Muslim and Pasmanda Education: Affirmative Action Issues
|
|
- Ginger Harrison
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Muslim and Pasmanda Education: Affirmative Action Issues 1 / 7 This article was first published here on Round Table India Naaz Khair Muslim population (172 million) is the second largest in the Country, followed by Christian (27 million) and Sikh (20 million) populations (see Table 1). Muslim literacy rates (MLR) and levels of education from the latest census (Census 2011) have been analyzed to present the status of Muslim education in this article.
2 2 / 7 While Jains have the highest literacy rate (94.9%) with the least gender gap (difference between its male and female literacy rates is 3.9%), Muslims have the lowest literacy rate (68.5%) with the gender gap in its literacy rate almost three times (12.7 %) that of the Jains. Among major religions, only Muslim literacy rate is below the national average (73.3%). (see Table 2 beloq) Muslim literacy rate when disaggregated by states and union territories presents a picture of wide interstate/ut variations (see the map below). Kerala has the highest Muslim literacy rate (93%) and Haryana the lowest (53%). There is, thus, a huge difference (of 40 points) between the top and the bottom state. The map marks states and union territories that have Muslim literacy rate greater than the corresponding state/union territory average. Table 1 These states and union territories are Tamil Nadu (SLR -80%, MLR -88%), Karnataka (SLR-75%, MLR-79%), Andhra Pradesh (SLR-67%, MLR-74%), Lakshwadeep (SLR-92%, MLR-92%), Pudducherry (SLR-86%, MLR-92%), Maharashtra (SLR-82%, MLR-84%), Dadra & Nagar Haveli (SLR-76%, MLR-87%), Gujarat (SLR-78%, MLR-81%), Madhya Pradesh (SLR-69%, MLR-75%), Chhatisgarh (SLR-70%, MLR-85%), Odhisa (SLR-73%, MLR-80%), Jharkhand (SLR-66%, MLR-66%) and Arunachal Pradesh (SLR-65%, MLR-68%). Out of the remaining states and union territories, Kerala (SLR- 94% MLR-93%), Goa (SLR-89%, MLR-85%), Daman & Diu (SLR-87%, MLR-86%), Rajasthan (SLR-66%, MLR-63%), Sikkim (SLR-81%, MLR-77%) and Tripura (SLR-87%, 83%) all have Muslim literacy rate that is very close to the corresponding state/union territory average. That leaves fifteen states/union territories, including the entire northern states/union territories, two states in the east and five states in the north-east with Muslim literacy rate ranging from low to very low when compared to their corresponding state/union territory average. Table 2
3 3 / 7 These fifteen states/union territories are, Jammu and Kashmir, a Muslim majority state (SLR-67%, MLR-61%), Himachal Pradesh (SLR- 83%, MLR-68.%5), Punjab (SLR-76%, MLR-62%), Haryana (SLR-76%, MLR-53%), Chandigarh (SLR-86%, MLR-75%), Delhi (SLR-86%, MLR-76%), Uttarakhand (SLR-79%, MLR-63%), Uttar Pradesh (68%, MLR-59%), Bihar (SLR-62%, MLR-56%), West Bengal (SLR-76%, MLR-69%), Manipur (SLR-77%, MLR-68%), Assam (SLR-72%, MLR-62%) and Christian majority states of Mizoram (SLR-91%, MLR-78.5%), Nagaland (SLR-80%, MLR-58%) and Meghalaya (SLR-74%, MLR-54%).
4 4 / 7 Now, if the Muslim population of the Country is 172 million, 106 million live in these fifteen states/ union territories, which have MLR ranging from low to very low. These states/ union territories together hold 62% of the Country's Muslim population. And, 99 million of the 106 million Muslims live in five states of Jammu and Kashmir, Assam, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal alone. Research tells us that the process of Literacy begins in the urban areas and trickles down to the rural areas (Krishnan and Shyam, 1987). The rural population in these five states is significant. Together they hold 41% of the Country's rural population. The state's rural Muslim population is more than the state's rural population in at least three of these five states viz. Jammu and Kashmir (SRP -73%, SRMP -74%); West Bengal (SRP-68%, SRMP-78%) and Assam (SRP-86%, SRMP-92%). In the remaining two states, while Bihar has SRP 89% and SRMP 87%, Uttar Pradesh has SRP 78% and SRMP 63%. The high rural Muslim population in these states coupled with low monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE) of Muslims in rural areas (Muslims have the second lowest MPCE in rural India after Scheduled Tribes) account for low Muslim literacy rates in these states, among other factors. Low MPCE translates to the lack of money to invest in children's education. The correlation between urbanization and literacy rates with high literacy rate accompanying high urbanization (economic activities such as trade and commerce in the urban areas demand high literacy levels) is seen playing out in the southern states. The southern part of the country is more developed compared to the rest of the country and also has high Muslim urbanization. Barring Kerala, Muslim urban population is much higher than the state's urban population in all the southern states- Tamil Nadu (SUP -48%, SMUP -77%), Andhra Pradesh (SUP-33%, SMUP-65%) and Karnataka (SUP 39%, SMUP-63%). Kerala has SUP-48% and SMUP-52%. The above correlation between urbanization and literacy rates does not hold true in all cases. In urban areas, Muslims have the lowest MPCE (Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure) in the Country, which means their spending capacity is very low in urban areas. This affects the extent to which urban Muslims, particularly those living in the slums can invest in the education of their children (e.g. Delhi). Delhi is a prosperous state % of the population of the state is Urban. The Urban Muslim population of the state is higher at 99%. However, a majority of the Muslim population of Delhi lives in ghettos, slums and a sizeable number of them are migrant laborers. The Muslim literacy rate of Delhi is 76%, the corresponding state average is 86%. Finally, as in the Table 3 below, if we break down the literates among Muslims by their levels of education and do the same for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and All literates in the Country, what we find is, compared to All literates (see the last column), Muslim, SC and ST literates are cluttered around below primary and primary levels of education i.e. they are predominantly below primary and primary educated. Further, SCs literates have more graduates and above among them compared to Muslim literates. Table 3
