Introduction to Philosophy Practice Exam Two. True or False A = True, B= False

Transcription

1 Introduction to Philosophy Practice Exam Two True or False A = True, B= False 1. The objective aspect of an object's beauty is called "admirable beauty." 2. An apparent good is something you need. 3. St. Thomas Aquinas said, "The beautiful is that which gives us pleasure upon being seen." 4. According to Dr. Adler happiness consists in having obtained all the goods that everyone ought to want. 5. For Plato, the realm of ideas (the forms) are less real than those things seen in the visible world. 6. Because people were treated differently when the Declaration Of Independence was written, we know that the claim, "All men are created equal" must be relative. 7. The term "blind faith" is redundant, because all faith by definition is blind. 8. The words, "In my opinion" show that the claim is subjective., 9. If you truly believe anything, then it is "true for you." 10. While archeologists don't know the exact number, it is known that Socrates wrote at least 15 different treatises. 11. Every need is a right desire. 12. Some moral goods are universal regardless of belief or understanding. 13. Appreciation of beauty is an intellectual act. 14. For Plato ideas have ontological status. 15. A claim can be normative, objective, absolute, and false, all at the same time. 16. Value judgments express nothing more than individual likes or dislikes, desires or aversions. 17. There are no degrees of objective truth. A statement is either true or false. 18. The objective aspect of an object's beauty is called "enjoyable beauty." 19. For Plato a particular horse that can be seen and touched is more real than the idea of a horse. Page 1

2 20. Aristotle argued that all individual entities are "reflections" or receptacles of their corresponding eternal Forms. 21. For Aristotle, actuality is a characteristic of form (being). 22. Potentiality must precede actuality. 23. For Plato, all substance is a combination of form AND matter. 24. Real goods are relative to individual desires and are, therefore, subjective. 25. An implication of cultural relativism is that there could be no immoral societies. Multiple Choice Select the best answer. 26. Being a law unto oneself is called. A. liberty B. license C. freedom D. autonomy E. all of the above 27. The claim, "Slavery is wrong," is: A. true, because most people agree that slavery is wrong. B. is true because of an inherent nature of human beings. C. can never truly be proven one way or the other. D. is false. E. a matter of opinion. 28. Unalienable rights are: A. given to people by their government. B. relative to a culture. C. inherent in the nature of human beings. D. are not real but are ideal, so they can never be truly protected. E. both b) and d) 29. "Every claim is either true or false." This is the definition of... A. Subjectivism B. The categorical imperative C. The law of the excluded middle. D. Objectivism Page 2

3 30. Regarding moral truth: A. The truth lies in conformity to what one wants. B. The truth lies in what is accepted by the group. C. The word "truth" is inappropriate, because morality is subjective. D. The truth lies in conformity to right desire. 31. Who taught that the look of an object is eternally separate from the object itself? A. Parmenides B. Plato C. Zeno D. Heraclitus E. Aristotle 32. According to Dr. Adler, real good corresponds to: A. a need. B. a want. C. a desire. D. an apparent good. 33. What does Plato mean by "forms"? What is their relationship to visible reality? A. For each thing, there is a corresponding perfect form. B. For each ideal, there is a corresponding higher ideal. C. Forms are the first things created by God. D. Forms are unimportant in the discussion of reality. 34. Plato is best described as: A. an idealist. B. a realist. C. a pragmatic philosopher. D. both a realist and an idealist. 35. Which of the following are subjective? (Fill in all the bubbles that apply.) A. Whether or not the earth is the center of the universe. B. Whether or not you prefer steak over chicken. C. Whether or not Donald Trump is evil. D. Whether or not abortion should be practiced. E. Whether or not President Obama was born in the United States. 36. Some claims appeal to perception. In other words, one can know if the claim is true or false only AFTER experience. This kind of claim is best described as: A. subjective B. absolute C. immutable D. a posteriori Page 3

