scholars took an interest in Copernicus ideas, while others accepted his criticisms of Ptolemy, but also rejected the heliocentric model. Was not declared false by the Catholic Church (who initially ignored his teachings) until 1616.

3 Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo: Proving Copernicus Right Who is Tycho Brahe? Danish nobleman and astronomer. Casted horoscopes and based his daily life on astrological principles. Brahe s Significance Created new tables of planetary motions: Rudolphine Tables. Known for his accurate planetary observations. He had an assistant...johannes Kepler. Kepler was a German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer. What did Kepler do? Developed three laws: Orbits of the planets around the star are elliptical. A planet moves faster when close to the sun and vice versa. Orbital period is related to a planet s distance from the sun. United natural philosophy with mathematics. Completed the Rudolphine Tables. First to study the field of optics. Created the basis for integral calculus and advances in geometry. Then came Galileo Galilei. Galilei was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher. What did Galileo do? Created the experimental method a new method of learning was developed. Formulated the law of inertia: rest is natural state of objects, unless stopped by some force. Discovered the moons of Jupiter provided new evidence for Copernican theory. Works of Copernicus and his supporters were included in the list of forbidden books. Published Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World (1632) Put on trial for heresy and imprisoned.

4 Newton s Synthesis By 1640, the science community has accepted the works of Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo. Who is Isaac Newton? An English scientist. United experimental and theoretical-mathematical sides of modern science. Believed in alchemy. Newton s Significance He published Principia. Created a set of laws that explained motion and mechanics. Law of Universal Gravitation Synthesized mathematics with physics and astronomy. Important Changes in Scientific Thinking Bacon, Descartes, and the Scientific Method Major Achievement (17th c.): Better ways of obtaining knowledge Two Important thinkers: Francis Bacon English politician and writer. Rejected medieval way of thinking. Formalized the empirical method (empiricism/inductive reasoning) Knowledge is based on experiment and experimentation. His followers created the Royal Society, which met weekly to discuss and conduct experiments. René Descartes Discovered analytic geometry provided scientist with a new tool. Stressed mathematics and deductive reasoning (rationalism). Human reasoning is the best way of understanding. Everything should be doubted until proven. Cartesian dualism: mind (immaterial) and body (material) are two independent substances that make a human being.

5 Bacon and Descartes different philosophy of knowledge highly influenced the scientific method based on experimentation and mathematical reasoning. Medicine, the Body, and Chemistry Galen s Explanation The body contained four humors: blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile. Illness is a result from an imbalance of humors. Bloodletting is the solution. GALEN S MEDICAL VIEWS WERE CHALLENGED: Who is Paracelsus? Swiss physician and alchemist Father of Modern Medicine Paracelsus Explanation Disease caused by chemical imbalances. Who is Andreas Vesalius? Flemish physician. Studied anatomy by dissecting human bodies. Major Work: On the Structure of the Human Body Who is William Harvey? English royal physician. Discovered how blood was pumped by the heart and circulated throughout the body. Who is Robert Boyle? Found modern science of chemistry. Discovered Boyle s Law : the pressure of a gas varies inversely with volume. Who is Anton van Leeuwenhoek? Father of Microscopy Developed powerful microscopes. First to see and write about bacteria, yeast plants, etc.

6 Empire and Natural History Scholars published new works regarding the different forms of life in other parts of the world. Encyclopedias Included realistic drawings, illustrations, and descriptions Government began sponsoring scientific expeditions for both profit and obtaining knowledge. Other countries began to invest invest in science as their empires expanded. People enjoyed reading the accounts of naturalists, who braved the heat, insects, and diseases of tropical jungles to bring home exotic animal, vegetables, and mineral specimens. They began collecting natural history which led to the establishment of museums. Science and Society 1. The rise of the national scientific community sought expansion of knowledge. 2. Creation of the modern scientific method; a new way of obtaining knowledge that is both experimental and theoretical. The Enlightenment The Emergence of the Enlightenment What is the Enlightenment? A period of philosophical, social and civil development in the 18th century. Three Main Concepts (1) Rationalism - Methods of science could be applied to understanding all aspects of life. (2) Social science - The scientific method could discover laws of human society. (3) Creation of better societies and better people.

7 People began to wonder whether religious truth could ever be known. Enlightenment thinkers wanted to go beyond antiquity. Pierre Bayle Bayle was a Huguenot well-known for his work Historical and Critical Dictionary which concluded that nothing can be ever known beyond all doubt, a view known as skepticism. Baruch Spinoza Spinoza is a Dutch Jewish philosopher who believed that the mind and body are united. He was excommunicated for his concept of a deterministic universe in which good and evil are relative values. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz Leibniz is a German philosopher and mathematician known for his optimistic view of the universe. John Locke Locke is a physician and member of the Royal Society, known for his theory about how human beings learn and form their ideas from experience ( Essay Concerning Human Understanding ). His work Two Treatises of Civil Government concluded the sovereignty of the Parliament against the authority of the Crown. The Influence of the Philosophes In the mid-eighteenth century, France became the center of Enlightenment thought, where a group of French intellectuals, or philosophes emerged. One of the greatest philosophes: Baron de Montesquieu His work The Persian Letters was an influential satire and considered the first major work of the Enlightenment.