5 5 / 7 Pasmanda education issues related to affirmative action What does the term 'Pasmanda' mean and who are the Pasmandas? 'Pasmanda' is a Persian term and it means, 'those who have fallen behind'. The anti-caste struggle of low caste Muslims in India is known as the Pasmanda movement. The movement took shape in the 1990s in the backdrop of the Mandal agitation. The anti-caste struggle of Pasmandas or low caste Muslims was also witnessed in the pre- Independence era under the banner of the Momin Conference. The OBC (Other Backward Castes) and the SC Muslims together comprise the low castes (Pasmandas) among Muslims and are said to have risen from the feet of Brahma and therefore fall in the 'Shudra' category as per the age-old Varna system. The Shudras are meant to offer various services to the high castes or those who have risen from the head (Brahmans), arms (Kshatriyas) and thighs (Vaishyas) of Brahma. The shudras performing clean tasks (work of artisans, etc) comprise the OBCs and those performing polluting tasks (manual scavenging, washermen, barbers, etc) comprise the SCs. The Varna system that organizes the castes in a hierarchical order forms the basic structure of Indian society. Change in religion or occupation/class does not change the caste location of a person and a low caste continues to be under social pressure and oppression, facing discrimination at every level. This experience has been famously expressed by pasmanda leader and parliamentarian Ali Anwar Ansari in his 2007 speech at a Conference when he said, "Hum shuddar hain shuddar; Bharat ke moolnivasi hain. Baad mein musalman hain" (We are Shudras first; we are the indigenous peoples of India. We are Muslims later). Now coming to question of pasmanda education issues relating to affirmative action, the Constitution of free India adhering to basic democratic principles that define it enjoined affirmative action in the form of reservations in educational institutions for historically repressed low castes. In 1950, in exercise of the powers conferred by clause (1) of article 341 of the Constitution of India, the President made the Order called the Constitution (Scheduled Caste) Order, 1950, which accorded recognition to castes and tribes specified in schedules to this order as Scheduled Castes (these were castes historically involved in unclean/polluting occupations) on whom affirmative action would apply. However, clause 3 of the same order read, 'no person who professes a religion different from the Hindu religion shall be deemed to be a member of a Scheduled Caste'. This clause was modified in 1956, when Sikh SCs were included and again in 1990 when Buddhist SCs were included. So, effectively, only the Muslim and Christian SCs were left out in violation of the Constitution that disallows discrimination based on religion. In this context, the argument that Islam is an egalitarian religion and therefore does not have caste is not tenable as there is
6 6 / 7 ample proof of caste in Indian Muslim community ever since Islam came to India. Further, the Sachar Committee Report on Social, Economic, and Educational Status of the Muslim Community of India, 2006, also records three divisions of the Indian Muslim community based on caste viz. Ashraf (Upper Castes), Ajlaf (OBC) and Arzal (SC/ST). Further, the question arises that if SCs of two other egalitarian religions, Sikhism and Buddhism can be considered, why not the SCs among Muslims and Christians? Thus, even after 70 years of India's Independence, there is no affirmative action for SCs among Muslims (along with SC Christians), which has seriously impacted educational development work with them. In fact, virtually no special educational efforts are directed at SC Muslims (including manual scavengers, etc) by any agency, governmental or non-governmental. In 1990, OBC reservations providing for reservations in educational institutions and public employment came into effect forty years after SC/STreservations. Muslims were considered this time (points to official acknowledgement of the existence of caste among Indian Muslims already there!). Arzals (Muslims SCs) were included along with Ajlafs (OBC Muslims). However, in the absence of a caste census, the whole exercise of OBC reservations is not fruitful. The complete list of OBCs across religions does not get drawn up. Serious issues have been raised about many OBCs not listed either in the state or the central OBC list and many of those in the existing state list are missing from the central list and vice-versa. Issues have also been raised about some upper castes that have got into the OBC list through the back door! Caste census is not an unknown category for the people of India. Pre-Independence, during British rule it took place regularly until 1931, in which all religions including Islam and Christianity participated. Therefore, now when the Constitution mandates OBC reservations, caste census must take place. More reasons for a caste census: P.S. Krishnan retired Secretary, Government of India, in his article in the 'Frontline' (volume 29- Issue 04: Feb.25-Mar.09, 2012) explains the 'thumb