4 37. The essence of tragedy is: A. sadness B. the conflict of goods. C. the pursuit of happiness. D. the selection of a bad choice when an obvious good choice was available. E. none of the above. 38. Under what circumstance can you make moral judgments about others? A. When you really understand what's good for you. B. When you become a philosophy professor. C. It is never reasonable to make moral judments about others. D. When you understand the common human nature that everyone shares. E. Both A. and D. 39. For Plato, which is the most real? A. A picture of a chair. B. The idea of a chair. C. An particular chair. D. The definition of a chair. 40. According to Plato, what is the lowest grade of cognitive activity? A. Confusion B. Thought C. Imagination D. Belief 41. What does Plato mean to illustrate with the allegory of the cave? A. The effects of education on the soul. B. The effects of the intelligible realm on the soul. C. The effects of the visible realm on the soul D. The stages of moral development though which a philosopher king must pass. 42. An essential problem with the incorrect theories of truth is that they all... A. fail to explain the existence of the supernateral. B. are self-refuting C. prove the validity of the other ones. 43. According to tradition, what did the sign say at the entrance of Plato's academy? A. Let none but philosophers enter here. B. Let none but geometers enter here. C. Enter ye in at the strait gate for wide is the gate, and broad is the way that leadeth to destruction. D. Abandon all hope, ye who enter here. Page 4

5 44. 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233,377,610,987,1597,2584,4 181,6765,10946,17711,28657,46368,75025,121393,196418,... A. Socrates' mathematical proof for objective truth. B. Zeno's proof that Achilles can never catch up to the hare. C. The Fibonacci Sequence D. This shows that there is an objective aspect to beauty. E. Both C and D. 45. Two propositions are if they cannot both be true and they cannot both be false. In other words, the statements have opposite truth values. A. contraries B. subalterns C. subcontraries D. contradictories 46. Which man was the famous student of Aristotle? A. Plato B. Protagoras C. Aquinas D. Alexander the Great E. Zeno 47. Which is NOT true of Aristotle's conception of form? A. Being and becoming are found in each individual entity. B. The matter is that which changes and is the locus of potential. C. Everything has two components: Matter and Form. D. The form is the eternal being. E. Matter is less real than form. 48. Which of the following is NOT possible? A. Pure actuality B. Being as actuality and being as potentiality corresponding. C. The gradual actualization of the potential as caused something else that is actual. D. Pure potentiality 49. The idea that universals are not things, but names is called: A. Tabula rasa B. A priori C. Realism D. Existentialism E. Nominalism 50. Which of the following is NOT an example of an acciden of men: A. Fat B. Human C. Asian D. Tall E. Rich Page 5

6 51. Discuss the difference between real goods and apparent goods. (5 points) 52. What does it mean for something to be "self-evident"? The The world. The The world. 53. Plato's Simile of the Line: 1) Fill in the blanks in the above diagram. 2) Explain it in such a way that it is clear that you understand it. Note: Just filling in the diagram is worth four points. If you adequately answer the second part, you can earn up to five extra credit points. (ten points +) 54. What does a priori mean? What does a posteriori mean? 55. What is the contrary of "All mass cults are kinetic art"? Page 6

7 56. What is the contradictory of "Some Presidents are former movie actors"? 57. What is the superaltern of "Some CIA employees are defectors"? 58. Additional material you should study: 1. Be able to lay out the Square of Opposition, including each of the four statements in their proper position, understand their quantity and quality, identify each of the relationships (contradictory, contrary, subcontrary, and subalterns). Recognize the relationship of quantity and quality for each pair,and know the possible truth relationships (for example, for contradictories, one is true and one is false). 2. Understand the Allegory of the Cave. 3. Explain the Aristotle's Four Causes (if we get to it). Page 7

8 Answer Key for Test Intro Practice Test 2 F18, 10/26/18 No. in Q-Bank No. on Test Correct Answer T F T T F F F F F F T T T T T F T p False F F T F F F T Dutonomy Is true because of an inherent nature of human beings Inherent in the nature of human beings Law of the excluded middle The truth lies in conformity to right desire Plato D need For each thing, there is a corresponding perfect form Aoth a realist and an idealist Whether or not you prefer steak over chicken A posteriori The conflict of goods. (When one must embrace a certain amount of evil in order to gain the good they want.) Both A and D The idea of a chair Imagination The effects of education on the soul Are self-refuting Let none but geometers enter here Both C and D Contradictories Blexander the Great Matter is less real than form Page 1

9 Answer Key for Test Intro Practice Test 2 F18, 10/26/18 No. in Q-Bank No. on Test Correct Answer Pure potentiality Nominalism Human See the book ? See chart in the lecture notes on Plato ? No mass cults are kinetic art No Presidents are former movie actors All CIA employees are defectors ? Page 2