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1 Abidjan Accord, 7, 8, 312, 363, 628, 705 Abuse of process, 458, 604, 611 Accountability Now Clubs (ANCs), 508, 509, 520, 677 Accused appointment of counsel, 548 assignment of counsel, 535, 542, 546, 604 assignment of defense counsel, 557, 656 burden of proof, 111, 606, 653, 657 counsel, assignment of, 13 equality of, 202, 209, 315, 330, 409, 412, 420, 422, 461, 542, 568, 569, 574, 585, 739, 753 examination of witnesses, 171, 408, 409, 413, 430, 440 expeditious trial, 217, 257, 762 fundamental rights of, 197, 348, 547 initial appearance, 220, 538, 546, 570, 632 joinder, 632 legal aid, 541, 546, 584, 585, 586 length of trials, 707 oral argument, 12, 217, 228 presence of, 7, 34, 141, 143, 165, 230, 247, 256, 275, 298, 313, 324, 434, 435, 442, 461, 495, 544, 696 presumption of innocence, 99, 111, 127, 495, 551, 612, 704 privileges and immunities, 292, 573 public hearing, 429, 433, 494, 495, 496, 629, 704, 705, 728 questioning, 18, 154, 159, 352, 430, 431, 448, 457, 462, 467, 479, 537, 538, 563, 637, 657, 757 right to fair and public hearing, 429, 433 rights of, generally, 17, 98, 113, 118, 220, 225, 257, 392, 428, 429, 432, 495, 527, 528, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 542, 544, 546, 547, 548, 549, 551, 558, 570, 574, 611, 622, 656, 7 16, 7 56, 7 5 7, 7 62 rights, protective measures to be consistent with. See (Protective measures) self-incrimination, 425, 705 states to assist with, 476 surrender, state obligation to assist with. See (State) test imony of, 32, 3 4, 636, 652 time and facilities, 655 Acquittal, 12, 227, 228, 246, 300, 301, 369, 607 motion for judgment of, 12, 607 Actus reus, 70, 83, 84, 119, 205, 207, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 253 Ad hoc international tribunals. See International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) ; International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) Additional Protocol I, 262, 296, 303, 345 Additional Protocol II, 218, 221, 262, 313, 345, 361, 759 acts of terrorism, 261, 262, 263, 265, 271, 272, 273, 276, 277, 278, 279, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 316, 354, 626, 638 collective punishments, 109, 265, 638 pillage, 86, 104, 107, 109, 134, 198, 262, 282, 311, 378, 626, 62 8, 63 8, 64 4 Additional Protocols of 1977 (APs), 261 Administration of justice, 447, 449, 462, 463, 464, 470, 682 Admissibility of evidence, 106, 220, 226, 258 He ars ay, Admissions adversarial system, 756 Advisory Committee on Legal Texts International Criminal Court (ACLT), 574, 580, 581, 582, 583, 585, 586 Advocates, 341, 351, See also Counsel African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights, 734 African Union (AU), 61, 329, 333, 334, 335, 339 Age, 4 1, 4 8, 19 6, 2 02, 2 3 8, 2 39, 2 4 9, 3 4 1, 3 4 2, 3 4 3, 3 4 4, 3 4 5, 3 46, 35 3, 35 4, 356, 35 7, 359, 361, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 36 9, 3 70, 3 7 1, 52 7, 597, 61 7, 62 4, 630, 63 1, 63 8, 670, 67 1, 70 8, 7 1 0, 7 19, 7 59, See also Child, children Aggravation, aggravating factors, 271, 376, See also Sentencing Agreement between the United Nations and Government of Sierra Leone on the Establishment of a Special Court for Sierra Leone, 551 Aid and abet, aiding and abetting, 4, 78, 82, 91, 98, 164, 167, 170, 266, 276, 377, 378, 531 All People s Congress (APC) Party, 6, 628 Amendment of the indictment, 217, 224 Amicus Curiae Brief, 71, 347,

2 776 Amnest y, 7, 8, 9, 3 3, 4 4, 4 7, 4 9, 5 4, 5 8, 61, 1 65, 297, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 379, 381, 402, 426, 482, 483, 523, 530, 693, 696, 705, 706, 726, 727, 738, 740, 744, 746, 754, 764, See also Lomé Peace Agreement Amnesty International, 33, 49, 54, 58, 349, 384, 522, 523 Annual Report, 396, 433, 434, 473, 506, 510, 558, 672, 673, 677, 722 Appeal(s), 12, 13, 14, 16, 29, 35, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 7 5, 7 6, 7 7, 7 8, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 8 8, 8 9, 9 0, 9 1, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 105, 108, 115, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 130, 136, 13 7, 139, 1 4 4, 1 4 6, 1 4 7, 1 4 8, 15 1, 15 3, 154, 156, 157, 165, 167, 168, 170, 171, 174, 175, 179, 193, 194, 211, 215, 223, 231, 232, 237, 238, 239, 241, 242, 244, 2 4 5, 2 4 7, 248, 250, 251, 252, 255, 258, 264, 266, 267, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 277, 279, 282, 285, 296, 297, 301, 302, 303, 306, 313, 314, 317, 318, 325, 327, 328, 335, 342, 3 4 3, 3 4 4, 361, 365, 3 7 5, 3 7 6, 3 7 7, 3 7 8, 3 8 1, 3 82, 383, 394, 401, 402, 40 9, 4 1 0, 4 1 1, 4 1 2, 4 13, 4 15, 4 1 7, 4 1 8, 4 21, 4 2 2, 4 2 8, 4 3 7, 4 62, 4 63, 4 64, 4 65, 4 82, 4 83, 4 94, 4 96, 556, 558, 559, 561, 568, 572, 576, 580, 593, 594, 610, 611, 612, 613, 63 8, 64 8, 64 9, 650, 65 1, 6 94, 706, 70 8, 709, 726, 753, 759, 761, See also Appeals chamber, Appeals proceedings Appeals chamber, 375, 731, 761 Appeals proceedings, 663 Appearance, 76, 77, 151, 231, 275, 407, 421, 433, 434, 476, 477, 478, 512, 632, 731, 741 initial, 220, 538, 546, 570, 632 Appellant, 126, 127, 266, 285 Aptel, Cecile, 16, 290, 340, 362, 387, 707 Armed conflict, 11, 26, 73, 87, 89, 90, 128, 130, 131, 131, 143, 144, 145, 150, 162, 170, 204, 234, 235, 236, 238, 255, 257, 261, 262, 263, 264, 269, 270, 272, 273, 277, 278, 279, 2 83, 2 86, 2 8 7, 2 8 8, 2 8 9, 29 0, 29 1, 292, 293, 294, 29 5, 296, 297, 29 8, 29 9, 30 0, 301, 302, 303, 304, 307, 3 1 4, 319, 320, 32 3, 3 4 2, 3 4 3, 3 4 5, 3 4 6, 3 4 7, 3 4 8, 3 4 9, 352, 356, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 406, 420, 427, 593, 603, 604, 605, 612, 615, 630, 631, 643, 644, 652, 702, 709, 719, 727 international, 130, 261, 263, 277, 283, 287, 296 non-international, 90, 128, 130, 131, 131, 143, 288, 300, 302, 303, 304, 319, 320, 343 Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC), 8, 11, 26, 46, 128, 149, 165, 193, 215, 234, 277, 343, 365, 373, 447, 529, 638, 643 Arnold, Roberta, 16, 148, 260 Ar re st, 25, 2 8, 3 4, 7 7, 13 7, 152, 2 8 9, 32 5, 32 6, 32 7, 329, 331, 332, 333, 334, 336, 337, 338, 339, 368, 407, 469, 473, 492, 