rule' used by Mandal for calculating the OBC population of the Country and estimates the OBC Muslim population of the Country to be 78% (in 2001) after excluding Muslim SC/ST and upper caste populations from the total Muslim population, an estimation quite close to that estimated by the Pasmanda Movement in Bihar and elsewhere, which has always estimated the population of lower caste Muslims to be about 85% of the Muslim population ( However, data on the educational status of OBC Muslims that is available is based on sample surveys (NSSO), which estimates the OBC Muslim population to be 40.7% and the General Muslim population to be 59.3% (in ) i.e. it reports the OBC Muslim population to be lower than the General Muslim population! The Sachar Committee Report and subsequently the post-sachar committee report made use of NSSO data for asserting the relative educational backwardness of OBC Muslims when compared to General Muslims. But there are issues with NSSO data as also mentioned above. For instance, according to it, the percentage of Muslim OBC population in Andhra Pradesh (undivided) in is 19.5%. But, according to the recent Sudhir Committee Report (Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Socio- Economic and Educational Conditions of Muslims Government of Telangana August 2016), the 81% of Muslims in Telangana is classified as backward. The total Muslim population of Telangana is 12.68%. The Muslim population of the new state of Andhra Pradesh is 8.53%. If we assume (generously) that all of this 8.53% is upper caste, then the OBC population of the divided states together is 40.5% OBC, which is almost double of what has been reported for un-divided Andhra Pradesh in by NSSO! NSSO depends on self-reporting for determining OBC population. Studies have shown that self-reporting causes many low caste Muslims to report themselves as high castes. This brings down the strength of the Muslim OBC population in the Country (Waheed, A & Sheikh I.M: 2017). Therefore, till such time that the population census continues to gather data for 'All Muslims' only while ignoring the OBC Muslims (the fact of OBC Muslims being an official classification notwithstanding), the real picture regarding the educational status of low caste Muslims stands concealed, affecting proper
7 Powered by TCPDF ( 7 implementation of affirmative action meant for them. In fact, it creates conditions for the educationally developed and educationally deprived to be treated alike. A census reporting on the educational status of All Muslims does not arouse any concern for the need to attend to the special educational issues of low caste Muslims. So, not carrying out a caste census is completely arbitrary and unjust and calls for an immediate resolution of the problem. It is important to settle the question of the size of the OBC Muslim population and other related issues and move on to systematic work with pasmandas, which is long overdue. One hopes that the 2021 census will definitely include a credible caste census. ~ References Census of India, 2011 Sachar Committee Report, 2006 Post Sachar Committee Report, Ansari, K.A. (2011), 'Muslim Quota': Keep it Simple, Silly! Kafila.online Ansari, K.A. (2017), Hindu nationalism and Muslim Nationalism co-produce each other, roundtableindia.co.in Krishnan, P.S. (2012), Reservation, A fair deal for Muslims, Frontline, volume 29- Issue 04: Feb.25-Mar.09, 2012 Waheed, A & Sheikh, I.M. (2017), Aspiring to Rise: Agitation of Muslim 'Other Backward Classes' in Uttar Pradesh ~~~ Naaz Khair is a Development Professional working with marginalized communities and groups since The last 17 years had been about evaluating children's education projects and undertaking a few studies related to Muslim education. Currently, she is raising development issues entirely from a Pasmanda-Bahujan perspective. / 7
Answer: A. Answer: C. Answer: D
1. What is the Tourism Tagline/Slogan for Indian Tourism? A. Atithi Devo Bhava B. The heart of incredible India C. The Land of Natural Beauty D. The Land of Dawnlit Mountains 2. What is the Tourism Tagline/Slogan
More informationGOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO TO BE ANSWERED ON RAIL NETWORK DENSITY
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3373 TO BE ANSWERED ON 10.08.2015 RAIL NETWORK DENSITY 3373. SHRI RAHUL SHEWALE: SHRI VIJAY KUMAR HANSDAK: SHRI KALIKESH N. SINGH
More informationSPATIAL PATTERNS OF WORK PARTICIPATION AMONG THE MUSLIMS IN INDIA: 2011
Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2016 = 6.17, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.49366, NOV-DEC 2017, VOL- 4/37 https://doi.org/10.21922/srjis.v4i37.10600
More informationunjustified. Similarly 66 percent women felt that the practice of triple talaq was incorrect and unjustified.
Appendix 2 Salient Points Highlighted by Dr. Sanjay Kumar, (Fellow, Centre for Study of Developing Societies), in his Paper titled Social and Economic Status and Popular Perception of Muslims in India,
More informationA Resurgent Muslim Community Asserts Itself: Sachar Committee provides the Forum
A Resurgent Muslim Community Asserts Itself: Sachar Committee provides the Forum [A Review Essay on Social, Economic and Educational Status of the Muslim Community of India, Report of Prime Minister s
More informationMarket Update. Micro Irrigation
Market Update Micro Irrigation Micro Irrigation Penetration Rate India China 5.5% 10.0% Brazil U.S. 52.0% 55.0% Spain 65.0% Russia 78.0% Israel 90.0% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Penetration
More informationEngage Disability Conference
CONFERENCE REPORT Engage Disability Conference Sylvia Naomi James a, Nathan Grills b and Jubin Varghese c a Conference Coordinator, Engage Disability, India b Public Health Physician, Nossal Institute