8 Wrote The Spirit of Laws : studied republics, monarchs, despotism Stressed: Separation of powers Balance of power Who is Voltaire? Also known as François Marie Arouet. What did he do? Wrote volumes of work, mostly satire. Still believed in strong monarchy. Pushed for freedom of religion. Encyclopedia: The Rational Dictionary of the Sciences, the Arts, and the Crafts Goal : change the general way of thinking. Edited by Diderot and d Alembert who reached out to other philosophes to include their ideas in this work. The Encyclopedia was believed to have the power of improving society and the people. It widely read and extremely influential. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Contributed his articles on music to the Encyclopedia. Division of gender roles: women and men are different beings; women should be subordinate in social life. Afraid that other philosophes was plotting against him and broke with them. Contribution to The Social Contract 1. Governments govern with the consent of the general will. 2. Popular sovereignty: Sovereignty lies in the hands of the people. The International Enlightenment Enlightenment Outside of France 1. The Scottish Enlightenment emphasized common sense and scientific reasoning. a. Led to the creation of the first public education system.

9 b. David Hume - became a central figure who emphasized skepticism and civic morality. c. Adam Smith - attacked laws and regulations that prevented trade and commerce in his An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. 2. The British North America Enlightenment great influenced by Scottish and English thinkers. a. Idea of checks and balances would later on influence the American government. i. American Enlightenment Leaders: Benjamin Franklin & Thomas Jefferson 3. The Enlightenment in German-speaking states. a. Immanuel Kant - greatest German philosopher i. Separated science and morality into separate branches of knowledge. 4. The Northern European Enlightenment (Italy). a. Cesare Beccaria published On Crimes and Punishment in which he denounced the use of torture. Urban Culture and Life in the Public Sphere What is the Reading Revolution? A time period in Europe where literacy became more individual and silent and reading material was broad and diverse. The people read more book regarding the arts and sciences rather than religious and devotional books. Institutions and practices contributed to the spread of enlightened ideas: Salon - A regular meeting held by the upper class in; encouraged intellectual exchange of ideas on literature, science, and philosophy. Libraries - For those who could not afford books. + Coffeehouses, book clubs, debating societies, Masonic lodges, and newspapers

10 * The Enlightenment was accompanied by the rise of Rococo Art. Race and the Enlightenment Europeans believed that they are superior to barbaric peoples in Africa and the New World. Scientific racism stressed the inferior nature of other races which contributed to the growth of slavery. Some individuals was against slavery but only a minority. Enlightened Absolutism What is the Enlightened Absolutism? A term used to describe the rule of monarchs who adopted Enlightenment ideals of rationalism, progress, and tolerance. Frederick the Great of Prussia Believed more humane policies could strengthen the state. Allowed religious freedom (same for philosophical matters). Promoted education; improved schools and allowed scholars to publish their works. Abolished torture. Promoted reconstruction of agriculture and industry. Prussia became famous for their hard work and honesty. Maintained the social structure. Kept the serfs on his estates. Extended the privileges of the nobility Cameralism View that monarchy is the best form of government. Catherine the Great of Russian Killed Peter III and became Empress of Russia. I did not care about Peter, but I did care about the crown.

11 Greatly adored by the French philosophes. Catherine the Great had three main goals. 1: Continue westernizing Russia. Imported Western architects, musicians, and scholars. Patronized philosophes. Published Diderot s Encyclopedia (when the French government banned them). 2: Domestic reform Restricted practice of torture. Allowed limited religious toleration. Improved education and strengthen local government. 3: Territorial Expansion Takes control of Ukraine and the last descendants of the Mongols, the Crimean Tatars. Along with Prussia and Austria, they each compensate by taking a piece of polish territory. The Austrian Habsburgs Female Monarch: Maria Theresa Made reforms that strengthened the state. Church reform Limited papacy s influence. Eliminated religious holidays. Reduced number of monasteries. Administrative renovations Revamp the tax system; nobles were taxed. Improve agricultural population Reduced power of lords over serfs and (partially free) peasants. Joseph II became ruler. Abolished serfdom. Could use cash payments instead of paying through labor. Leopold II cancelled some of Joseph II s reforms.

12 Peasants had to do forced labor once again. Jewish Life and the Limits of Enlightened Absolutism What is the Haskalah? The Jewish Enlightenment led by Moses Mendelssohn. Who is Moses Mendelssohn? A Jewish Enlightenment philosopher who advocated for their freedom and civil rights. Most monarch disliked the idea of the emancipation of the Jews (Like Frederick the Great and Catherine the Great).

Chapter 17 - Toward a New World View

Chapter 17 - Toward a New World View Chapter 17 - Toward a New World View Name I. Major Breakthroughs of the Scientific Revolution a. Scientific Thought in 1500 What was natural philosophy? Explain the "Aristotelian" view of the universe

More information

Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment. Mrs. Brahe World History II

Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment. Mrs. Brahe World History II Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Mrs. Brahe World History II Objectives Describe how the Scientific Revolution gave Europeans a new way to view humankind's place in the universe Discuss how

More information

AP Euro Unit 5/C18 Assignment: A New World View

AP Euro Unit 5/C18 Assignment: A New World View AP Euro Unit 5/C18 Assignment: A New World View Be a History M.O.N.S.T.E.R! Vocabulary Overview Annotation The impact of science on the modern world is immeasurable. If the Greeks had said it all two thousand

More information

NAME DATE CLASS. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Lesson 1 The Scientific Revolution. Moscow

NAME DATE CLASS. The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Lesson 1 The Scientific Revolution. Moscow Lesson 1 The Scientific Revolution ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do new ideas change the way people live? GUIDING QUESTIONS 1. How were the scientific ideas of early thinkers passed on to later generations? 2.