507, 530, 534, 538, 574, 575, 632, 692, 700, 703, 704, 714, 715, 721, 762 Arrest warrant, 316, 327, 330 Arson, 5, 589 Ashraph, Sareta, 17, 550, 574, 585 Assembly of States Parties of the International Criminal Court (ASP), 65, 198, 334, 387, 388, 391, 577, 579, 580, 582, 584, 585, 586 Attack(s), 4, 6, 16, 29, 31, 34, 36, 102, 116, 151, 153, 174, 202, 203, 204, 206, 209, 212, 213, 214, 225, 227, 248, 253, 260, 262, 264, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 27 8, 2 80, 2 8 1, 2 82, 2 84, 2 85, 2 8 7, 2 8 8, 2 8 9, 29 0, 291, 292, 293, 294, 29 5, 29 6, 29 8, 29 9, 30 0, 301, 302, 303, 304, 306, 307, 311, 313, 316, 324, 335, 338, 354, 358, 395, 437, 571, 627, 631, 638, 643, 646, 707, 708 against the civilian population, 204, 206, 209, 212, 273, 276, 277, 278, 282, 300, 301, 638 on civilian population, 202, 203, 311 systematic, 202, 204, 209, 212, 276, 277, 300, 301, 638 widespread, 202, 206, 209, 212, 276, 300, 301 Azanian Peoples Organization (AZAPO), 320 Bangura, Mohamed A., 19, 692 Bantekas, Ilias, 15, 170, 181 Battle Group Commander, 101, 151, 153 Battlefield Commander, 151 Beatings, 137, 198, 760, See also Crimes against humanity Bias, 77, 441, 518, 543, 629, 687, 758, See also Impartiality Binding orders, 415, 416, 422, See also Orders British Broadcasting Cooperation (BBC), 27, 36, 515, 516, 5 1 7, 5 18, 5 19, 52 6 Bullets, 155, 164, 166, 168, 175, 189, 631, 639 Burden of proof. See Accused Burning, 5, 7, 73, 110, 114, 275, 282, 284, 285, 287, 358 Bush wives, 5, 15, 196, 197, 223, 224, 228, 245, 246, 249, 252 Carter, Linda E., 19, 724 C hamb ers, 1 0, 1 6, 2 4, 4 9, 70, 7 5, 7 8, 7 9, 83, 8 8, 97, 9 8, 1 13, 115, 126, 127, 129, 136, 139, 156, 170, 175, 214, 215, 223, 232, 238, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 251, 253, 255, 256, 328, 344, 375, 381, 391, 408, 410, 417, 421, 428, 432, 438, 448, 449, 451, 456, 460, 461, 463, 464, 473, 505, 506, 511, 532, 540, 548, 551, 558, 559, 561, 568, 570, 574, 580, 593, 599, 602, 609, 610, 654, 675, 677, 685, 714, 726, 731 Charge, charging, 24, 26, 28, 32, 49, 62, 100, 106, 107, 121, 124, 144, 149, 154, 155, 168, 179, 193, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228, 232, 243, 244, 245, 249, 254, 277, 281, 282, 300, 301, 342, 343, 348, 355, 362, 365, 368, 370, 413, 467, 534, 550, 615, 626, 631, 638, 639, 640, 647, 648, 707, 709, 711, 715, 716, 720 cumulative, 348 nature and cause of charge, 76, 97, 99, 121, 220, 222, 647 C har ter, 1, 2, 4 3, 19 8, 19 9, 2 1 8, 2 83, 29 0, 29 1, 292, 293, 294, 297, 298, 306, 317, 327, 328, 332, 335, 336, 469, 478, 480, 573, 594, 595, 596, 701, 719, 734, See also Nuremberg, Tokyo United Nations, 291, 469 Child, children, 4, 5, 7, 16, 26, 27, 29, 30, 35, 43, 44, 48, 52, 73, 86, 97, 102, 104, 107, 109, 149, 160, 165, 167, 173, 193, 196, 200, 202, 203, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 223, 224, 229, 240, 245, 248, 254, 257, 269, 271, 276, 27 7, 2 84, 2 85, 29 0, 3 13, 32 1, 3 3 8, 3 40, 3 4 1, 3 4 2, 3 4 3, 3 4 4, 3 45, 3 4 6, 3 4 7, 3 4 8, 3 4 9, 350, 35 1, 352, 35 3, 35 4, 35 5, 356, 35 7, 35 8, 359, 36 0, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 36 6, 367,

3 , 369, 3 70, 3 7 1, 378, 379, 387, 427, 428, 441, 454, 467, 4 7 7, 507, 529, 61 4, 61 7, 62 4, 62 6, 630, 63 1, 63 8, 639, 640, 643, 644, 657, 694, 699, 701, 707, 708, 719, 720, 727, 728, 738, 740, 759, 763 Child soldiers abduction, 5, 73, 361, 365, 369 conscription, 284, 342, 343, 344, 345, 361, 365, 368, 631, 643, 719 enlistment, 4, 16, 343, 345, 361, 368, 369 recruitment, 4, 5, 86, 165, 257, 277, 285, 290, 340, 341, 3 4 2, 3 43, 3 4 4, 3 4 8, 35 3, 35 5, 356, 35 7, 359, 361, 364, 365, 366, 367, 36 8, 36 9, 3 70, 707, 70 8, 7 19 use in hostilities, 357 Civil Defense Forces (CDF), 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 26, 28, 29, 36, 61, 64, 65, 66, 72, 77, 109, 117, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 135, 136, 153, 154, 155, 159, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 187, 189, 190, 216, 225, 226, 234, 235, 244, 257, 258, 259, 2 7 7, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 287, 298, 312, 344, 361, 365, 3 7 1, 3 7 3, 3 7 5, 3 7 6, 3 7 7, 3 7 8, 3 8 0, 3 82, 3 83, 394, 414, 419, 420, 447, 448, 493, 529, 530, 532, 551, 555, 55 7, 560, 561, 56 9, 6 04, 6 05, 62 4, 62 5, 62 8, 629, 630, 63 1, 632, 63 3, 63 4, 635, 636, 63 7, 63 8, 639, 640, 64 1, 672, 682, 693, 698, 699, 705, 706, 715, 720, 721, 742, 753, 756, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, 7 67, 7 69 Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), 51, 53, 396, 403, 506, 507, 508, 50 9, 5 19, 52 0, 52 6 Civ i l i an, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 29, 52, 7 2, 7 3, 85, 8 9, 97, 1 02, 103, 110, 112, 114, 115, 116, 118, 120, 131, 135, 140, 142, 147, 148, 152, 153, 156, 157, 165, 167, 170, 173, 175, 185, 186, 187, 190, 202, 203, 204, 206, 209, 212, 214, 224, 225, 227, 236, 239, 242, 245, 248, 254, 255, 256, 257, 261, 262, 263, 264, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 2 84, 2 85, 2 86, 2 8 7, 2 88, 2 8 9, 29 0, 29 1, 292, 293, 294, 29 5, 296, 297, 29 8, 299, 30 0, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 311, 312, 313, 338, 339, 345, 353, 354, 355, 358, 365, 380, 468, 475, 483, 530, 625, 629, 631, 638, 641, 643, 644, 693, 699, 707, 708, 716, 747, 752, 753, 760 Civilian population, 202, 203, 204, 206, 209, 212, 214, 248, 255, 262, 263, 264, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 2 7 5, 27 6, 27 7, 2 7 8, 2 82, 2 83, 2 84, 2 85, 2 86, 2 8 7, 2 8 8, 295, 300, 301, 304, 311, 365, 638 Clark, Theresa, 19, 746 Closed sessions, 429, 432, 433, 444, 491, 499 protection of victims and witnesses, 423, 428, 429 transcripts of, 432 Closing arguments, 13, 229, 368, 453, 632, 646 Coalition for Justice and Accountability (CoJA), 52, 58, 679, 683 Collective punishment(s), 104, 109, 114, 127, 265, 378, 63 8 Combatant, 5, 6, 8, 9, 61, 89, 91, 116, 145, 152, 213, 228, 263, 264, 270, 271, 274, 279, 280, 281, 287, 288, 290, 291, 293, 294, 295, 297, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 312, 321, 343, 346, 347, 364, 367, 369, 370, 371, 378, 490, 602, 608, 629, 630, 631, 693, 704, 705, 738 Command responsibility, 36, 77, 128, 129, 130, 131, 135, 140, 141, 143, 144, 145, 147, 148, 152, 159, 160, 168, 170, 171, 175, 179, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 188, 269, 365, 635 SCSL Article 6(3), 129, 144 Commission for the Consolidation of Peace (CCP), 52 Common Article 3 to the Geneva Conventions, 218, 263, 266, 279, 287, 531, 759 Common criminal purpose, 84, 90, 91, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 126, 127, See also Joint criminal enterprise Common law system, 718 Compensation to victims, 137, 722 Concurrent jurisdiction. 