More informationA Strategy for Theological Education in an Era of Ecumenism
A Strategy for Theological Education in an Era of Ecumenism V. T. KURIEN In 945 the Christian Literature Society published The Christian Minister in India, His Vocation and Training. It was a study by
More informationGOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD & PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CONSUMER AFFAIRS, FOOD & PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 844 TO BE ANSWERED ON 07 th FEBRUARY, 2017 LINKING
More informationTitle of the textbook: India: Physical Environment Class : XI
Title of the textbook: India: Physical Environment Class : XI Corrections: In chapter 1, page no. 3, figure 1.1: India : Administrative Divisions In chapter 3, page no. 22, figure 3.2: Major Rivers of
More informationHOUSING CONDITION IN INDIA. With special focus on Rural Areas and Socially Disadvantaged Sections. Volume I
HOUSING CONDITION IN INDIA With special focus on Rural Areas and Socially Disadvantaged Sections Volume I Study sponsored by the SR Sankaran Chair, National Institute of Rural Development Hyderabad Laurie
More informationIndia: A Wiki Tale of Twenty Nine States
India: A Wiki Tale of Twenty Nine States Sai Venkatesh Balasubramanian Sree Sai VidhyaMandhir, Mallasandra, Bengaluru-560109, Karnataka, India. saivenkateshbalasubramanian@gmail.com Abstract After understanding
More informationStudies on Muslims in India An Annotated Bibliography
Studies on Muslims in India An Annotated Bibliography With Focus on Muslims in Andhra Pradesh (Volume: ) EMPLOYMENT AND RESERVATIONS FOR MUSLIMS By Dr.P.H.MOHAMMAD AND Dr. S. LAXMAN RAO Supervised by Dr.Masood
More informationA study on the changing population structure in Nagaland
A study on the changing population structure in Nagaland Y. Temjenzulu Jamir* Department of Economics, Nagaland University, Lumami. Pin-798627, Nagaland, India ABSTRACT This paper reviews the changing
More informationParliament House, New Delhi ASSISTANT RETURNING OFFICERS
Shri Ravindra Garimella, Joint Secretary, Lok Sabha Secretariat, Appendix-I Assistant Returning Officers at Parliament Parliament House, New Delhi-110001. Shri Vinay Kumar Mohan, Director, Lok Sabha Secretariat,
More informationIndia s Muslims. Social, Economic and Political Status
India s Muslims Social, Economic and Political Status Core issues for Nation Building India as a Nation: Political/ Economic /Cultural entity. Economic convergence-caste structure- Varna (from color) Cultural
More informationDivali Holidays And Festivals
Divali Holidays And Festivals 1 / 6 2 / 6 3 / 6 Divali Holidays And Festivals Diwali, Deepavali or Dipavali is Hindu, Sikh and Jain festival of lights, which is celebrated every autumn in the northern
More informationA pocket of intense Muslim presence and growth in Uttar Pradesh
A pocket of intense Muslim presence and growth in Uttar Pradesh After discussing the share and growth of Muslims in Jammu and Kashmir, in Malerkotla of Punjab and in Mewat of Haryana, we deviated from
More informationEducational Backwardness of Indian Muslims: Causes and Solutions
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. III, Issue 10/ January 2016 ISSN 2286-4822 www.euacademic.org Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF) DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) Educational Backwardness of Indian Muslims: Causes Dr. ANIS
More informationWhat happened to the Christians of Andhra Pradesh
What happened to the Christians of Andhra Pradesh There have been often doubts about the number of Christians counted in the Indian Censuses. It is speculated that a large number of Christian converts
More informationOGCF 2016 in various States/UTs
Glimpses of Inaugural Function of OGCF 2016 in various States/UTs Andaman & Nicobar Islands Shri Bishnu Pada Ray, Hon'ble Member of Parliament, Andaman & Nicobar Islands delivering OGCF inaugural address
More informationKey-note Address. By Dr. Mohammad Manzoor Alam Chairman, Institute of Objective Studies, New Delhi
Key-note Address By Dr. Mohammad Manzoor Alam Chairman, Institute of Objective Studies, New Delhi for the Two-day National Seminar on Traditional Versus Modern Education: Vision and Planning of Muslim
More informationPERSECUTION RELIEF ANNUAL REPORT CHRISTIAN PERSECUTION
PERSECUTION RELIEF ANNUAL REPORT CHRISTIAN PERSECUTION IN INDIA 2016 24 18 OUR GOAL To ensure freedom to worship Jesus Christ in India OUR MOTTO Serving Persecuted Loving Persecutors 2 CONTENTS Founder
More informationPopulation and Society Prof. A. K. Sharma Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
Population and Society Prof. A. K. Sharma Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Module No. # 01 Lecture No. # 17 History of Growth Well friends, we have had
More informationTHOUGHTS ON LINGUISTIC STATES
THOUGHTS ON LINGUISTIC STATES First published: 1955 Reprinted from the edition of 1955 Contents PREFACE PART I - The work of the commission Chapter I : Linguism and nothing else Chapter 2 : Linguism in
More informationCentre s Blog on Religion Data of Census Religion Data of Census 2011: VII. Five major religions and others
Religion Data of Census 2011: VII The Changing numbers of Other Religions and Persuasions (ORPs) In our previous post on the religious demography of Jharkhand, we have noticed that the ORPs in that State
More informationFIRE SERVICE MEDALS AWARDED TO FIRE SERVICE PERSONNEL ON THE OCCASION OF INDEPENDENCE DAY, 2016 AS PER THE FOLLOWING DETAILS.
Annexure - I FIRE SERVICE MEDALS AWARDED TO FIRE SERVICE PERSONNEL ON THE OCCASION OF INDEPENDENCE DAY, 2016 AS PER THE FOLLOWING DETAILS President s Fire Service Medal For Gallantry Maharashtra 1 Sh.