More information

Ms. Oase Chapter 17 AP Euro Toward A New Worldview: Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

Ms. Oase Chapter 17 AP Euro Toward A New Worldview: Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment 1 Part One: Hub Dates Directions: Study the dates and accompanying information below. You will be quizzed on the information. All Hub Dates Exams are cumulative. 1540-1690 Scientific Revolution 1543 Copernicus,

More information

A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately below.

A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately below. AP European History Mr. Mercado (Rev. 08) Chapter 18 Toward a New World-View Name A. True or False Where the statement is true, mark T. Where it is false, mark F, and correct it in the space immediately

More information

The Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution

The Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution The Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution CHART #1: EVOLUTION OF ASTRONOMY YEARS THEORY RELIGIOUS IMPACT PTOLEMY COPERNICUS BRAHE KEPLER GALILEO Chart #2: Breakthroughs in Medicine

More information

APEH Chapter 6.notebook October 19, 2015

APEH Chapter 6.notebook October 19, 2015 Chapter 6 Scientific Revolution During the 16th and 17th centuries, a few European thinkers questioned classical and medieval beliefs about nature, and developed a scientific method based on reason and

More information

What did we just learn? Let s Review

What did we just learn? Let s Review What did we just learn? Let s Review Key Features of the Renaissance rise of humanism ( focus on ancient Greek and Roman civilization and the dignity and worth of the individual). independence and individualism

More information

Ideas of the Enlightenment

Ideas of the Enlightenment Ideas of the Enlightenment Freedom from oppression & Absolutism Freedom from slavery & needless Warfare Attacked medieval & feudal society Suspicious of superstition & church Supported free speech & religion

More information

APEH ch 14.notebook October 23, 2012

APEH ch 14.notebook October 23, 2012 Chapter 14 Scientific Revolution During the 16th and 17th centuries, a few European thinkers questioned classical and medieval beliefs about nature, and developed a scientific method based on reason and

More information

Notes on the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

Notes on the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Notes on the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Nature and Nature s law lay hid in night God said, Let Newton be, and all was light. Alexander Pope, Essay on Man 1734 I. Scientific Revolution

More information

Welcome back to WHAP! Monday, January 29, 2018

Welcome back to WHAP! Monday, January 29, 2018 Welcome back to WHAP! Monday, January 29, 2018 Turn your PERIOD 4 MAPS into the tray! We are studying the Scientific Revolution today. Be ready to take some notes. -> Choose an identity for tomorrow s

More information

The Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment The Age of Enlightenment By History.com, adapted by Newsela staff on 10.13.17 Word Count 927 Level 1040L A public lecture about a model solar system, with a lamp in place of the sun illuminating the faces

More information

A world redrawn: Galileo s Daughter:

A world redrawn: Galileo s Daughter: Readings. A world redrawn: Who was Copernicus and what was his claim to fame? How did he defend his beliefs? Galileo s Daughter: Give three important facts about Galileo s life with regards to the Scientific

More information

Background to Early Modern Philosophy. Philosophy 22 Fall, 2009 G. J. Mattey

Background to Early Modern Philosophy. Philosophy 22 Fall, 2009 G. J. Mattey Background to Early Modern Philosophy Philosophy 22 Fall, 2009 G. J. Mattey Modern Philosophy The modern period in Western philosophy began in the seventeenth century In its primary sense, modern philosophy

More information

2/8/ A New Way of Thinking: The Birth of Modern Science. Scientific Revolution

2/8/ A New Way of Thinking: The Birth of Modern Science. Scientific Revolution Robert W. Strayer Ways of the World: A Brief Global History First Edition CHAPTER XVI Religion and Science 1450 1750 Scientific Revolution A New Way of Thinking: The Birth of Modern Science The Scientific

More information

A New World of Reason and Reform ( ) The Scien=fic Revolu=on and the Enlightenment

A New World of Reason and Reform ( ) The Scien=fic Revolu=on and the Enlightenment A New World of Reason and Reform (1600-1800) The Scien=fic Revolu=on and the Enlightenment Merely Connect 1. To restore order in Europe in the 17 th century, European na=ons devised two new poli=cal systems:

More information

Galileo Galilei Sir Isaac Newton Laws of Gravity & Motion UNLOCKE YOUR MIND

Galileo Galilei Sir Isaac Newton Laws of Gravity & Motion UNLOCKE YOUR MIND UNLOCKE YOUR MIND THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN EUROPE 1650-1800 THE ENLIGHTENMENT IN EUROPE Enlightenment: intellectual movement Philosophes: Intellectual Thinkers Inspired by the Scientific Revolution: Apply