476, 487, See also Jurisdiction C onflict of interest, 534, 548, 552, 556, 686 Constitution, 7, 43, 339, 545, 718 Sierra Leone Constitution, 415, 416, 717 Contempt, 373, 407, 408, 458, 479, 576, 578 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), 202, 203 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), 345, 349, 352, 361, 719 Convicted person(s), 113, 114, 376, 472, 474, 721, 722, 732, 735 C onv ic t ion, 1 2, 13, 1 4, 1 6, 32, 4 4, 63, 65, 6 9, 8 1, 8 8, 8 9, 9 0, 91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100, 103, 104, 107, 108, 109, 120, 121, 124, 125, 126, 127, 140, 144, 149, 170, 181, 182, 183, 189, 209, 229, 232, 239, 243, 244, 248, 263, 268, 269, 271, 280, 299, 301, 302, 343, 344, 354, 355, 358, 365, 368, 373, 389, 394, 404, 549, 576, 605, 636, 638, 639, 640, 694, 698, 707, 709, 710, 718, 719, 721, 722, 726, 7 31, 7 67, cumulative, 243 C ouns el, 13, 15, 1 7, 56, 63, 64, 9 6, 1 4 4, 394, 39 5, 402, 407, 410, 411, 412, 415, 418, 447, 448, 451, 454, 457, 466, 467, 473, 493, 494, 495, 528, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 5 4 1, 542, 543, 545, 546, 547, 548, 5 4 9, 5 50, 551, 552, 553, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 56 6, 567, 56 8, 56 9, 5 70, 5 7 1, 5 7 3, 5 74, 5 7 6, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 586, 590, 593, 601, 603, 604, 620, 62 1, 635, 64 6, 64 7, 64 8, 65 1, 652, 65 5, 656, 65 7, 729, Counsel of the Defense. See Defense counsel Counts in the indictment, 12, 109 Creation of the Special Court, 96, See also Establishment of a Special Court Credibility of witnesses, 17, 425, 457 Crimes against humanity, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 18, 28, 43, 46, 61, 73, 101, 164, 166, 174, 181, 193, 194, 198, 199, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 212, 2 13, 2 1 4, 217, 218, 231, 234, 237, 238, 243, 246, 250, 277, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 320, 321, 323, 329, 336, 349, 354, 355, 366, 368, 377, 380, 482, 531, 570, 575, 579, 582, 589, 595, 626, 638, 644, 646, 709, 710, 752, 759, 764 apartheid, 320 deportation, 203, 358, 377 enslavement, 26, 86, 97, 102, 103, 107, 109, 193, 199, 200, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 224, 2 3 4,

4 778 Crimes against humanity (cont.) 241, 242, 244, 247, 249, 251, 252, 254, 285, 300, 341, 348, 644 extermination, 42, 203 gravity, 27, 69, 137, 176, 204, 205, 213, 218, 230, 231, 246, 266, 271, 330, 350, 358, 376, 463, 597, 616, 617, 618, 622, 624, 653 imprisonment, 3, 14, 108, 138, 173, 178, 203, 266, 298, 325, 349, 354, 377, 378, 384, 407, 408, 472, 473, 522, 531, 576, 579, 584, 638, 725, 732, 733, 761, 764 murder(s), 26, 27, 28, 44, 97, 114, 138, 142, 163, 176, 199, 203, 204, 205, 236, 254, 265, 269, 275, 280, 283, 293, 303, 311, 354, 355, 377, 378, 578, 626, 634, 638, 639, 644 nexus with armed conflict, 277, 279, 283, 301 not required for state policy, 206 other forms of sexual violence, 228, 229, 254, 257, 258 other inhumane acts, 15, 198, 203, 204, 205, 214, 218, 219, 221, 226, 228, 229, 230, 231, 245, 248, 251, 257, 354, 355, 626, 638, 762 prostitution, 203, 207, 208, 211, 224, 226, 354, 355, 366 rape, 3, 26, 44, 115, 134, 141, 142, 150, 193, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 214, 216, 222, 223, 224, 226, 230, 234, 235, 236, 237, 23 8, 239, 2 40, 2 4 1, 243, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 275, 286, 311, 341, 348, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 369, 428, 441, 477, 626, 643, 644, 677, 762 sexual slavery, 193, 194, 199, 200, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 216, 222, 224, 226, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 235, 239, 240, 241, 2 4 2, 2 43, 244, 245, 246, 247, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254, 257, 258, 259, 284, 285, 311, 341, 342, 348, 355, 356, 357, 359, 363, 644, 709 sexual violence, 5, 73, 86, 97, 104, 107, 109, 115, 165, 198, 201, 203, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 213, 215, 216, 223, 224, 226, 228, 234, 235, 236, 243, 244, 246, 248, 251, 252, 254, 255, 256, 258, 284, 286, 341, 347, 348, 353, 354, 355, 356, 35 7, 359, 362, 4 27, 4 7 7, 70 8, 7 65 torture, 165, 193, 198, 199, 200, 203, 205, 206, 207, 214, 254, 265, 267, 268, 269, 275, 280, 315, 316, 321, 322, 323, 341, 348, 354, 355, 383, 522, 575, 643 Cruel treatment (also inhumane treatment), 138, 198, 241, 258, 267, 268, 269, 276, 354, 355, 378, 63 8, 64 4 Cumulative convictions, 243, See also Form of the indictment defective indictment, 76 Curran, Vivian Grosswald, 41 Customar y mar r i age, 19 5, 19 6, 197, 201 Defense counsel, 17, 56, 64, 96, 144, 407, 448, 457, 466, 467, 493, 494, 533, 535, 536, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 555, 5 56, 5 5 7, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 56 8, 569, 570, 571, 579, 580, 581, 584, 586, 590, 593, 601, 604, 62 1, 64 7, 65 1, 656, appointment, 535, 548 assignment of, 557 duty counsel, 534, 535, 538, 540, 541, 546, 553, 557, 559, 560, 561, 562, 564, 565, 56 6, 567, 5 70 right to choose, 552 warning, 123, 552 withdrawal, 539, 540, 558 Defense team, 36, 217, 227, 228, 453, 506, 534, 535, 536, 539, 540, 541, 548, 550, 552, 553, 555, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 566, 567, 56 8, 56 9, 5 70, 5 7 1, 6 07, 656 deguzman, Margaret M., 16, 373 Deliberations, 150, 151, 458, 459, 649, 656 Deportation, 358 Detention, 18, 35, 64, 103, 121, 131, 137, 138, 211, 229, 230, 237, 245, 264, 266, 267, 269, 285, 289, 