More informationMONTHLY SYLLABUS SESSION CLASS-IV SUBJECT : SOCIAL STUDIES TERM-I (APRIL-SEPTEMBER) Lesson 1: India An Introduction
MONTHLY SYLLABUS SESSION-2017-18 CLASS-IV SUBJECT : SOCIAL STUDIES MONTH CONTENT TERM-I (APRIL-SEPTEMBER) April 2017 Lesson 1: India An Introduction Introduction of our country India. Map of world to be
More informationGlobal Point Men. Hand Praying. Remembering Our Legacy, Fulfilling Our Destiny. Your Ring Finger
Global Point Men Remembering Our Legacy, Fulfilling Our Destiny March/A p ril, 2009 Hand Praying Have you ever considered using your hand to help you pray for missionaries? You can use your hand to know
More information3. Director, MC with the request to upload the circular on the website of DoP&T.
No. 33/2013-E0 (MM.II) Government of India Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions (Department of Personnel & Training) IMMEDIATE New Delhi, dated the 20 1h June, 2013 To 1. The Chief Secretaries
More informationDistributional Pattern of Muslims in India
Distributional Pattern of Muslims in India Ravi Shekhar Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Shaheed Bhagat Singh (Eve.) College, University of Delhi, New Delhi Abstract: The Muslims in India
More informationList of Deemed Universities Offering Teacher Education Programmes (In Campus Department / Affiliated Colleges)
List of Deemed Universities Offering Teacher Education Programmes (In ) 1. Andhra 2. Andhra Sri Satya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Vidyagiri, Prasanthi Nilayam 515 134 Anantapur Dist., Andhra Tel
More informationAddress List of State Mission Directors (National Agroforestry & Bamboo Mission)
Address List of State Mission Directors (National Agroforestry & Bamboo Mission) State 1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Arunachal Pradesh 3. Assam 4. Bihar 5. Chhattisgarh 6. Goa 7. Gujarat State Mission Director
More informationUpliftment of Muslim minority under UPA government with special reference to Sachar committee
International Journal of Academic Research and Development ISSN: 2455-4197, Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.academicsjournal.com Volume 2; Issue 4; July 2017; Page No. 565-569 Upliftment of Muslim minority
More informationQURBANI 1432 A.H. (2011)
QURBANI 1432 A.H. (2011) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY It is neither their meat nor their blood that reaches Allah, but it is piety from you that reaches Him Surah Hajj 22:37 The Prophet (saw) was asked, What is Qurbani?
More informationAn Overview of Educational Status of Muslim Women in India
An Overview of Educational Status of Muslim Women in India Moumita Hazra Former student, Department of Education, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India Abstract: I measure the progress of a community
More informationSSRG International Journal of Economics and Management Studies (SSRG-IJEMS) volume2 issue4 April 2015
Educational Levels of Muslims and Their Work Participation in Selected States of India Dr. P.K. Singh, 1, Dr. Falak Butool 2 1 Head of the Department, Geography Section, National P. G. College, Lucknow,
More informationCENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION SHIKSHA KENDRA, 2, COMMUNITY CENTRE PREET VIHAR, 3DELHI
CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION SHIKSHA KENDRA, 2, COMMUNITY CENTRE PREET VIHAR, 3DELHI-110092 No. CBSE/Vig/F.13351/2012/G-428 to G-530 Date: 21 st August, 2012 OFFICE ORDER Sub: List of officers
More informationThe Backward Muslims By Irfan Engineer
(Secular Perspective October 16-31, 2014) The Backward Muslims By Irfan Engineer Two years ago, I was invited to speak at a two day convention of Backward Muslims in Patna organized by Tehrik-E-Pasmanda
More informationINTRODUCTION. Joy Karmakar*
Journal of Economic & Social Development, Vol. - XIV, No. 1, 2018 Infiltration or Natural growth of Minority in West Bengal (India) : an evaluation Joy Karmakar* ISSN 0973-886X The paper try to explore
More informationCo-relating religious faith and community mobilization as a strategy for the economic empowerment of Muslim Women: A case study
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 19, Issue 7, Ver. IV (July. 2014), PP 17-22 e-issn: 2279-0837, p-issn: 2279-0845. Co-relating religious faith and community mobilization
More informationSample question paper on Dance ( for common Objective questions) for FTII -JET-2018-EXAM prepared by : Naresh Sharma: Director.
1 Disclaimer about this sample paper by Naresh Sharma: 1. This is to clarify that I, Naresh Sharma, neither was nor is a part of any advisory body to FTII or SRFTI, the authoritative agencies to set up
More informationIntroduction. This year, we welcome an assistant in English. Her name is Era. She is from India. This booklet is an introduction to her country.
India 6 1 and 6 2 Introduction This year, we welcome an assistant in English. Her name is Era. She is from India. This booklet is an introduction to her country. Thank you Era for visiting our school!
More informationWas the Delimitation Commission Unfair to Muslims?