More information

Emergence of Modern Science

Emergence of Modern Science Chapter 16 Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: The Scientific Revolution and the Learning Objectives Emergence of Modern Science In this chapter, students will focus on: The developments during the Middle

More information

The Enlightenment in Europe

The Enlightenment in Europe Name Date CHAPTER 22 Section 2 RETEACHING ACTIVITY The Enlightenment in Europe Multiple Choice Choose the best answer for each item. Write the letter of your answer in the blank. 1. The new intellectual

More information

Toward a New Worldview

Toward a New Worldview CHAPTER 17 Toward a New Worldview 1540 1789 CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading and studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. Critique the changing attitudes toward the natural world

More information

The Enlightenment. Main Ideas. Key Terms

The Enlightenment. Main Ideas. Key Terms The Enlightenment Main Ideas Eighteenth-century intellectuals used the ideas of the Scientific Revolution to reexamine all aspects of life. People gathered in salons to discuss the ideas of the philosophes.

More information

The Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution I. What Was the Scientific Revolution? A revolution in human understanding and knowledge about the physical universe 17th century Began with Kepler, Galileo Ended with Newton

More information

Intermediate World History B. Unit 7: Changing Empires, Changing Ideas. Lesson 1: Elizabethan England and. North American Initiatives Pg.

Intermediate World History B. Unit 7: Changing Empires, Changing Ideas. Lesson 1: Elizabethan England and. North American Initiatives Pg. Intermediate World History B Unit 7: Changing Empires, Changing Ideas Lesson 1: Elizabethan England and North American Initiatives Pg. 273-289 Lesson 2: England: Civil War and Empire Pg. 291-307 Lesson

More information

What. A New Way of Thinking...modern consciousness.

What. A New Way of Thinking...modern consciousness. A New Way of Thinking...modern consciousness. What The Renaissance and the Reformation facilitated the breakdown of the medieval worldview. The physical world could be managed and understood by people.

More information

Answer the following in your notebook:

Answer the following in your notebook: Answer the following in your notebook: Explain to what extent you agree with the following: 1. At heart people are generally rational and make well considered decisions. 2. The universe is governed by

More information

Chapter 17 The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought

Chapter 17 The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought Chapter 17 The Age of Enlightenment: Eighteenth-Century Thought The Ideas of Isaac Newton His law of universal gravitation showed the power of the human mind Encouraged natural philosophers to approach

More information

1/28/2015. I. The Scientific Revolution. d. Major scientific figures either studied or taught at universities. AP Euro Unit 4.1

1/28/2015. I. The Scientific Revolution. d. Major scientific figures either studied or taught at universities. AP Euro Unit 4.1 AP Euro Unit 4.1 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION, THE ENLIGHTENMENT, & ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM I. The Scientific Revolution A. Medieval view of the world 1. Primarily religious and theological 2. Political theory

More information

The Age of Exploration led people to believe that truth had yet to be discovered The Scientific Revolution questioned accepted beliefs and witnessed

The Age of Exploration led people to believe that truth had yet to be discovered The Scientific Revolution questioned accepted beliefs and witnessed The Enlightenment The Age of Exploration led people to believe that truth had yet to be discovered The Scientific Revolution questioned accepted beliefs and witnessed the use of reason to explain the laws

More information

Understanding the Enlightenment Reading & Questions

Understanding the Enlightenment Reading & Questions Understanding the Enlightenment Reading & Questions The word Enlightenment refers to a change in outlook among many educated Europeans that began during the 1600s. The new outlook put great trust in reason

More information

THE AGE OF REASON PART II: THE ENLIGHTENMENT

THE AGE OF REASON PART II: THE ENLIGHTENMENT THE AGE OF REASON PART II: THE ENLIGHTENMENT 1700-1789 I BACKGROUND: 1. Refers to an intellectual movement, which stood for rationalist, liberal, humanitarian, and scientific trends of thought. The erosion

More information

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT. Chapter 10

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT. Chapter 10 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT Chapter 10 Learning Goals You will be able to describe each person from the scientific revolution and enlightenment and their contributions to the world You will

More information

Name: Date: Period: Chapter 17 Reading Guide The Transformation of the West, p

Name: Date: Period: Chapter 17 Reading Guide The Transformation of the West, p Name: Date: Period: Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Reading Guide The Transformation of the West, 1450-1750 p.380-398 Using the maps on page 384 (Map 17.1) and 387 (Map 17.2): Mark Protestant countries with a P

More information

Chapter Focus Section 1 New Scientific Ideas Section 2 Impact of Science Section 3 Triumph of Reason Chapter Assessment.

Chapter Focus Section 1 New Scientific Ideas Section 2 Impact of Science Section 3 Triumph of Reason Chapter Assessment. Presentation Plus! World History: The Human Experience Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Developed by FSCreations, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Send all inquiries to: GLENCOE DIVISION Glencoe/McGraw-Hill

More information

CH 15: Cultural Transformations: Religion & Science, Enlightenment

CH 15: Cultural Transformations: Religion & Science, Enlightenment CH 15: Cultural Transformations: Religion & Science, 1450-1750 Enlightenment What was the social, cultural, & political, impact of the Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment? The Scientific Revolution was

More information

The Renaissance. The Rebirth of European Progress

The Renaissance. The Rebirth of European Progress The Renaissance The Rebirth of European Progress The Collapse of Rome and the Middle Ages When the western portion of the Roman Empire collapsed, much of the European continent entered a period of disunity

More information

In 730, the Byzantine Emperor banned the use of icons. The Pope was outraged to hear that the Byzantine Emperor painted over a painting of Jesus.