295, 298, 300, 301, 303, 326, 329, 335, 336, 338, 399, 469, 474, 476, 480, 492, 497, 534, 535, 538, 539, 540, 547, 557, 564, 566, 570, 574, 575, 579, 627, 632, 637, 656, 677, 695, 704, 716, 762 conditions, 13, 267, 579 detention unit, 495, 712 pre-trial, 579 DiBella, Amy E., 17, 423 Directive on the Assignment of Counsel (DAC), 540, 541, 542, 546, 656 Disclosure, 13, 36, 100, 104, 105, 106, 108, 124, 125, 451, 462, 479, 604, 607, 658, 698, 717 prosecution, 106, 604, 607, 658, 698 Discretion, 14, 24, 25, 120, 121, 154, 219, 392, 401, 410, 418, 421, 431, 451, 456, 458, 460, 467, 531, 540, 591, 593, 604, 605, 610, 611, 613, 619, 620, 696, 697, 698, 763 Dittrich, Viviane, 19, 663 Donsos, 628 Due process, 96, 97, 126, 127, 138, 208, 407, 461, 527, 644, 699, 716, 718, 725, 733, 734, 757, 762 Duty counsel, 534, 535, 538, 540, 541, 546, 553, 557, 559, 560, 561, 562, 564, 565, 56 6, 567, 5 70 Duty to prevent or punish, 137 Easterday, Jennifer, 17, 437, 447 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), 8, 61, 153, 297, 312, 470, 529 Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG), 48, 65, 153, 195, 290, 297, 390, 529, 629, 635, 636, 699, 705 E ff ective control, 27, 33, 36, 128, 132, 133, 135, 136, 145, 1 4 6, 1 4 7, 1 4 8, 1 4 9, 1 5 0, 1 5 2, 1 5 3, 1 5 4, 1 5 5, 1 5 6, 1 5 7, 1 6 7, 168, 169, 170, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, Elements of crimes, 50, 198, 204, 208, 209, 210, 212, 218, 237, 238, 240, 253, 304, 368, 575, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 585 Enforcement of sentences, 472, 473, 474 Enslavement, 26, 86, 97, 101, 102, 103, 107, 109, 193, 199, 200, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 213, 224, 234, 241, 242, 244, 247, 249, 251, 252, 254, 285, 300, 341, 348, 644 Establishment of a Special Court, 470, 531, 719, 763 Establishment of a Special Court for Sierra Leone, 9, 25, 97, 198, 214, 313, 323, 382, 391, 425, 434, 470, 471, 472,

5 , 481, 505, 512, 551, 554, 589, 624, 628, 630, 644, European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), 99, 27 6, 32 1 European Court of Human Rights, 42, 321 Evidence, 11, 17, 24, 27, 28, 31, 33, 37, 50, 53, 55, 57, 79, 8 1, 82, 84, 92, 97, 98, 100, 104, 106, 107, 108, 109, 112, 116, 119, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 127, 129, 132, 132, 139, 140, 141, 147, 149, 150, 156, 164, 168, 183, 184, 185, 188, 189, 190, 193, 200, 216, 217, 219, 222, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 2 32, 2 36, 2 3 8, 2 4 1, 2 4 2, 2 4 4, 2 4 5, 2 4 6, 2 4 7, 249, 251, 252, 254, 256, 257, 258, 273, 275, 283, 284, 288, 298, 300, 303, 304, 323, 350, 352, 355, 358, 370, 37 1, 3 83, 40 0, 40 6, 407, 40 8, 4 1 0, 4 1 1, 4 1 2, 4 13, 4 1 4, 4 1 7, 4 18, 4 19, 4 2 0, 4 2 1, 4 2 2, 4 2 3, 4 2 5, 4 2 6, 4 2 7, 4 2 8, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 435, 436, 437, 4 3 8, 4 39, 4 40, 444, 445, 448, 449, 451, 452, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 462, 463, 464, 466, 474, 476, 477, 479, 487, 489, 495, 499, 500, 501, 506, 507, 514, 519, 520, 524, 525, 528, 532, 533, 535, 536, 552, 556, 565, 573, 576, 578, 579, 580, 582, 583, 598, 600, 604n. 90, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 612, 618, 623, 625, 627, 629, 630, 634, 637, 638, 640, 64 5, 64 7, 64 8, 65 1, 652, 65 3, 65 4, 65 8, 703, 705, 7 15, 7 1 7, 7 18, 7 35, 740, 7 50, 7 5 1, 7 5 5, 7 56, 7 5 7, 7 61 admissibility, 106, 107 documentary, 79, 429, 430, 431, 433 expert report, 429, 637 expert witness, 28, 355, 498, 633, 637 he ars ay, presentation of, 119, 423, 652, 653 reliability, 463 rules of evidence, 578, 718 statement of, 77 test imoni a l, 4 29 Ex parte, 463, 464 Exculpatory evidence, 489, 498, 499, 658 Expeditious trial, 257, 762 Expenses, 391, 448, 454, 456, 459, 463, 471, 716 Expert witness, 28, 355, 498, 633, 637 Facts, 44, 73, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 94, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 116, 119, 120, 122, 123, 126, 127, 136, 139, 153, 165, 167, 169, 170, 172, 186, 216, 217, 220, 253, 276, 281, 301, 337, 415, 419, 425, 439, 453, 488, 642, 653, 669, 750, 757, 760, 761, 766, 767 adjudicated, 653 statement of, 76 Fair trial, 17, 80, 94, 97, 98, 99, 108, 113, 122, 225, 233, 258, 392, 404, 405, 409, 412, 413, 420, 422, 456, 461, 463, 465, 495, 507, 535, 544, 546, 549, 550, 551, 562, 649, 652, 653, 655, 659, 685 False testimony, 430, 450, 453, 459, 757 Forc e d mar r i age, 4, 1 6, 1 6, 193, 194, 19 8, 19 9, 2 01, 2 02, 2 03, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 2 1 2, 2 13, 2 1 4, 215, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 2 3 4, 2 35, 2 36, 2 4 4, 2 4 5, 2 46, 2 4 7, 2 4 8, 2 4 9, 2 50, 251, 252, 254, 257, 258, 259, 353, 354, 35 5, 356, 35 7, 359, 3 8 7, 707, 70 8, 70 9, 7 62 Ford, Stuart, 17, 182, 394, 505 Form of the indictment, 75, 76, 78, 81, 229 Frulli, Micaela, 16, 325, 709 Fundamental rights, 42, 197, 275, 280, 348, 351, 428, 547, 64 7, 65 1, 7 36 Gallant, Kenneth S., 17, 572 Gb ao, Au g ust i ne, 13, 13, 15, 29, 35, 36, 70, 7 1, 7 7, 8 1, 8 8, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 9 5, 9 6, 1 01, 1 03, 104, 105, 107, 108, 112, 115, 126, 127, 129, 136, 144, 151, 153, 193, 216, 217, 228, 232, 234, 239, 243, 248, 285, 289, 295, 296, 299, 303, 3 4 2, 3 4 4, 365, 36 9, 3 7 3, 407, 40 8, 40 9, 4 13, 4 1 4, 4 1 8, 419, 421, 422, 457, 490, 494, 531, 538, 539, 541, 565, 566, 693, 698, 709, 757, 759, 761, 764 Gberie, Lansana, 18, 18, 624 Gell, Annie, 18, 18, 123, 124, 642, 709 Geneva Convention of 1949 grave breaches, 265, 267, 268, 272, 277, 319, 320, 693 Geneva Conventions of 1949 (GCs), 261 Greatest responsibility, 5, 6, 10, 15, 18, 24, 25, 26, 32, 34, 35, 48, 64, 97, 198, 214, 222, 278, 307, 327, 350, 351, 362, 370, 37 3, 401, 4 1 4, 4 1 8, 4 19, 4 4 7, 4 67, 4 8 1, 4 83, 4 94, 531, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 604, 605, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 61 2, 613, 61 4, 615, 61 6, 61 7, 61 8, 619, 62 0, 62 1, 622, 623, 624, 630, 644, 696, 698, 702, 710, 755, 758, 759, 7 63, 7 68 He ars ay, Hors de combat, 140, 152, 264, 280, 288, 302 Hostages, hostage-taking, 