AP English III LANGUAGE & COMPOSITION Summer Reading Assignment

Transcription

1 AP English III LANGUAGE & COMPOSITION Summer Reading Assignment SYNOPSES You will need to purchase your own copy of Thank You for Arguing: What Aristotle, Lincoln, and Homer Simpson Can Teach Us About the Art of Persuasion (Revised and Updated Edition) by Jay Heinrichs (ISBN: / 2013). We will be using this book throughout the year. Thank You for Arguing by Jay Heinrichs covers the core rhetorical teachings of Aristotle and Cicero, but Heinrichs does it entirely using modern examples, drawing on political, marketing, workplace, and cultural references, as well as his own family arguments. One paragraph discusses Socrates; the next discusses Sherlock Holmes. The balance between formal lessons and practical examples makes the book highly valuable and applicable to everyday speaking and writing. Among other things, you will learn: A deeper understanding of ethos, pathos, and logos Many figures of speech How to recognize strong and weak logical arguments How to recognize (and use, or defend against) persuasive techniques How to construct a persuasive language in speaking and writing RATIONALE AP Language and Composition centralizes the study of the analytical reading and the both spoken and written application of rhetoric. What is rhetoric you might ask? Good question! And one that we will continue to address throughout the course of this upcoming year! Often times, people tend to view rhetoric simply as a writer or speaker s ability to persuade their audience. But, rhetoric is this and so much more. It is a power over language that - if one possesses - can allow that writer or speaker to win over an intended audience in almost any situation. The purpose of this summer reading assignment is to introduce some fundamental rhetorical terms in a fun way. Also, the assignment aims to spark your critical reading and thinking skills with a mesmerizing and relatable text. 1

2 ASSIGNMENT Read Jay Heinrichs, Thank You for Arguing. Heinrichs text enlightens the novice rhetorician about the strategies and techniques involved when creating and sustaining an argument. This is your copy I expect to see book annotations, highlighting, etc. when you return in the fall. We will refer to this text throughout the year. Answer in a thorough and intelligent manner the questions provided in this packet for each chapter of the book. Grammar and punctuation will always be counted toward your final grade, especially for an AP course. Therefore, it is imperative that you edit your responses and, if possible, have someone else read your written work to ensure that you haven t compiled run-on sentences, misspelled several words, or failed to correctly punctuate your sentences. The summer assignment will provide you with the first grade of the fall semester. If you fail to complete the summer assignment you will be moved back into the regular English III class. REQUIRMENTS Must be typed (include the question # with each response) MLA format (See the O.W.L. Purdue website for the latest information on MLA format) 1 inch margins 12 point font Times New Roman Double-spaced Include a title Heading in upper left hand corner Running header (Last name, page #) in upper right hand corner of each page ASSESSMENT There will be 100 point exam over Thank You For Arguing the first week of the fall semester. Heinrichs introduces an overwhelming amount of rhetorical vocabulary throughout the text and in the margins. Read and absorb this information. But, know that you do not need to know all of these terms for the exam. However, you should study and know the main vocabulary central to each chapter focus. Should you have any questions or concerns about the AP Summer Reading Assignment, feel free to Mrs. Brisco at sbrisco@newkirk.k12.ok.us over the summer. 2

3 Thank You for Arguing Jay Heinrichs Thank You for Arguing: What Aristotle, Lincoln, and Homer Simpson Can Teach Us About the Art of Persuasion Jay Heinrichs (ISBN-13: ) 2013 Assignment: You will read Chapters 1-17 and 20 and complete the attached study guide questions. Keep in mind that some of the topics Heinrichs uses for examples are just that: examples. Additionally, it is imperative that you read the chapters in their entirety, as you will be working with these terms and concepts throughout the year. Directions: Please answer questions fully using complete sentences on a separate document. You will submit this assignment in your English class during the first week of school. Introduction Chapter Open Your Eyes 1) Define Rhetoric. 2) Why does Heinrichs include the very brief summary/history of rhetorical study? Offense Chapter 2 Set Your Goals 3) What is the difference between fighting and arguing? 4) What does persuasion try to do? 5) What is a deliberative argument? (Hint: You ll have to use context clues to build your definition.) 6) Why should you only concede a point that will not damage your case/argument irreparably. 7) What are Cicero s 3 goals for persuading people? 8) How does changing the mood help your argument? Chapter 3 Control the Tense 9) What are the three types of issues established by Aristotle? Why are knowing these important? 10) What is it important to establish what core issue you are arguing about? 11) How can changing the tense (past, present, future) help you be more successful? 12) What is the purpose of forensic rhetoric? 13) What is the purpose of demonstrative rhetoric? 14) What is the purpose of deliberative rhetoric? 15) What type of rhetoric is the rhetoric of choice? Why? 3