In 730, the Byzantine Emperor banned the use of icons. The Pope was outraged to hear that the Byzantine Emperor painted over a painting of Jesus. 1 In 730, the Byzantine Emperor banned the use of icons. The Pope was outraged to hear that the Byzantine Emperor painted over a painting of Jesus. The Byzantine Emperor and the Pope continued to disagree

More information

World History II Exam I Outline Scientific Revolution

World History II Exam I Outline Scientific Revolution World History II Exam I Outline Scientific Revolution Ptolemy Geocentric universe Nicolaus Copernicus Heliocentric Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei -Isaac Newton Three laws of Motion Laws of Gravity Medicine

More information

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT AP European History: Unit 4.1 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT I. The Scientific Revolution A. Medieval view of the world 1. Primarily religious and theological 2. Political theory based on divine

More information

The Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment The Age of Enlightenment Path to the Enlightenment 18th century philosophical movement by those greatly impressed with the scientific revolution Use systematic logic and reason to solve the problems of

More information

1. Which of these best explains deism? (a) God exists and maintains a hands-on involvement in day-to-day events and individual lives. (b) God exists and set things in motion, but does not perform miracles

More information

Chapter 16 Reading Guide The Transformation of the West, PART IV THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD, : THE WORLD SHRINKS (PG.

Chapter 16 Reading Guide The Transformation of the West, PART IV THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD, : THE WORLD SHRINKS (PG. Name: Due Date: Chapter 16 Reading Guide The Transformation of the West, 1450-1750 PART IV THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD, 1450-1750: THE WORLD SHRINKS (PG. 354-361) 1. The title for this unit is The World Shrinks

More information

The Age of Enlightenment: Philosophes

The Age of Enlightenment: Philosophes Era of Revolutions The Age of Enlightenment: Philosophes The Characteristics of the Enlightenment 1. Rationalism reason is the arbiter of all things. 2. Cosmology a new concept of man, his existence on

More information

What intellectual developments led to the emergence of the Enlightenment? In what type of social environment did the philosophes thrive, and what

What intellectual developments led to the emergence of the Enlightenment? In what type of social environment did the philosophes thrive, and what The Enlightenment Focus Questions: What intellectual developments led to the emergence of the Enlightenment? In what type of social environment did the philosophes thrive, and what role did women play

More information

Experiment with an Air Pump Joseph Wright

Experiment with an Air Pump Joseph Wright Experiment with an Air Pump Joseph Wright The Enlightenment The Enlightenment was an 18 th Century intellectual movement primarily among the upper and upper-middle class philosophes, that stressed the

More information

1. Base your answer to the question on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

1. Base your answer to the question on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies. 1. Base your answer to the question on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies. Which period began as a result of the actions shown in this cartoon? A) Italian Renaissance B) Protestant

More information

European Culture and Politics ca Objective: Examine events from the Middle Ages to the mid-1700s from multiple perspectives.

European Culture and Politics ca Objective: Examine events from the Middle Ages to the mid-1700s from multiple perspectives. European Culture and Politics ca. 1750 Objective: Examine events from the Middle Ages to the mid-1700s from multiple perspectives. What s wrong with this picture??? What s wrong with this picture??? The

More information

Name: Period: 10 points Scientific Revolution / Enlightenment Study Guide

Name: Period: 10 points Scientific Revolution / Enlightenment Study Guide 1. Define Scientific Revolution. Name: Period: 10 points Scientific Revolution / Enlightenment Study Guide 2. Name the scientist who incorporated scientific thought with philosophy and helped develop the

More information

Teacher Overview Objectives: European Culture and Politics ca. 1750

Teacher Overview Objectives: European Culture and Politics ca. 1750 Teacher Overview Objectives: European Culture and Politics ca. 1750 Objective 1. Examine events from the Middle Ages to the mid-1700s from multiple perspectives. Guiding Question and Activity Description

More information

Mini-Unit #2. Enlightenment

Mini-Unit #2. Enlightenment 1 Mini-Unit #2 Enlightenment (new ideas) Assessment: Determine which 2 Enlightenment thinkers had the most impact on the rights of people. Defend your choices with specific evidence from the background

More information

Enlightenment Challenges Society

Enlightenment Challenges Society Enlightenment Challenges Society Religion Church = Freedom Limiting Institution Most philosophes anticlerical (against influence of a hierarchical, institutional Church organization) Not necessarily against

More information

World Civilizations. The Transformation of the West. The Transformation of the West. The Global Experience AP* Sixth Edition

World Civilizations. The Transformation of the West. The Transformation of the West. The Global Experience AP* Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience AP* Sixth Edition Chapter 17 The Transformation of the West, 1450-1750 The Transformation of the West The Transformation of the West I. The Renaissance II. The

More information

The Enlightenment. Reason Natural Law Hope Progress

The Enlightenment. Reason Natural Law Hope Progress The Enlightenment Reason Natural Law Hope Progress Enlightenment Discuss: What comes to your mind when you think of enlightenment? Enlightenment Movement of intellectuals who were greatly impressed with

More information

Supplemental Material 2a: The Proto-psychologists. In this presentation, we will have a short review of the Scientific Revolution and the

Supplemental Material 2a: The Proto-psychologists. In this presentation, we will have a short review of the Scientific Revolution and the Supplemental Material 2a: The Proto-psychologists Introduction In this presentation, we will have a short review of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment period. Thus, we will briefly examine

More information

Enlightenment Scientific Rev.