9, 13, 265, 289, 301, 483, 530 Hostilities, 4, 7, 8, 16, 87, 140, 152, 224, 262, 264, 270, 275, 279, 280, 281, 282, 287, 291, 295, 297, 302, 304, 305, 306, 320, 3 40, 3 4 1, 3 4 2, 3 4 3, 3 4 4, 3 4 5, 3 4 6, 3 4 7, 3 4 8, 357, 359, 361, 364, 365, 368, 369, 371, 434, 597, 638, 70 8, 746 Human rights, 8, 17, 41, 43, 46, 51, 56, 63, 64, 66, 96, 99, 120, 197, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, 207, 210, 212, 213, 214, 221, 250, 251, 278, 280, 295, 315, 320, 321, 322, 324, 337, 338, 339, 346, 351, 364, 366, 367, 380, 408, 409, 413, 423, 428, 429, 436, 469, 475, 481, 482, 506, 509, 5 1 4, 520, 52 1, 52 3, 52 4, 52 5, 52 7, 5 4 8, 5 70, 5 7 1, 5 7 3, 575, 576, 643, 673, 693, 695, 699, 700, 702, 707, 711, 713, 718, 719, 720, 727, 728, 729, 736, 744, 746, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, 760 Hybrid, 2, 70, 97, 166, 217, 264, 339, 340, 360, 379, 380, 381, 383, 384, 387, 390, 400, 404, 447, 460, 461, 468, 469, 622, 642, 644, 646, 647, 648, 654, 656, 658, 663, 666, 667, 679, 680, 683, 684, 686, 700, 701, 738, 742, 746 Immunity, 16, 31, 33, 58, 318, 321, 322, 325, 326, 327, 32 8, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 336, 339, 380, 381, 402, 412, 4 13, 4 1 4, 4 15, 4 1 6, 4 1 7, 4 1 8, 4 19, 4 2 0, 4 2 1, 422, 453, 639, 694, 709, 728 state immunity, 322, 325, 326 Impartiality, 292, 306, 328, 330, 425, 534, 698, 731, 741, 757 Imprisonment, 14, 108, 138, 178, 266, 349, 377, 378, 407, 408, 522, 576, 579, 584, 638, 725, 732, 733, 761, 764

6 780 Incapacity, 211, 229, 474, 747 Indictment(s), 4, 11, 12, 13, 18, 25, 36, 65, 69, 71, 72, 7 3, 74, 7 5, 7 6, 7 7, 7 8, 7 9, 8 0, 8 1, 83, 84, 85, 86, 8 8, 9 1, 92, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 187, 198, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 232, 243, 246, 249, 254, 256, 257, 258, 266, 267, 274, 275, 277, 278, 284, 285, 286, 325, 326, 329, 331, 332, 336, 361, 36 8, 3 8 9, 394, 401, 402, 4 2 6, 4 30, 4 40, 4 4 7, 473, 531, 532, 538, 553, 559, 570, 601, 604, 604, 606, 606, 612, 629, 630, 631, 632, 634, 635, 636, 638, 642, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 652, 683, 694, 698, 700, 704, 706, 707, 709, 719, 721, 726, 762 amendment of, 217, 224, 258 confirmation/review, 74, 101 sealed, 644 specificity, 74, 79, 103, 104, 105, 121, 648 vagueness, 79 Indictment(s) locations Base Zero, 154, 155, 169, 631, 639 Bo, 52, 53, 93, 94, 115, 116, 150, 168, 631, 633, 712 Bonthe, 155, 156, 169, 170, 631, 632, 639 Kenema, 52, 53, 93, 94, 150, 285, 431, 628, 631 Kor ib ond o, 29, 63 1 Moyamba, 170, 631 Talia, 633, 639 Tongo Field, 631 Indigent, 534, 535, 541, 542, 552, 553, 556, 557 Individual criminal responsibility, 4, 5, 15, 73, 78, 109, 112, 154, 171, 198, 199, 248, 261, 262, 265, 269, 270, 271, 279, 296, 299, 302, 343, 359, 364, 406, 500, 593, 634 Inequality of arms, 533, 569 Initial appearance, 220, 538, 546, 570, 632 Innocence, presumption of, 99, 111, 127, 495, 551, 612, 704 Interests of justice, 66, 75, 206, 244, 323, 432, 458, 495, 534, 544, 557 Interlocutory appeals, 343, 561 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 262, 263, 269, 291, 318, 320, 321, 322, 326, 327, 330, 334, 346, 376, 382, 708 International Court of Justice (ICJ), 318, 326, 327 International Criminal Court (ICC), 16, 24, 30, 43, 49, 50, 5 1, 52, 54, 5 5, 56, 5 8, 59, 62, 65, 6 6, 83, 86, 8 7, 13 4, 139, 1 4 7, 15 7, 1 7 3, 1 85, 19 8, 2 07, 2 19, 2 3 7, 2 3 8, 2 39, 2 40, 2 4 2, 243, 244, 253, 260, 261, 273, 281, 289, 290, 296, 303, 304, 307, 317, 318, 322, 325, 328, 329, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 3 3 8, 3 39, 3 40, 3 4 2, 3 4 3, 3 4 4, 3 4 5, 3 4 7, 3 4 8, 368, 379, 384, 387, 388, 391, 395, 400, 403, 407, 40 8, 4 11, 4 2 1, 4 2 2, 4 35, 4 4 4, 4 7 1, 4 74, 4 7 6, 4 8 0, 5 1 1, 5 1 2, 52 7, 54 7, 54 8, 5 4 9, 561, 564, 5 7 1, 5 7 2, 5 7 3, 5 74, 5 7 5, 5 7 6, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 5 82, 5 83, 5 84, 5 85, 5 86, 59 1, 599, 600, 623, 645, 716, 725, 735, 740, 744 R ome St atute, 30, 4 9, 5 8, 62, 6 6, 8 7, 13 4, 1 4 7, 1 4 8, 19 9, 205, 207, 208, 218, 221, 240, 243, 269, 272, 273, 289, 290, 291, 296, 302, 304, 306, 307, 318, 319, 322, 323, 329, 333, 334, 345, 361, 368, 395, 512, 548, 549, 575, 599, 623, 700, 716, 735, 765 International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), 1, 3, 4, 10, 16, 2 4, 2 4, 2 7, 2 8, 3 1, 32, 35, 36, 4 7, 4 9, 7 1, 74, 75, 77, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 120, 121, 122, 126, 127, 144, 146, 147, 148, 156, 185, 186, 187, 198, 199, 206, 219, 220, 221, 222, 238, 244, 260, 261, 264, 265, 277, 278, 279, 283, 287, 328, 331, 332, 336, 341, 375, 376, 377, 379, 382, 390, 398, 403, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 420, 432, 433, 434, 435, 441, 462, 463, 464, 465, 469, 471, 500, 501, 511, 527, 533, 535, 5 5 1, 5 52, 554, 560, 572, 573, 577, 578, 579, 584, 589, 591, 592, 593, 597, 598, 599, 612, 663, 665, 666, 667, 675, 679, 691, 706, 708, 719, 724, 725, 726, 730, 731, 732, 7 3 3, 7 3 4, 7 35, 740, 74 1, 74 2, 74 3, 74 4, 74 5 International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), 1, 24, 47, 70, 96, 144, 167, 237, 258, 261, 315, 326, 375, 408, 511, 551, 580, 589, 642, 663, 726, 733 Interpreters, 569 Investigations, 11, 24, 80, 105, 106, 107, 139, 217, 219, 225, 368, 394, 395, 435, 445, 449, 451, 452, 456, 462, 490, 497, 499, 533, 538, 542, 548, 562, 563, 569, 600, 604, 659, 687, 696, 698, 711, 736 conduct of, 462 Jalloh, Charles Chernor, 1, 18, 64, 65, 97, 297, 379, 382, 383, 401, 425, 483, 513, 547, 554, 589 Joinder, 632 Joint criminal enterprise, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 83, 84, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94, 102, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 117, 118, 119, 121, 182, 377, 626, 638, 644, 646, 649, 650 Jord ash, Way ne, 15, 1 7, 2 4, 3 3, 9 6, 4 4 7, 62 6 Judges, 10, 11, 12, 14, 29, 32, 34, 35, 51, 53, 69, 70, 73, 79, 82, 92, 94, 120, 164, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172, 177, 178, 182, 214, 227, 236, 243, 244, 246, 247, 249, 251, 258, 266, 270, 274, 276, 290, 307, 325, 326, 327, 