Was the Delimitation Commission Unfair to Muslims? Francesca Refsum Jensenius1 Senior Research Fellow, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) Email: fj@nupi.no This is a pre-copyedited version
More informationIndia Renewable Energy Statistics
India Renewable Energy Statistics Bharat Vasandani, Energetica India The article gives an insights into numbers of the Renewable Energy Industry in India. Cumulative deployment of various Renewable Energy
More informationThe changing religious profile of Asia: Buddhists, Hindus and Chinese Religionists
The changing religious profile of Asia: Buddhists, Hindus and Chinese Religionists We have described the changing share and distribution of Christians and Muslims in different parts of Asia in our previous
More informationA Socio-economic Profile of Ireland s Fishing Harbours. Greencastle
A Socio-economic Profile of Ireland s Fishing Harbours Greencastle A report commissioned by BIM Trutz Haase* and Feline Engling May 2013 *Trutz-Hasse Social & Economic Consultants www.trutzhasse.eu +353
More informationIndian Religions would soon be a minority in the Indian region
Indian Religions would soon be a minority in the Indian region We are postponing analysis of the religious demography of the Scheduled Tribes for the remaining States of North, Central, West and South
More informationSpatial analysis of sex ratio according to different religions in Jalgaon district (MS)
217; 3(7): 124-1245 ISS Print: 2394-75 ISS Online: 2394-5869 Impact Factor: 5.2 IJAR 217; 3(7): 124-1245 www.allresearchjournal.com Received: 23-5-217 Accepted: 24-6-217 Badgujar Arvind Amrut Assistant
More informationNo. 32/2015-EO (MM.II)
No. 32/2015-EO (MM.II) IMMEDIATE Government of India Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions (Department of Personnel & Training)... North Block, New Delhi Dated the 27th May, 2015 To 1.The
More informationInter-Linking of Rivers
Inter-Linking of Rivers Directions of the Supreme Court The Supreme Court in the Writ Petition on Networking of Rivers directed the Union of India and particularly the Ministry of Water Resources to constitute
More information1. DOPT Sh Prabhat Director (ACC), DOPT (Election Cell), North Block, New Delhi
Nodal Officer of GOI dept/state gov/ UT admn for Observers (January-June, 2009) Sl.No. Name of Sponsoring Name of Nodal Officer Address Contact Number (s) Authority 1. DOPT Sh Prabhat Director (ACC), DOPT
More information3. The allocation of state/office to a candidate is final and no request for change in allocation shall be entertained.
ALLOCATION OF STATE/OFFICE TO THE CANDIDATES NOMINATED FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE POST OF JUNIOR TRANSLATOR THROUGH JUNIOR TRANSLATOR (SUBORDINATE OFFICE) AND HINDI PRADHYAPAK E EXAMINATION- 2016 IN INDIAN
More informationTentative restoration of the balance: the case of Bihar
Religion Data of Census 2011: III Tentative restoration of the balance: the case of Bihar As we have said earlier there are two major stories emerging from the religion data of Census 2011. The first is
More informationCHAPTER II A PROFILE OF THE STUDY REGION
CHAPTER II A PROFILE OF THE STUDY REGION 2.1. Introduction The present study is carried out in the North Karnataka Region (NKR) one of the two major regions of the State of Karnataka the other being the
More informationMuslim Political Under-representation
AFMI's 25th Annual Convention Boston August 29, 2015 Muslim Political Under-representation Dr Syed Zafar Mahmood President, Zakat Foundation of India New Delhi www.zakatindia.org info@zakatindia.org Seats
More informationMUSLIMS IN INDIA: A BLEAK PAST, AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE
MUSLIMS IN INDIA: A BLEAK PAST, AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE AARISH ULLAH KHAN Introduction India s Prime Minister Manmohan Singh constituted a committee in 2005 to document the socio-economic status of the Muslims
More informationPublic Holidays
Public Holidays - 2017 January February March April May June Name of State/Union Territory July August September October November December 14,26 12,29 1,5,14 1 26 Andhra Pradesh 15,25 2,28,30 1,2,19 4
More informationA Demographic Study of Kapali Caste Population in North 24 Parganas District of West Bengal
A Demographic Study of Kapali Caste Population in North 24 Parganas District of West Bengal 1 PRASENJIT SARKAR & 2 D. P. MUKHERJEE 1 Department of Anthropology, Bangabasi Morning College, 19 Rajkumar Chakraborty
More informationEDUCATION AND EMPOWERMENT OF MUSLIM WOMEN IN WEST BENGAL ABSTRACT
EDUCATION AND EMPOWERMENT OF MUSLIM WOMEN IN WEST BENGAL ABSTRACT A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF KALYANI FOR THE FULFILMENT OF THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION By SARMILA TALUKDAR
More informationAnnual Health Survey:
Annual Health Survey: 2010-11 11 State Institute of Health and Family welfare, Jaipur 1 2 Objective To yield benchmarks of core vital and health indicators at the district level and to map changes therein
More information3. Which place is known as "Mini Switzerland" in India? A. Chandhigarh(Punjab) B. Khajjiar (Himachal Pradesh) C. Ajmer(Rajasthan) D.
1. Which state is known as "Apple State"? A. Himachal Pradesh B. Andhra Pradesh C. Uttar Pradesh D. Haryana 2. Which state is known as "All Seasons State"? A. Himachal Pradesh B. Madhya Pradesh C. Bengaluru
More informationThe Global Religious Landscape
The Global Religious Landscape A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World s Major Religious Groups as of 2010 ANALYSIS December 18, 2012 Executive Summary Navigate this page: Geographic Distribution
More informationLEXINGTON AUGUSTA TRIANGLE CHARLESTON MACON
LEXINGTON KY WV VA N GA SC MACON AUGUSTA TRIANGLE CHARLESTON TOP 10 UNREACHED PEOPLE GROUPS IN THE TRIANGLE 1. ARAB-LEVANT 2. BERBER 3. GUJARATI 4. HINDI 5. PUNJABI 6. SOMALI 7. TAMIL 8. TELUGU 9. THAI
More informationHigh and Rising Muslim presence in parts of Karnataka
High and Rising Muslim presence in parts of Karnataka Among the peninsular States of India, Karnataka has the second largest share of Muslims in its population after Kerala. The presence and growth of
More informationINDIA-JAPAN: General comparison
INDIA-JAPAN: General comparison Location Area-Total (sq km ) India 20 00 N, 77 00 E 3,287,590 Japan 35 41 6 N139 45 4 E 377,835 sq km Area-Land (sq km) Area-Water (sq km) Population Population density
More information600x600mm SOUTH ZONE EAST ZONE WEST ZONE NORTH ZONE DELHI I HARIYANA I UTTAR PRADESH I UTTARAKHAND
QUTONE CERAMIC PVT. LTD. (OFFICES & SHOWROOMS) CORPORATE Ahmedabad 11, Titanium, Corporate Road, Opp. Prahalad Nagar Garden, Satellite, Ahmedabad-380 015, Gujarat, India. Tel.: +91 79 65108800-9900, 40300075
More informationC) 1. Ask the students to compile a list of cultural characteristics that they associate with South Asia.