Enlightenment Scientific Rev. Frederick Douglass Academy Mr. Murphy 1. In Emile, Rousseau A) propagated his views on the Social Contract B) called for a natural education free of institutional encumbrances C) denounced the theories

More information

THE ENLIGHTENMENT. Contents

THE ENLIGHTENMENT. Contents UNIT 3 THE ENLIGHTENMENT Contents 3.0 Objectives 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Major Events during this Period 3.3 Aspects of Enlightenment Culture and Philosophy 3.4 Major Figures during the Enlightenment 3.5

More information

Small Group Assignment 8: Science Replaces Scholasticism

Small Group Assignment 8: Science Replaces Scholasticism Unit 7: The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment 1 Small Group Assignment 8: Science Replaces Scholasticism Scholastics were medieval theologians and philosophers who focused their efforts on protecting

More information

Name: Class: Date: The Enlightenment and Revolutions: Reading Essentials and Study Guide: Lesson 2

Name: Class: Date: The Enlightenment and Revolutions: Reading Essentials and Study Guide: Lesson 2 Reading Essentials and Study Guide The Enlightenment and Revolutions Lesson 2 The Ideas of the Enlightenment ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Why do new ideas often spark change? How do new ways of thinking affect

More information

A Quick Review of the Scientific Method Transcript

A Quick Review of the Scientific Method Transcript Screen 1: Marketing Research is based on the Scientific Method. A quick review of the Scientific Method, therefore, is in order. Text based slide. Time Code: 0:00 A Quick Review of the Scientific Method

More information

AP World History 12/9/2014. Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West Chapter Notes

AP World History 12/9/2014. Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West Chapter Notes AP World History Chapter 17: The Transformation of the West Chapter Notes The Italian Renaissance: Starts Italy due to independence of Italian City-states, there was a Northern Renaissance as well (based

More information

POLI 342: MODERN WESTERN POLITICAL THOUGHT

POLI 342: MODERN WESTERN POLITICAL THOUGHT POLI 342: MODERN WESTERN POLITICAL THOUGHT THE POLITICS OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1685-1815) Lecturers: Dr. E. Aggrey-Darkoh, Department of Political Science Contact Information: eaggrey-darkoh@ug.edu.gh College

More information

DBQ FOCUS: The Scientific Revolution

DBQ FOCUS: The Scientific Revolution NAME: DATE: CLASS: DBQ FOCUS: The Scientific Revolution Document-Based Question Format Directions: The following question is based on the accompanying Documents (The documents have been edited for the

More information

Outline Map. Europe About Name Class Date

Outline Map. Europe About Name Class Date W N S E Name Class Date Outline Map Europe About 1600 Directions: Locate and label the following cities and countries that were important during the Reformation: Scotland, England, Spain, France, Norway,

More information

French Absolutism, Enlightenment, & Revolution!

French Absolutism, Enlightenment, & Revolution! French Absolutism, Enlightenment, & Revolution! Outcome: The Enlightenment 1 Constructive Response Questions 2. What was the Enlightenment and who were some of the key contributors? 2 What Will We Learn?

More information

12.0 IDEAS AND THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE 01/11/2017. In this outcome we will:

12.0 IDEAS AND THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE 01/11/2017. In this outcome we will: Unit 1 Social Studies 2211 October 2017 12.0 IDEAS AND THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE In this outcome we will: 12.1 describe the worldview of Western Europeans during the mid-to-late Middle Ages 12.2 explain the

More information

Enlightenment Web Project Mr. O Grady

Enlightenment Web Project Mr. O Grady Date Assigned: Date Due: Enlightenment Thinkers Project for the Class Website You will select, at random, an enlightenment figure that has impacted out world. These men and woman impacted and altered the

More information

Honors World History Midterm Review

Honors World History Midterm Review Name Period Date Honors World History Midterm Review Your midterm will be given in two sections: DBQ (there will be 3 short documents and 1 essential question to answer) and multiple choice (45 items total,

More information

Philippe Aries. Francesco Petrarch

Philippe Aries. Francesco Petrarch Philippe Aries Wrote Centuries in Childhood Argued that pre-modern Western children were treated differently then modern children Art begin portraying children as active participants in the family Francesco

More information

1997 DBQ: Participation of Women in Sciences 1

1997 DBQ: Participation of Women in Sciences 1 AP European History! Mr. Walters 1997 DBQ: Participation of Women in Sciences 1 Task: Analyze and discuss attitudes and reactions toward the participation of women in the sciences during the seventeenth

More information

Chapter 13; Section 1 Main Ideas. Main Idea #3: Renaissance Writing varied greatly in terms of types: -- Machiavellian

Chapter 13; Section 1 Main Ideas. Main Idea #3: Renaissance Writing varied greatly in terms of types: -- Machiavellian Chapter 13; Section 1 Main Ideas Main Idea #1: The Renaissance or Rebirth was a time of political, economic, social, and cultural change Main Idea #2: Renaissance Art focused on realism, using perspective,

More information

Ch. 21 in class. Tell me what you think an ABSOLUTE RULER is! (Opener) Think of the word ABSOLUTE carefully!

