Cambridge University Press Horace: A Return to Allegiance T. R. Glover Frontmatter More information

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1 THE CAMBRIDGE MISCELLANY IX HORACE The Lewis Fry Memorial Lectures Unioersity of Bristol, 1932

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3 HORACE A Return to Allegiancu By T. R. GLOVER Ridentem dicere verum l.!!jd vetat? CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1932

4 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York vvww.cambridge.org Information on this title: /978II Cambridge University Press '932 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1932 First paperback edition 20II A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-I-I Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy ofurls for external Of third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, Of will remain, accurate Of appropriate.

5 To THE TWO BRISTOLIANS WHOM I LIKE THE BEST

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7 PREFACE The invitation to deliver the Lewis Fry Memorial Lectures in the University of Bristol came to me as a surprise, but a welcome one. I am "a citizen of no mean city"; and such a call from my city could not fail to bring pleasure. The name of the foundation itself recalled old memories. The earliest political event I remember was the election of Lewis Fry as Member of Parliament for Bristol in He and his colleague, Samuel Morley, gave "Members' Scholarships" at the Bristol Grammar School, one of which fell to my lot in the days when I first was reading Horace; and here, after nearly half a century, I was again to be brought into pleasant contact with the name of Lewis Fry. Vll

8 I was to address myself, I was told, to the University, not to a mere group of students specializing in one line of study. Then my subject? I had to decide that. But I sought advice, and proposed two themes. One was the romantic story of my other home in Canada, a city on lake and river made famous under three names, the Cataraqui of the Indians, the Fort Frontenac of the French, the Kingston of the United Empire Loyalists. The other proposal was Horace, and for Horace all my friends gave their votes, perhaps because he was more familiar to them. But I was further told, you must not be too technical; you must not quote too much Latin; this is a modern University. With what success I have obeyed my instructions, or whether they quite precluded the success he would have wished, the reader must judge. But whatever listeners and readers may say, let me confess that the viii

9 writer enjoyed his task. And after that there is no more for me to say, unless to explain that the Latin in the text is there for the reader's delight; it was not inflicted on the listeners; and if the reader" wants it translated", let him look again and he will find that he has it all-or at least as much as could be put in prose and in English. For it is rarely possible for anyone but a poet to translate poetry; and I am not a poet, while of poets Horace has always most successfully defied translation. T. R. G. lx

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11 CONTENTS LECTURE I Can anything new, or should it, be said about Horace today? page I I The writer's "confession of faith" as to Horace, and his changes of opinion with years 1-6 The spirit in which a great poet should be read, acceptance before criticism 6-9 R. L. Stevenson's cry "For God's sake, have you a Horace?" 9, 10 II Horace in the centuries; not much read in the Middle Ages; unknown to Chaucer Cervantes, Erasmus, Ben Jonson Horace in the Eighteenth Century Thackeray and Horace The Horatian echo in English life 10, II I I, 12. Xl

12 III The "'age" of Horace was not the Augustan, but the period of civil war pages The uncertainties of the Augustan age during the lifetime of Virgil and Horace Their appeal for acceptance of the rule of the Emperor 20 Horace's reminiscences of a life of miracles IV His birth, his birthplace and his parentage The miracle of the wood pigeons 26, 27 The poet's freedman father and his training Athens, Brutus, and the poet in the wars, in Asia and Europe V The battle of Philippi and the' miracle of Horace's escape Poverty in Rome and the clerkship The unpleasant period 38 Xll

13 Virgil, Varius and Maecenas The poet and Augustus pages 39,40 4Q-4Z The significance of friendship with Maecenas and with Virgil 4Z, 43 The Sabine farm 44 LECTURE II I The miracle of Romulus forbidding Horace to attempt Greek verse 47 The imitation of Lucilius 47,48 Is the "real" Horace found or not found in the Odes?-a German question 48,49 At what age did Horace begin to write lyrics? Was he too old for" love lyrics" at thirty-five?-an American question "A man who welcomes middle age" (Andrew Lang's description of Horace) 49-5 I Neaera, and the change from consule Planco I II Horace the Boswell of the Augustan age xiii

14 I1I M. Patin's grouping of the Odes, with some comments page 56 (1) Political odes (2) Odes offriendship Horace's personal appearance Goethe's comment:furchtbare Realitiit Faunusandthebough (3) Odes "gallant and Bacchic" (with a veiled difference from Dr Verrall) 59,60 60 (4) Moral odes Horace, however, is not strictly a philosopher 68 Professor A. Y. Campbell on Horace's recipe 69 (with a comment from Twelfth Night) 70 The difficulty of translating Horace 71 IV The limited range of theme in Horace's poems: e.g. difference of tastes; frustration of hopes; death unforeseen but inevitable XIV 65

15 Pacing the inevitable, in Homer, Virgil and Horace page.! 74, 75 Horace as a lover of the country Horace at home in the town, "and so to bed" 77,78 Books; Homer and the philosophers; the meaning of his making fun of the Stoics 78, 79 The service of the State 79 But quid fles, Asterie? 80 V The manner of Horace's writing Ancient comments, made by Petronius, Q.uintilian and Persius 81,8z Comments borrowed from Horace himself on his work The appeal of his metres (with a hint from Wordsworth) His language, and certain prosaic words His dislike of Alexandrine style Lines which he did not write His" economy" and under-statement Ars Poetica xv 8 I 83 84,

16 VI Marcus Aurelius and Horace pages Horace's appeal to his friends to be glad and grateful in acceptance of life (with a parallel from George Borrow) 93,94 Let us read him again 95 XVI

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