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING FOUR MAJOR RELIGIONS OF SOUTH ASIA Beth Moulder Purpose: This lesson will increase an understanding of the culture of the people of South Asia and their religious practices. Objectives:
More informationLiteracy and work participation among Muslims in Uttar Pradesh
Journal of Geography and Regional Planning Vol. 4(6), pp. 305-325, June 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/jgrp ISSN 2070-1845 2011 Academic Journals Review Literacy and work participation
More informationRESULTS CULTURAL PROCESSION. Bharathidhasan University. Kurukshetra University. Lovely Professional University. Hari Singh Gaur Central University
RESULTS CULTURAL PROCESSION Bharathidhasan University Kurukshetra University Lovely Professional University Hari Singh Gaur Central University Gauhati University University of Mysore Ranchi University
More informationObservations and Topics to be Included in the List of Issues
Observations and Topics to be Included in the List of Issues On the occasion of Myanmar s Combined Fourth and Fifth Periodic Reports on the Implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms
More informationLEVEL OF URBANISATION AND THEIR DISPARITIES IN MAHARASHTRA STATE
Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-888, SJIF 216 = 6.17, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.45269, JULY-AUG 217, VOL- 4/35 LEVEL OF URBANISATION AND THEIR DISPARITIES
More informationm S. co IA ac k cr www.pib.nic.in 2018-08-01 The Walled City of Jaipur, Rajasthan, India is the next proposed site for UNESCO World Heritage recognition: Dr. Mahesh Sharma Ministry of Culture The Walled
More informationUnited Nations Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review India
United Nations Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review India Submission of The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty 20 November 2007 1350 Connecticut Avenue NW Suite 605 Washington, D.C. 20036 T: +1
More informationSpoken Sanskrit Movement in India: A Study
Spoken Sanskrit Movement in India: A Study Dhananjoy Kashyap, Ex. Sachib Sanskrit Bharati, Dhubri, Assam Abstract: Sanskrit is treasure of great Indian Knowledge and heritage. Due to lack of its formal
More information2
[ ] 1 2 3 2017 2,00,000 4 2,34,000 5 6 7 8 2,34,000 2017 2,00,000 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 SOLEMN DECLARATION AND UNDERTAKING for Reserved Category (Age 70+ applicant) I, Mr./Mrs./Miss S/W/D/o., Indian
More informationSCHEDULED CASTES IN MAHARASHTRA: STRUGGLE AND HURDLES IN THEIR SOCIO- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
(ISSN: 2321-4155), 53-64 Dalit Studies SCHEDULED CASTES IN MAHARASHTRA: STRUGGLE AND HURDLES IN THEIR SOCIO- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Anand Sugandhe* Vinod Sen** ABSTRACT The rate of caste atrocities against
More information62 nd All India Police Hockey C ship-2013, Bangalore August, RESULT ON :
62 nd All India Police Hockey C ship-2013, Bangalore. 24 31 August, 2013. RESULT ON 24-08-2013: 1 Tamil Nadu RPF TN won the 9-1 TN 12. Balakrishnan 14.Kannan 26 Rajesh Kanna 03 Uchinimahali 09 Kandhaguru
More informationList of Constitutional Posts - CMs Governors and CJI. Free static GK e-book
List of Constitutional Posts - CMs Governors and CJI Free static GK e-book List of Constitutional Posts - CMs Governors and Chief Justice of India are an integral part of the general awareness section
More informationPublic Acceptance of Evolution in India
Journal of Scientific Temper Vol 6(1-2), Jan-Jun 2018, pp. 24-38 RESEARCH ARTICLE Public Acceptance of Evolution in India FELIX BAST* AND HEENA TAHILRAMANI** Department of Plant Sciences, Central University
More informationContesting Categories, Remapping Boundaries: Literary Interventions by Tamil Dalits
Localities, Vol. 5, 2015, pp. 197-201 http://dx.doi.org/10.15299/local.2015.11.5.197 Contesting Categories, Remapping Boundaries: Literary Interventions by Tamil Dalits, by K. A. Geetha, Newcastle upon
More informationA Providential Opportunity
A Providential Opportunity One-third of the world s unreached people groups live in India. This includes 58 million of the Yadav people, the largest unreached people group in India. What if there was a
More informationLetters of Universities
Letters of Universities Sir Padampat Singhania University, Udaipur- Rajasthan Letter no. 1300. Dated. 02 April 2010. Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh. Letter
More informationChristianity among the Scheduled Tribes of the Northeast: Meghalaya
Christianity among the Scheduled Tribes of the Northeast: Meghalaya Meghalaya has now become a Christian tribal State. More than 86 percent of the total population of the State is from the Scheduled Tribes
More informationSHIVDHARMA: A NEW PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION
