TOPICS. Edward I and the colonisation of Wales. Edward I and the wars with Scotland (William Wallace and Robert the Bruce)

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2 TOPICS Edward I and the colonisation of Wales Edward I and the wars with Scotland (William Wallace and Robert the Bruce) Edward I and the Expulsion of the Jews

3 General facts about Edward I born in June 1239 died in July marriage with Eleanor of Castile she was 9 and he was 15 they had 14 children Duke of Gascony Hammer of the Scots and Surpressor of the Welsh His monarchy lasted from

4 General facts about Edward I - Nick Names - Longshanks English Justinian King of the Castles Nationalist Visionary

5 Youthful experiences create a strong leader Simon Montfort 1256 the Battle of Evesham Warning for the people: beheading those who were against the King Edward as the king pro forma 1270 he went for a crusade

6 Edward takes the throne and his military campaigns 1272 death of his father He became the King of England EDWARD I He consolidated his power in France Next step was WALES Military campaign lasted seven years

7 Edward takes the throne and his military campaigns First invasion was in 1277 He built huge castles

8 Edward takes the throne and his military campaigns First invasion was in 1277 He built huge castles Llewelly his enemy A new invasion followed Statue of Ruddlan A new Prince for Wales

9 Edward takes the throne and his military campaigns Edward again returned to France 1290 back in England It was a horrible year for the King Eleanor of Castile, his wife, died near Lincoln, England Expulsion of the Jews

10 Expulsion of the Jews Why did the Jews settle in England? MONEY!!! Jews had been helpful in any money problems 1275 Edward I forbade to lend money from the Jews 1278 many Jews were arrested and hanged for secretly continuig their money lending He developed new Banking System Anti-Jewish attitude was circulating in the country

11 Expulsion of the Jews Jews were suspected for many reasons In 1290, Edward issued an edict of expulsion Jews had to leave the realm at 1 November Jews were only allowed to take money + personal property In recorded history, Edward I was the first who expelled the Jews

12 Edward takes the throne and his military campaigns Model of Parliament of 1295 How could Edward conquer Scotland? 1296 his warfare campaign against Scotland started Edward s focus was not only on Scotland but also on France William Wallace was the reason for his return to England

13 Edward takes the throne and his military campaigns 1299 peace with France Arranged marriage to Margaret for political reasons 1303 formal treaty which guaranteed England s right to Gascony

14 Who was William Wallace? William Wallace is one of Scotland s greatest national heroes Wallace was born in around 1270 He was executed in 1305 He was the second son of Sir Malcolm Wallace, a little landowner William Wallace was certainly educated and had previous military experiences He must has been a large and powerful man

15 Map

16 Wallace s Rising In 1290 Scotland was essentially occupied by the English Civilian life was insecure William Wallace s father was killed by English troops Wallace lived the life of an outlaw and avoided the English In 1297 Edward I conquered Scotland Wallace recruited several local rebels and began his attack on the English

17 Images of William Wallace

18 Wallace s Rising He avenged his father s death As his support grew, Wallace s attack s broadened Most of Scotland was in Scottish hands by August 1297 Battle at Stirling Bridge Wallace captured Stirling Castle In October 1297 Wallace invaded Northern England

19 Wallace s Rising & Ending In 1297 he was knighted and proclaimed guardian of the kingdom 1298 Edward s return from his campaign in France and the invasion of Scotland Battle of Falkirk As many as 10,000 Scots may have been killed Wallace s military reputation was ruined Wallace survived and retreated to the woods On 23rd August 1305, he was executed

20 Edward takes the throne and his military campaigns 1305 Edward conquered Scotland, somehow 1306 quarrels in Scotland under Robert the Bruce

21 Robert the Bruce He was born in 1274 in Ayshire, Scotland and died in 1329 He was the eldest son of Robert and Marjorie, Countess of Carrick At 18 he took over from his father as Earl of Carrick The Bruce s owned estates in Scotland, England and Ireland Two years before his birth Edward I had become king of England

22 Robert the Bruce

23 Robert Bruce s Rising The struggle for control of Scotland began when Alexander III died in 1286, leaving as his heir grandchild Margaret, the infant daughter of the King of Norway She died at the age of 8 The strongest successors to the throne were John Balliol and Robert Bruce John Balliol was supported by King Edward He became the rightful king in 1292

24 Robert Bruce s Rising In 1296 Edward I defeated Balliol s army and he had to surrender his throne to the English king Edward I took the Stone of Scone into his possession

25 Robert Bruce s Rising After the execution of William Wallace it was time for Robert Bruce to lead the fight for Scotland In 1306 Bruce murdered John Comyn, Ballio s agent He declared himself King of Scots

26 Robert Bruce s Rising Edward s reply on that: he sent a large army and defeated Bruce at the Battle of Methven The Scottish king was forced into becoming hunted outlaw

27 Robert Bruce s Rising 1307 Robert the Bruce obtained a first victory over the English Edward I died in 1307 Edward II took his place In 1309 Robert Bruce was recognised as sole ruler by the French King

28 Robert Bruce s Rising In 1311 Bruce drove out the English garrisons in all their Scottish strongholds except Stirling Battle of Bannockburn in 1314

29 Robert Bruce s Rising Edward II was forced to seek peace May 1328 Robert Bruce became the rightful king The Declaration of Independence was signed All his dreams fulfilled, he died one year later

30 A vision of the future: centralized power & a parliamentary monarchy Britain largely had become consolidated in centrally London. Parliament Exchequer High Courts A Monarchy with a lifetime political leadership behind it

31 Conclusion Edward was a fighter to the end The greatest of medieval Kings of England, whose vision of nation helped to create the modern world

32 Class Activity 1. What happened in 1290? 2. Why was Edward I called King of the Castles? 3. Who were the most two popular Scottish heroes? 4. Where is the monument of William Wallace? 5. When was the Battle of Bannockburn? 6. How many children had Edward I? 7. What was Edward I s wedding gift? 8. What happened to William Wallace on 23rd August 1305?

33 Class Activity 1. What is the Stone of Scone? 2. What are the Eleanor Crosses? 3. Which movie shows William Wallace? 4. How long took the war on Wales? 5. When did Robert the Bruce die? 6. How many nick names had Edward I? 2,4 or 6? 15. Which animal was important for Robert the Bruce when hiding in a cave?