337, 341, 347, 348, 375, 376, 379, 381, 382, 384, 394, 395, 407, 408, 425, 448, 459, 471, 492, 512, 533, 535, 537, 547, 578, 591, 593, 594, 601, 602, 603, 605, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 611, 61 2, 613, 61 7, 62 2, 62 3, 62 6, 63 3, 63 4, 63 7, 63 8, 639, 640, 646, 64 8, 650, 65 1, 652, 65 3, 65 4, 65 5, 656, 65 8, 659, 674, 677, 698, 707, 709, 711, 714, 716, 724, 726, 7 31, 7 32, 74 1, 7 5 8, 7 61, 7 64 designated, 219, 220 Judgments, 73, 78, 79, 88, 129, 160, 164, 167, 171, 188, 198, 217, 235, 236, 239, 240, 241, 249, 251, 254, 257, 272, 283, 353, 358, 368, 373, 375, 376, 380, 400, 451, 456, 463, 464, 62 5, 6 8 7, 7 5 3, 7 5 5, 7 5 8, 7 6 0, 7 61, 7 64, 7 65, 7 66, 7 67, final judgment, 2, 3, 58, 78, 105, 123, 126, 140, 153, 220, 230, 234, 236, 237, 239, 241, 242, 243, 246, 252, 253, 255, 258, 259, 340, 456, 457, 463, 464, 478, 626, 632, 633, 635, 709 motion for judgment of acquittal, 12 t r i a l judg me nt, 1 2, 70, 7 1, 7 2, 7 3, 74, 7 7, 7 9, 8 0, 8 1, 82, 83, 84, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 100, 103, 105, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 120, 121, 123, 126, 129, 130, 132, 133, 13 4, 135, 136, 13 7, 13 8, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 187, 193, 231, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 2 39, 2 40, 2 4 1,

7 , 2 43, 2 4 4, 2 4 5, 2 4 6, 2 4 8, 2 4 9, 2 5 1, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 258, 285, 286, 289, 290, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 30 6, 307, 365, 4 64, 65 3 Judicial economy, 716 Judicial notice, 653 adjudicated facts, 653 Jur is dic t ion, 4, 5, 6, 1 0, 15, 1 8, 2 5, 2 6, 2 8, 4 8, 5 3, 5 4, 5 7, 7 2, 73, 79, 83, 89, 92, 96, 97, 144, 165, 166, 178, 189, 197, 198, 213, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 223, 261, 262, 264, 269, 270, 272, 273, 278, 282, 291, 293, 295, 297, 311, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 32 5, 32 6, 32 7, 32 8, 329, 330, 331, 333, 334, 337, 340, 342, 348, 350, 353, 356, 359, 360, 361, 362, 364, 367, 368, 369, 376, 382, 401, 448, 451, 462, 476, 477, 478, 482, 483, 531, 537, 573, 575, 576, 577, 578, 581, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 59 5, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 606, 606, 607, 608, 609, 611, 612, 613, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 62 1, 62 2, 62 3, 62 4, 62 8, 630, 64 4, 652, 67 9, 696, 697, 698, 700, 706, 708, 716, 725, 731, 732, 740, 7 5 5, 7 56, 7 5 7, 7 5 8, 7 59, 7 6 0, 7 63, 7 64, 7 65, 7 6 6, challenge to jurisdiction, 72, 297, 311, 381, 402, 483, 706, 744 concurrent jurisdiction, 476, 487 ratione loci, 589 ratione materiae, 313, 589 ratione personae, 590, 592 ratione temporis, 589 Jus cogens, 43, 44, 205, 314, 315, 316, 317, 319, 322, 323 Kabb a h, A h ma d Te j an, 7, 8, 9, 1 0, 2 5, 2 8, 4 6, 6 0, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 72, 153, 195, 284, 297, 312, 313, 381, 407, 409, 4 11, 4 1 4, 4 15, 4 1 6, 4 1 7, 4 1 8, 4 19, 420, 421, 422, 424, 4 26, 4 70, 4 83, 4 9 0, 4 94, 529, 5 30, 6 07, 62 8, 629, 630, 635, 636, 637, 641, 644, 680, 681, 682, 697, 699 Ka l lon, Mor r is, 13, 29, 35, 36, 70, 7 1, 7 2, 7 7, 8 1, 1 01, 1 03, 104, 105, 107, 108, 112, 115, 127, 129, 136, 151, 152, 153, 193, 216, 228, 232, 234, 239, 243, 248, 285, 289, 295, 296, 297, 299, 303, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 319, 342, 344, 365, 369, 373, 381, 402, 407, 408, 409, 413, 414, 418, 419, 421, 422, 457, 483, 531, 538, 539, 541, 627, 635, 693, 698, 706, 709, 744, 757, 759, 764, 767 Kamajor(s), 29, 153, 154, 155, 156, 164, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 187, 188, 189, 285, 340, 361, 62 8, 629, 63 1, 63 3, 63 4, 635, 63 8, 639, 640, 705 Kapras, 628 Kendall, Sara, 16, 387, 471, 545, 684 Kidnapping(s), 44, 62, 165, 293, 303, 365, 370 Killing(s), 27, 28, 29, 32, 35, 43, 46, 73, 86, 104, 107, 109, 114, 116, 125, 184, 236, 257, 265, 284, 289, 300, 303, 312, 341, 353, 359, 522, 530, 631, 640, 760, See also Murder(s) Laws or customs of war, violations of, 265, 266, 271 Liberia, 6, 13, 57, 58, 64, 65, 167, 184, 194, 277, 290, 298, 311, 326, 335, 336, 337, 338, 365, 368, 369, 377, 383, 384, 404, 420, 421, 435, 447, 473, 474, 475, 476, 507, 508, 509, 514, 522, 531, 538, 625, 626, 627, 628, 632, 634, 635, 643, 645, 654, 679, 721, 722, 729, 760 Locations Bo District, 52, 53, 93, 94, 115, 150, 631, 633 Tikonko, 116, 285, 358 Locations Bombali District, 141, 150 Karina, 227, 285, 358 Locations Bosnia-Herzegovina, 290 Locations Freetown, 50, 58, 195, 224, 227, 277, 355, 358, 378, 400, 402, 435, 452, 471, 478, 481, 482, 483, 486, 496, 508, 645, 648, 656, 657, 694, 701, 702, 703, 711, 712, 713, 715 Locations Kailahun District, 6, 93, 102, 103, 142 Kailahun town, 93, 103 Locations Kenema District, 52, 53, 93, 94, 150, 285, 628, 631 Tongo Field, 631 Locations Kono District, 93, 94, 115, 132, 225 Locations Port Loko District, 761 L o c at ions Rw and a, 1, 3, 4, 1 4, 19, 2 3, 2 4, 2 7, 2 8, 32, 35, 36, 41, 47, 62, 64, 66, 70, 82, 99, 105, 106, 144, 167, 184, 186, 187, 199, 219, 222, 238, 244, 258, 260, 261, 290, 293, 295, 318, 324, 337, 368, 375, 389, 394, 408, 410, 4 2 5, 4 7 1, 4 7 2, 4 7 3, 4 74, 4 7 7, 4 7 8, 4 8 0, 5 1 1, 5 1 7, 52 5, 550, 551, 573, 576, 589, 598, 631, 639, 663, 667, 680, 708, 724, 725, 726, 730, 731, 732, 7 3 3, 7 3 4, 740, 74 1, 74 2, 743, 74 5 Locations Western area, 64, 761 Fre e tow n, 2, 6, 9, 1 2, 1 4, 15, 1 7, 19, 2 3, 2 4, 2 8, 3 4, 36, 4 1, 4 4, 46, 4 8, 50, 5 1, 52, 5 3, 5 4, 5 7, 62, 94, 15 1, 19 5, 2 85, 32 4, 33 8, 363, 40 0, 402, 405, 4 1 4, 4 3 4, 4 35, 4 4 4, 4 4 5, 454, 461, 480, 486, 492, 493, 506, 507, 509, 530, 564, 594, 603, 627, 629, 632, 636, 637, 645, 646, 672, 675, 678, 687, 695, 697, 705, 724, 726, 742, 758, 762 Pademba Road, 33 Locus standi, 540 Lomé Peace Agreement, 8, 9, 10, 46, 61, 195, 297, 299, 305, 312, 481, 482, 530, 696, 702, 705, 720, 727 Malicious Damage Act, 72, 760, 763 Management committee, 10, 391, 392, 393, 472, 510 Marong, Alhagi B.M., 289, 708 Martin, Scott, 15, 96, 626 Materiality, 100 Meisenberg, Simon M., 69, 626 Mens rea, 70, 82, 87, 119, 121, 146, 156, 213, 238, 240, 242, 253, 270, 275, 281, 282, 306 customs of war, 145, 267, 277 genocide and, 3, 181, 337, 731 knew or had reason to know, 146, 237, 279, 303 persecution, 2, 203, 269, 275, 276, 287, 377 war crimes, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 18, 27, 28, 42, 46, 61, 62, 73, 101, 148, 164, 166, 174, 193, 194, 198, 206, 208, 213, 214, 238, 243, 244, 245, 261, 263, 265, 271, 272, 276, 277, 278, 279, 284, 286, 288, 289, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 312, 314, 315, 316, 319, 320, 323, 329, 336, 344, 349, 354, 355, 366, 368, 377, 378, 379, 380, 434, 441, 469, 482, 570, 575, 579, 582, 589, 595, 624, 626, 631, 638, 639, 642, 644, 646, 663, 665, 701, 702, 709, 710, 719, 752, 764 Miscarriage of justice, 488