Ch. 21 in class. Tell me what you think an ABSOLUTE RULER is! (Opener) Think of the word ABSOLUTE carefully! Ch. 21 in class Tell me what you think an ABSOLUTE RULER is! (Opener) Think of the word ABSOLUTE carefully! Ch. 21 - Objectives To understand the meaning of ABSOLUTISM! To identify Absolute Rulers and

More information

Chapter 4: The Exchange of Ideas (Pg. 78)

Chapter 4: The Exchange of Ideas (Pg. 78) Chapter 4: The Exchange of Ideas (Pg. 78) Inquiry question: How did the Renaissance spark the growth and exchange of ideas across Europe???? Chapter Overview You will learn the influence that the exchange

More information

BLHS-108 Enlightenment, Revolution and Democracy Fall 2017 Mondays 6:30-10:05pm Room: C215

BLHS-108 Enlightenment, Revolution and Democracy Fall 2017 Mondays 6:30-10:05pm Room: C215 Catherine McKenna, Ph.D. cjm22@georgetown.edu BLHS-108 Enlightenment, Revolution and Democracy Fall 2017 Mondays 6:30-10:05pm Room: C215 Office hours 5:30-6:30 Mondays and by appointment Course Description:

More information

EMPIRICISM & EMPIRICAL PHILOSOPHY

EMPIRICISM & EMPIRICAL PHILOSOPHY EMPIRICISM & EMPIRICAL PHILOSOPHY One of the most remarkable features of the developments in England was the way in which the pioneering scientific work was influenced by certain philosophers, and vice-versa.

More information

Chapter 13. Reformation. Renaissance

Chapter 13. Reformation. Renaissance Renaissance " French for rebirth" Developed after the crusades when the ideas of humanism created an environment of curiosity and new interest in the individual Chapter 13 Renaissance and Reformation,

More information

Why Do Freemasons Keep Secrets?

Why Do Freemasons Keep Secrets? Why Do Freemasons Keep Secrets? Brother Steve Fetherman 32º Master Mason Gulf Beach Lodge No. 291 In the Beautiful City of Madeira Beach, Florida 6 February 2014 Why do Freemasons Keep Secrets? For Many

More information

The Enlightenment. Dare to know! Have the courage to use your own intelligence! ~ Immanuel Kant

The Enlightenment. Dare to know! Have the courage to use your own intelligence! ~ Immanuel Kant The Enlightenment Dare to know! Have the courage to use your own intelligence! ~ Immanuel Kant The Enlightenment Key Concepts: Reason Natural law Progress Liberty Happiness The Enlightenment Essential

More information

The Enlightenment c

The Enlightenment c 1 The Enlightenment c.1700-1800 The Age of Reason Siecle de Lumiere: The Century of Light Also called the Age of Reason Scholarly dispute over time periods and length of era. What was it? Progressive,

More information

2. The father of the Protestant Reformation was a. b) John Calvin. b. d) René Descartes. c. c) Henry VIII. d. a) Martin Luther.

2. The father of the Protestant Reformation was a. b) John Calvin. b. d) René Descartes. c. c) Henry VIII. d. a) Martin Luther. 1. Which statement best describes the world of Christianity in 1500 C.E.? a. b) It was on the defensive against an expanding Islamic worl a) It was rapidly expanding into Africa and Asia. c) It was for

More information

René Descartes ( ) PSY 3360 / CGS 3325 Historical Perspectives on Psychology Minds and Machines since Descartes

René Descartes ( ) PSY 3360 / CGS 3325 Historical Perspectives on Psychology Minds and Machines since Descartes PSY 3360 / CGS 3325 Historical Perspectives on Psychology Minds and Machines since 1600 René Descartes (1596-1650) Dr. Peter Assmann Spring 2018 French mathematician, philosopher, and physiologist Descartes

More information

Locke Resource Card. Quotes from Locke s Works

Locke Resource Card. Quotes from Locke s Works Locke Resource Card John Locke was a British philosopher who lived from 1632-1704. In 1690 Locke published one of his more famous books, The Second Treatise of Civil Government. The book addressed many

More information

THE PHILOSOPHES. Rousseau

THE PHILOSOPHES. Rousseau THE PHILOSOPHES Voltaire Montesquieu Rousseau Philosophes - public intellectuals dedicated to solving the problems of the World - wrote for a broad, educated public audience - fought to eradicate bigotry,

More information

Absolutism in Europe

Absolutism in Europe Absolutism in Europe 1300-1800 rope Spain lost territory and money. The Netherlands split from Spain and grew rich from trade. France was Europe s most powerful country, where king Louis XIV ruled with

More information

The Age of Enlightenment (or simply the Enlightenment or Age of Reason) was a cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe, that sought

The Age of Enlightenment (or simply the Enlightenment or Age of Reason) was a cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe, that sought The Age of Enlightenment (or simply the Enlightenment or Age of Reason) was a cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe, that sought to mobilize the power of reason in order to reform society

More information

Carefully analyze the image in the Introduction of the Student Text. As you discuss the questions below with your class, record your answers.

