Republic to Empire. By Ella Hans, Yiyao Wang, and Leyanna Clark

Transcription

1 Republic to Empire By Ella Hans, Yiyao Wang, and Leyanna Clark

2 Establishment of the Principate

3 Octavian (Augustus Caesar) s Golden Age -Augustus was on a mission to restore order and even equity to the empire -He extended Roman citizenship to all Italians and allowed elections for public offices, although many believe they were in favor of his preferences -He resettled the soldiers onto farmland to restore agricultural growth -He also began a vast project of building and patronage of the arts

4 Augustus as Imperator - Imperator- commander or general (generally used when talking about republics) -He was general of the Roman army -Augustus upgraded the army from a volunteer army to a powerful army ready for battle -He gave his soldiers land bonuses -His army now consisted of 150,000 skilled men

5 Further Conquests -Octavian expanded military power when he gained complete control of the military -Over his rule the empire reached its maximum size -Expansion included areas such as Mesopotamia, Britain, and Switzerland -

6 Economic Life in the Empire

7 Exploitation of Subject Peoples - The Romans levied tribute, taxes, and rents, and recruited soldiers from the peoples they conquered. - They settled their own soldiers in captured lands, turning those lands into Roman estates and enslaving millions of people to work on them. - They exploited their political power for the economic advantage of their own traders and military and administrative elites.

8 The Problem of Decadence - As the size and wealth of the empire grew, many Romans felt that they had conquered the world but lost their souls. They spoke not of victory, but of loss. - The historian Livy, writing as the height of the age of Augustus, lamented the end of innocence:...with the gradual relaxation of discipline, morals first gave away, as it were, then sank lower and lower, and finally began the downward plunge which has brought us to the present time, when we can endure neither our vices nor the cure.

9 Flourishing of Trade and Administrative Cities The leader/emperor repositioned the cities to be closer to the agricultural land with the purpose of having the citizens closer to food sources. The leaders created 3 different types of cities. The created cities were as follows: military, financial and administrative centers. The emperor, advisors and their families lived in the administrative cities. The Roman population was about a million by the time Augustus Caesar became emperor this large population assisted in the flourishing of trading. The Romans would trade with other countries to gain the necessities to live. Grain was one of those basic necessity to the Roman empire, while merchants imported goods to other parts of the empire.

10 Luxury Trade and its Profits Powerful, wealthy Romans had access to special goods and this practice was called Luxury trade. The luxury items being traded were highly protected and the routes were guarded from the scavengers and from the lower class. The Romans were involved in the silk trade with the other countries. The silk route was one of the most protected of all trade routes because of the fear of the items being stolen. The luxury trade items could consist of spices and textiles.romans would repay the other countries by giving them desirable metals. The luxury trade created an intercontinental connection for the Romans.

11 Primary Source: the Deeds of the Divine Augustus

12 S.O.A.P.S.Tone Speaker: the speaker is Augustus Caesar Occasion: is that Augustus Caesar is dying so he wants to show what he did in his lifetime. Audience: The Roman people Purpose: To talk about his (Augustus s) leadership and kingship. Subject: was about his rulership and what he accomplished in his lifetime. Tone: he is favoring his rulership the government because he was apart of that himself.

13 Bibliography - Spodek, H. (2015). The World s History. Boston: Pearson. - A. (n.d.). The Deeds of the Divine Augustus. Retrieved September 26, 2017, from