8 782 Motions, 79, 216, 217, 222, 223, 224, 225, 227, 228, 289, 436, 553, 563, 564, 601, 604, 605, 649, 651, 659 interlocutory appeal, 75, 118, 119, 340, 342 preliminary, 289, 605 Murder(s), 26, 27, 28, 44, 61, 97, 114, 138, 142, 163, 176, 199, 204, 205, 236, 254, 265, 275, 280, 283, 303, 311, 378, 626, 63 4, 63 8, 64 4 Mu r ungu, C ha cha Bhoke, 1 7, 40 6, 64 1 Nallo, Albert, 154, 634 Necessity, 12, 77, 121, 200, 264, 278, 280, 287, 288, 329, 330, 380, 405, 409, 412, 414, 424, 426, 470, 478, 562, 640, 731, 732, 736, 749, 766 Nigeria, 6, 29, 64, 65, 152, 321, 337, 338, 390, 395, 404, 420, 473, 474, 629, 636, 645, 699, 762 Nmehielle, Vincent O., 17, 379, 513, 527, 555, 557, 558, 559, 565, 567, 5 7 3, 5 74, 5 83, 5 85 Novogrodsky, Noah B., 16, 361, 707 Nulla poena sine culpa, 90 Nullum crimen sine lege, 90, 126, 197, 198, 199, 215, 218, 233, 252, 302, 361, 377 Nu remb erg, 2, 3, 4, 1 0, 15, 2 7, 4 1, 4 2, 4 3, 4 4, 1 8 7, 19 8, 199, 218, 265, 317, 364, 527, 532, 533, 551, 591, 593, 594, 595, 596, 624, 642, 665, 667, 688, 691, 708, 747 Offi ce of the Principal Defender (OPD), 11, 17, 528, 535, 536, 538, 539, 540, 542, 543, 546, 547, 550, 551, 553, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 56 6, 567, 56 8, 569, 5 70, 5 7 1, 656 Offi ce of the Prosecutor, 24, 63, 135, 222, 332, 367, 395, 398, 427, 428, 449, 451, 458, 471, 477, 506, 533, 545, 555, 556, 558, 559, 560, 568, 574, 600, 647, 648, 657, 675, 676, 686, 695, 697, 698, 703, 713, 756, 757, See also Prosecutor Oosterveld, Valerie, 16, 232, 234, 285, 708 Open session, 454 Operations, 11, 14, 28, 29, 50, 57, 89, 91, 140, 141, 143, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 167, 189, 222, 263, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 302, 303, 305, 306, 312, 313, 338, 339, 3 4 7, 369, 39 1, 392, 394, 39 5, 39 6, 397, 39 8, 39 9, 402, 403, 434, 440, 462, 465, 469, 470, 471, 472, 476, 478, 4 8 1, 4 87, 4 9 1, 4 92, 4 93, 50 0, 507, 5 13, 5 15, 5 1 7, 5 32, 5 35, 548, 555, 572, 576, 579, 583, 584, 585, 629, 631, 633, 635, 637, 654, 663, 684, 686, 694, 695, 697, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 7 1 1, 7 13, 7 29, 74 3, 7 5 4, 7 5 5, 7 5 7, 7 62, 7 65, 7 66, 7 68 Black December, 629, 631 operation pay yourself, 135 Opinions, 5, 19, 44, 48, 70, 77, 88, 89, 90, 93, 94, 120, 144, 145, 148, 151, 156, 157, 170, 175, 179, 182, 227, 230, 244, 245, 246, 271, 275, 302, 313, 314, 316, 317, 318, 319, 334, 342, 343, 347, 375, 394, 416, 417, 418, 421, 422, 517, 546, 625, 636, 640, 651, 709, 721, 764, 767 concurring, 408, 422 dissenting, 19, 77, 92, 93, 118, 123, 157, 176, 217, 230, 244, 2 4 5, 27 5, 3 4 2, 3 4 3, 3 4 7, 3 7 5, 3 7 8, 4 1 1, 4 1 6, 4 1 7, 4 1 8, 4 2 1, 422, 640, 753, 767 s ep arate, 94, 3 4 7, 394, 40 8 Ord ers, 92, 1 1 4, 132, 13 3, 13 4, 135, 13 7, 1 40, 1 4 1, 1 4 9, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 166, 167, 169, 183, 186, 188, 270, 274, 305, 322, 326, 335, 408, 411, 412, 415, 418, 421, 486, 492, 545, 597, 626, 634, 639, 698, 703, 752, 756 Outrages upon personal dignity, 234, 243, 244, 245, 253, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 377, 626, 644, 762 Penfold, Peter, 60, 632, 636 Perpetrator(s), 4, 8, 16, 62, 71, 72, 76, 77, 82, 86, 87, 92, 102, 105, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 128, 129, 136, 138, 139, 141, 146, 150, 153, 158, 159, 181, 189, 193, 197, 199, 203, 204, 206, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 2 1 4, 2 1 7, 223, 224, 225, 230, 231, 232, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 245, 247, 249, 251, 253, 255, 264, 276, 279, 283, 2 86, 304, 3 1 7, 32 2, 32 4, 3 3 7, 35 1, 352, 35 3, 359, 362, 367, 369, 372, 374, 406, 447, 461, 465, 467, 469, 482, 483, 484, 485, 488, 489, 490, 494, 495, 575, 577, 592, 593, 594, 596, 597, 598, 600, 602, 603, 606, 608, 609, 613, 617, 644, 666, 696, 697, 699, 701, 702, 703, 704, 706, 708, 709, 721, 727, 730, 731, 734, 736, 739, 740, 741, 742, 750, 752, 753, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 766, 7 67, 7 68, Personal jurisdiction, 10, 18, 328, 401, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 602, 603, 604, 605 Pillage, 86, 104, 107, 109, 134, 262, 282, 311, 378, 626, 628, 638, 644 Plenary of Judges, 558, 580, 581, 582 sessions, 541 Practice directions, 392, 495, 717 Pregnancy, forced, 193, 199, 200, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 211, 214, 226, 366 President of the Special Court, 393, 396, 397, 398, 429, 434, 471, 472, 506, 507, 533, 558, 672, 674, 675, 694, 701, 728 Prevention of Cruelty to Children Act, 72, 356, 719, 760 Primacy, 180, 317, 382, 476, 477, 481, 485, 487, 497, 757 Principal Defender, 11, 13, 17, 64, 528, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 550, 552, 553, 555, 557, 558, 559, 560, 562, 563, 565, 56 6, 567, 583, 64 6, 64 8, 65 5, 656, 7 15 Acting Principal Defender, 534, 553, 557 Deputy Principal Defender, 567 Prosecutor, 2, 10, 11, 19, 27, 28, 31, 74, 101, 117, 124, 342, 350, 360, 3 82, 39 5, 39 9, 40 0, 401, 404, 407, 4 9 0, 4 9 9, 5 84, 597, 602, 603, 609, 619, 623, 624, 625, 629, 638, 646, 647, 686, 696, 706, 708, 729 Protective measures, 17, 50, 349, 423, 427, 428, 429, 432, 436, 43 8, 4 4 9, 4 52, 4 7 7, 4 7 9, 4 9 1, Provisional detention, 538 Provost, René, 15, 155, 159, 181, 188 Public hearings, 494, 629 R ap e. See Crimes against humanity Rapp, Stephen J., 14, 23, 63, 379, 388, 389, 390, 391, 400, 401, 4 26, 4 2 7, 4 4 8, 4 5 1, 63 8 Reasonable doubt, 72, 99, 106, 150, 167, 168, 227, 229, 275, 281, 301, 605, 606, 612, 618, 622, 626, 638, 646, 652, 761, 764