SHIVDHARMA: A NEW PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION Ramesh D. Rathod, Head, Department of Sociology, Vaidyanath College, Parli Vaijnath, Distt. Beed, MS Abstract: The present communication deals with the philosophy
More informationPublic Arguments 8. Public Arguments 4. The Liminal Fluid Space Futures of Dalit Muslims. Migrant Labour and Trafficked Lives in Millennial Siliguri
Public Arguments 8 Public Arguments 4 Tata Tata Institute Institute of Social of Social Sciences Sciences Patna Patna Centre Centre The Liminal Fluid Space Futures of Dalit Muslims Migrant Labour and Trafficked
More informationIssues in Education Among the Muslims of Delhi
Issues in Education Among the Muslims of Delhi Uzma Azhar Delhi has a literacy rate of 81.7% and Muslims in Delhi have literacy around 66.6% shows 2001 census. The present paper is based on the fieldwork
More informationFocusing the It s Time Urban Mission Initiative
63 CLYDE MORGAN Focusing the It s Time Urban Mission Initiative Following the Mission to the Cities emphasis during the current quinquennium from 2010-2015, the 2013 Annual Council of the Seventh-day Adventist
More informationMeasurement of employment, unemployment and underemployment of agricultural labour in tarai regions of Uttaranchal State and Uttar Pradesh
International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology Citation: IJAEB: 8(1): 219-225 March 2015 DOI Number: 10.5958/2230-732X.2015.00028.5 2015 New Delhi Publishers. All rights reserved 27
More informationENDEMIC LEECH FAUNA OF INDIA CHANDRA KANTA MANDAL INTRODUCTION
~RYEY OF INOlA ~ 1111 :2~1'-:1.,,'.'... 0' Rec. zoo I. Surv. India: 103 (Part 1-2) : 103-110,2004 ENDEMIC LEECH FAUNA OF INDIA CHANDRA KANTA MANDAL Zoological Survey of India, F. P. S. Building, Kolkata-700
More informationLIST OF CPIOs : RETAIL
LIST OF CPIOs : RETAIL 01.01.2015 HQ / Region / State CPIO's Name / Designation Address Span of Coverage RHQ Furtado R.H., Sr. Manager RTI (Appellate Authority : R.K. Panda, DGM (URBAN RETAILING),RETAIL,
More informationANNEXURE-1 LIST OF NODAL OFFICER FOR NGC PROGRAMME NORTHERN ZONE State/UT State Nodal Officer State Nodal Agency s Jammu & Kashmir
ANNEXURE-1 LIST OF NODAL OFFICER FOR NGC PROGRAMME NORTHERN ZONE Jammu & Kashmir Rajasthan Punjab Sh. C. M. Seth, Chairman, 09419011804 May to Oct. Tel/Fax: (0194) 2313966, 2311165 Nov. to April 246927
More informationAnnual Report. (Financial Year ) TOGETHER WE HAVE..
Page 0 of 5 Annual Report (Financial Year 2014-15) TOGETHER WE CAN.. TOGETHER WE HAVE.. TOGETHER WE WILL. Page 1 of 5 Dear members Governing Body of the AIGETOA takes pleasure in presenting this annual
More informationStudies of Religion. Changing patterns of religious adherence in Australia
Studies of Religion Changing patterns of religious adherence in Australia After the Second World War thousands of migrants gained assisted passage each year and most settled in urban areas of NSW and Victoria.
More informationSelf Published Booklet ISBN: Applied For Copyright: Applied For, Diary No /2014-CO/L Booklet available at:
Self Published Booklet ISBN: Applied For Copyright: Applied For, Diary No. 48684/2014-CO/L Booklet available at: www.indiaholidaylist.com Your suggestions for the improvement of the booklet will always
More informationWOMEN EDUCATION IN INDIA: THE ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
W O M E N E D U C A T I O N I N I N D I A WOMEN EDUCATION IN INDIA: THE ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE Women constitute almost half of the population of the world. To acquire a better quality of life, education is
More informationPERSECUTION AGAINST CHRISTIANS IN INDIA PERSECUTION RELIEF QUARTER 1 REPORT, Tribute To
PERSECUTION AGAINST CHRISTIANS IN INDIA PERSECUTION RELIEF QUARTER 1 REPORT, 2018 Tribute To SUBBARAVAMMA Sister Chadarajupalli Subbaravamma from Andhra Pradesh, was martyred for Jesus Christ. (story on
More informationEXCLUSION OF MARGINALISED COMMUNITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: A STUDY OF DALIT PARTICIPATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION
EXCLUSION OF MARGINALISED COMMUNITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: A STUDY OF DALIT PARTICIPATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION Abstract: YALALA PRAVEEN KUMAR MPhil CSSEIP Center For The Study Of Social Exclusion
More informationANDAMAN AND NICOBAR OC/OBC =20,SC=0,ST=3 TOTAL=23 OC/OBC OC/OBC
LICE JE (RY 2016) Held on 28.01.2018: Merit List S.No Reg. No. HRMS No. Parent Circle Candidate Name Cateogry I ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR =20,=0,=3 TOTAL=23 ANDHRA PRADESH = 336, = 86,= 71 = 493 1 1703001543
More informationThe numbers of single adults practising Christian worship
The numbers of single adults practising Christian worship The results of a YouGov Survey of GB adults All figures are from YouGov Plc. Total sample size was 7,212 GB 16+ adults. Fieldwork was undertaken
More information