4 Chapter 4 Soften Them Up 16) What is argument by logic (logos)? 17) What is argument by character (ethos)? 18) What is argument by emotion (pathos)? 19) Why is concession the most powerful tool of logos? 20) How does align[ing] yourself with your listener s pathos help in an argument? Chapter 5 Get Them to Like You 21) Explain decorum. 22) What components make up decorum? 23) Why must you change your decorum based on your audience s expectations? Chapter 6 Make Them Listen 24) Identify and define the 3 essential qualities of persuasive ethos. 25) Describe a situation when YOU would use each of the following devices as defined in the text: a. Bragging b. Character references c. Tactical flaw d. Changing your position Chapter 7 Show Leadership 26) What is practical wisdom? 27) Why is practical wisdom important in building one s ethos? Chapter 8 Win Their Trust 28) Why is ethos the most important than any other aspect of rhetoric? 29) How can dubiatatio function in an argument? Chapter 9 Control the Mood 30) According to Aristotle, where do emotions come from? Is this an accurate statement? Why? 31) Why is a detailed narrative the best way to change the mood of your audience? 32) Explain the statement: When you argue emotionally, speak simply. 33) Why is sympathy more effective than humor at persuading someone? 34) Discuss the use of the following in an argument: a. Anger b. Patriotism c. Emulation 35) What is unannounced emotion? 4

5 Chapter 10 Turn the Volume Down 36) Why is the passive voice so useful? 37) How might you use the backfire technique in an argument? 38) Discuss the differences between the following: a. Urbane humor b. Wit c. Facetious humor d. Banter Chapter 11 Gain the High Ground 39) Why must you keep the motivations of your audience in mind when trying to persuade them? 40) What is a rhetorical commonplace? Explain. 41) Which of these phrases are a common place? a. All children deserve a good education. b. Don t go swimming after you ve eaten. c. I m sleepy. 42) List three common places in your home, community, or culture. Chapter 12 Persuade on Your Terms 43) Explain definition/redefinition. 44) Why must you as a persuader identify commonplace words? 45) What tense is best when addressing values? Why? Chapter 13 Control the Argument 46) Create your own syllogism. 47) What is an enthymeme? 48) Create your own enthymeme. 49) Explain inductive logic. 50) Explain deductive logic. 51) What key word easily identifies the proof in an argument? 52) Identify and give an example of the following: a. Fact b. Comparison c. Story 5

6 Defense Chapter 14 Spot Fallacies 53) What are the 4 questions that can help you determine if there is a fallacy in an argument? How can you use these in everyday life? 54) What are the 3 identifiers associated with logical fallacies? 55) Explain The False Comparison and create your own example. 56) Explain The Bad Example and create your own example of a hasty generalization. 57) Explain Ignorance of Proof and create an example. 58) Explain the Tautology and create your own example. 59) Explain the following devices and create your own example for each: a. Many Question b. Complex Cause c. False Dilemma d. The Red Herring e. Straw Man f. Slippery Slope Chapter 15 Call a Foul 60) What is the purpose of argument? 61) Explain the Fallacy of Power and create an example. 62) Discuss the foul of Wrong Tense. 63) Explain the foul of The Right Way and create an example. 64) Explain the foul of innuendo and create your own example. 65) Explain the foul of The Threat and create your own example. 66) Exampling the foul of Utter Stupidity and create your own example. Chapter 16 Know Whom to Trust 67) When in an argument, and ethos is used, what is the first thing to look for to determine if the ethos is accurate? How could this be applied to your life? 68) Explain, define, and give an example of virtue according to Aristotle. 69) Explain the quote from Aristotle: There s virtue in moderation. Chapter 17 Find the Sweet Spot 70) Explain practical wisdom or phronesis. 71) What is the most important trait of practical wisdom? Why? 72) What are the six steps to evaluating ethos? 6

7 Advanced Offense Chapter 20 Get Instant Cleverness 73) What are schemes? 74) Define and explain the 3 types of figures. 75) Create your own example of repeated first words. 76) Create your own example of multiple yoking. 77) Create an example of metonymy and synecdoche. 78) Create a chiasmus. 79) Why should one use the simplest figures of thought in a serious argument? 80) Create an example of dialysis or antithesis. 81) Why is epergesis (editing yourself aloud) effective in certain situations? 82) Explain litotes and give an example. 83) Draw a diagram that explains the figure of climax. 84) Explain verbing. 7