Carefully analyze the image in the Introduction of the Student Text. As you discuss the questions below with your class, record your answers. The Enlightenment I N T E R A C T I V E S T U D E N T N O T E B O O K How have the ideas of the Enlightenment influenced modern government? P R E V I E W Carefully analyze the image in the Introduction

More information

Science and the Enlightenment

Science and the Enlightenment Science and the Enlightenment explorable.com /science-and-enlightenment While the Renaissance, with its roots in Christian art and doctrine, created solid foundations for the flourishing of art, architecture,

More information

MECHANISM AND MEDICINE. Basic idea: DesCartes ( ): Man as a Machine

MECHANISM AND MEDICINE. Basic idea: DesCartes ( ): Man as a Machine MECHANISM AND MEDICINE Man as a Machine Basic idea: The cosmos is a machine, made up of small parts, functioning mechanically Each part has shape, size, quantity, and motion. Motion is transferred, and

More information

RENAISSANCE: A CHANGING SOCIETY

RENAISSANCE: A CHANGING SOCIETY RENAISSANCE: A CHANGING SOCIETY SOCIETY AND THE ARTS The ARTS LITERATURE TOO!! REVIEW: - In the early Renaissance, writers focused on translating the works of Romans and Greeks and copying their styles.

More information

WORLD HISTORY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Covering All Material Studied During the 3 rd and 4 th Quarters of the School Year

WORLD HISTORY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Covering All Material Studied During the 3 rd and 4 th Quarters of the School Year WORLD HISTORY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE Covering All Material Studied During the 3 rd and 4 th Quarters of the 2016-2017 School Year 56 Multiple Choice Questions x 2 Points Each = 112 Points 3 Short Answer

More information

Lesson 40 Science and Reason

Lesson 40 Science and Reason Lesson 40 Science and Reason Challenge God s Truth The Scientific Revolution The period between 1300 and 1600 was a time of great change in Europe. The Renaissance, a rebirth of learning and the arts,

More information

Definition, Location, Family, & Culture

Definition, Location, Family, & Culture RENAISSANCE Review Definition, Location, Family, & Culture Renaissance - a period of creativity, of new ideas and inspirations, is called the Renaissance(1400 s). Renaissance began in Italy (cities of

More information

Study Questions to accompany UNIVERSAL HISTORY OF THE WORLD Published by Golden Press, 1966 THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT VOLUME

Study Questions to accompany UNIVERSAL HISTORY OF THE WORLD Published by Golden Press, 1966 THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT VOLUME Study Questions to accompany UNIVERSAL HISTORY OF THE WORLD Published by Golden Press, 1966 THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT VOLUME 10 1543 1789 Questions compiled by Karen North, 2002 *permission is given for

More information

CHAPTER 17 The Transformation of the West

CHAPTER 17 The Transformation of the West CHAPTER 17 The Transformation of the West 1450-1750 CHAPTER SUMMARY This chapter is about big changes in western Europe during the early modern period. The core areas of Western civilization changed dramatically

More information

Democratic Enlightenment

Democratic Enlightenment Democratic Enlightenment Philosophy, Revolution, and Human Rights 1750-1790 JONATHAN I. ISRAEL OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents List of Plates List of Abbreviations xiii xv 1. Introduction 1 1. Defining

More information

The Problem of Normativity

The Problem of Normativity The Problem of Normativity facts moral judgments Enlightenment Legacy Two thoughts emerge from the Enlightenment in the17th and 18th centuries that shape the ideas of the Twentieth Century I. Normativity

More information

Galileo Galilei. In Context: Compare 8/15/2014. Or: How a telescope can get you into trouble

Galileo Galilei. In Context: Compare 8/15/2014. Or: How a telescope can get you into trouble Galileo Galilei Or: How a telescope can get you into trouble This logo denotes A102 appropriate In Context: These changes, Copernicus through Galileo, all occurred during the Renaissance Roots in the 13

More information

Robert Kiely Office Hours: Tuesday 1-3, Wednesday 1-3, and by appointment

Robert Kiely Office Hours: Tuesday 1-3, Wednesday 1-3, and by appointment A History of Philosophy: Nature, Certainty, and the Self Fall, 2018 Robert Kiely oldstuff@imsa.edu Office Hours: Tuesday 1-3, Wednesday 1-3, and by appointment Description How do we know what we know?

More information

Church Architectural Styles: Neoclassicism

Church Architectural Styles: Neoclassicism Church Architectural Styles: Neoclassicism Neoclassicism was a widespread and influential movement in the visual arts that began in the 1760s, reached its height in the 1780s and '90s, and lasted until

More information

The Dark Side of the Enlightenment

The Dark Side of the Enlightenment The Dark Side of the Enlightenment By Yoram Hazony, May 6, 2018 A lot of people are selling Enlightenment these days. After the Brexit vote and the election of President Trump, David Brooks published a

More information