9 783 Registrar, 11, 28, 55, 56, 63, 179, 391, 394, 395, 397, 398, 399, 427, 428, 430, 441, 472, 477, 492, 494, 495, 496, 513, 527, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 540, 542, 544, 545, 552, 553, 554, 556, 558, 559, 560, 568, 579, 583, 655, 674, 675, 710, 714, 715, 722, 756 Acting Registrar, 655 Revolutionary United Front (RUF), 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 1 4, 15, 1 7, 1 8, 2 5, 2 6, 2 9, 32, 3 3, 3 4, 35, 3 6, 3 7, 4 6, 4 7, 52, 6 0, 61, 62, 64, 6 6, 7 0, 7 1, 7 2, 7 3, 74, 7 5, 7 6, 7 7, 7 8, 8 0, 8 1, 84, 8 6, 8 7, 8 8, 8 9, 9 0, 9 1, 92, 93, 9 4, 9 5, 9 6, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 124, 125, 126, 1 2 7, 1 2 8, 1 2 9, 1 32, 1 3 3, 1 3 4, 1 35, 1 3 6, 1 3 7, 1 3 8, 1 3 9, 1 4 0, 1 4 1, 1 4 2, 1 4 3, 15 1, 152, 15 3, 1 6 5, 1 8 7, 193, 19 4, 19 5, 2 0 5, 215, 216, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 2 2 8, 2 29, 2 32, 2 3 4, 2 35, 2 3 6, 2 3 7, 2 3 8, 2 3 9, 2 4 0, 2 4 1, 2 4 2, 2 4 3, 2 4 4, 2 4 5, 2 4 8, 249, 251, 253, 254, 255, 256, 2 5 7, 2 7 7, 2 84, 2 85, 2 8 6, 2 8 9, 2 9 0, 2 9 1, 2 92, 2 9 6, 2 97, 29 8, 29 9, 3 0 0, 3 0 1, 3 02, 3 03, 3 04, 3 0 5, 3 0 6, 307, 311, 312, 313, 324, 340, 344, 353, 354, 355, 35 6, 35 8, 3 63, 3 6 5, 3 7 3, 3 7 5, 3 7 6, 3 7 8, 3 8 1, 4 2 6, 4 4 7, 4 4 8, 4 5 1, 4 52, 4 53, 454, 455, 456, 457, 459, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 4 7 8, 481, 482, 483, 494, 529, 530, 531, 555, 557, 559, 561, 5 63, 5 6 5, 5 6 9, 62 5, 62 6, 62 7, 62 8, 62 9, 63 1, 63 8, 64 3, 644, 646, 652, 657, 672, 683, 693, 698, 704, 705, 706, 708, 709, 715, 720, 721, 727, 759, 760, 761, 763, 764, 7 6 5, 7 6 6, 7 67 Revolutionary United Front of Sierra Leone (RUF/SL), 61, 312 Rights of suspects, 538, 556, 560 Rules of Procedure and Evidence (RPE), 11, 50, 75, 216, 219, 221, 406, 408, 412, 427, 428, 432, 451, 533, 535, 556, 573, 576, 578, 579, 583, 598, 607, 756 Rule 2, 408 Rule 103, 139 Rule 26bis, Rule 34, 428 Rule 39, 451, 458, 460 Rule 40bis, Rule 44, 535 Rule 45, 528, 533, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 546, 547, 556, 557, 558, 559, 563, 564, 568, 656 Rule 47, 216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 647, 648 Rule 50, 220, 243, 244 Rule 54, 408, 409, 411, 412, 413, 414, 417, 418, 703 Rule 61, 538 Rule 70(A), 451 Rule 72, 75 Rule 75, 432, 479 Rule 77, 407, 458, 576 Rule 78, 432 Rule 79, 432, 479 Rule 84, 408 Rule 90, 34 Rule 92bis, 431 Rule 92quater, 430, 431 Rule 92ter, 430, 431 Rule 98 bis, 227, 228, 230 Rule 5, 584 SCSL Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 55, 411, 414, 607 Sadat, Leila Nadya, 16, 311, 482 San koh, Fo d ay S ay b ana, 6, 8, 9, 1 1, 13, 32, 3 3, 3 4, 36, 4 7, 61, 62, 63, 64, 7 1, 7 2, 7 7, 1 15, 1 40, 1 4 2, 152, 19 5, 2 7 7, 297, 311, 312, 342, 481, 530, 531, 538, 625, 626, 627, 756 Sanusi, Shakiratu, 17, 469 Scharf, Michael P., 15, 193, 232, 234, 244, 708 Seat of the Court, 14, 424 Sentencing, 3, 16, 108, 271, 325, 326, 368, 373, 374, 3 7 5, 3 7 6, 377, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 39 5, 656, 7 19, 7 67 Sesay, Alpha, 17, 466, 481, 702 Sesay, Issa Hassan, 12, 36, 96, 101, 102, 216, 289, 299, 344, 365, 409, 418, 420, 447, 452, 473, 494, 531, 539, 563, 62 7 Sexual offenses, 286 Sierra Leone People s Party (SLPP), 7, 628, 629 Sierra Leonean law, 8, 10, 26, 196, 214, 218, 250, 278, 313, 356, 366, 375, 379, 382, 485, 531, 589, 590, 597, 601, 616, 644, 696, 702, 720, 759, 763 Malicious Damage Act, 760, 763 Prevention of Cruelty to Children Act, 356, 760 Sivakumaran, Sandesh, 15, 128, 159, 181 Smith, Alison, 46, 182, 520 Special Court Working Group (SCWG), 52, 53, 54 State cooperation, 407 Status conference, 217, 439, 555, 557, 653, 717 Statute (Special Court for Sierra Leone) Article 1, 369 Article 2, 203 Article 3, 266, 277, 278, 279, 282, 283, 285 Article 4, 277, 278, 290, 300, 302, 307, 346, 364 Article 6, 70, 327, 391 Ar t i cle 7, 350 Article 15, 63 Article 16, 427 Article 17, 220, 222, 408, 420, 537, 551 Article 19, 719 Article 20, 70 Subject matter jurisdiction, 10, 198, 361, 763 Superior responsibility, 100, 128, 139, 144, 145, 146, 1 4 7, 1 4 8, 1 4 9, 150, 15 1, 152, 15 3, 15 4, 15 5, 156, 15 7, 158, 167, 168, 173, 174, 232, 377, 378, 644, 646, See also Command responsibility Supreme Council, 150 Suspects. See Rights of suspects Taylor, Charles Ghankay, 3, 4, 6, 13, 18, 28, 33, 36, 41, 43, 44, 58, 65, 66, 69, 74, 78, 89, 96, 123, 144, 165, 183, 184, 194, 232, 249, 318, 324, 325, 326, 327, 336, 338, 344, 355, 365, 366, 369, 373, 376, 377, 381, 383, 384, 394, 395, 400, 402, 404, 420, 421, 425, 431, 432, 434, 435, 438, 439, 447, 458, 473, 474, 476, 477, 478, 488, 493, 507, 531, 538, 540, 545, 553, 591, 625, 626, 642, 643, 644, 64 5, 64 8, 64 9, 650, 65 1, 652, 65 3, 65 5, 658, 663, 667,

10 , 692, 693, 694, 698, 699, 709, 710, 711, 714, 715, 720, 721, 724, 726, 757, 758, 762, 764, 766, 767 Temporal jurisdiction, 10, 26, 48, 57, 218, 223, 362, 369, 401, 448, 531, 612, 628, 630 Territorial jurisdiction, 589, 601, 760, 764 Thompson, Sidney, 15, 215, 234, 708 Tokyo, 3, 10, 260, 527, 551, 575, 594, 595, 596, 688, 691, 708 Tor ture. See Crimes against humanity Transfer, 6, 34, 36, 55, 58, 135, 139, 209, 269, 276, 335, 336, 337, 377, 408, 434, 443, 469, 473, 474, 476, 477, 478, 507, 645, 676, 692, 696, 703, 710, 711, 712, 714, 717, 721, 732, 756 Tr ansl ators, 4 93, 4 97, 70 0 Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 5, 6, 8, 17, 26, 29, 37, 46, 49, 51, 57, 60, 60, 152, 165, 324, 352, 360, 461, 466, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486, 488, 492, 494, 495, 496, 515, 516, 529, 626, 627, 678, 683, 702, 703, 704, 705, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 750, 754, 759, 7 60, 7 61 United Nations, 16, 25, 47, 48, 50, 54, 60, 61, 62, 165, 195, 218, 276, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 297, 303, 307, 312, 313, 316, 317, 323, 328, 373, 382, 388, 389, 390, 391, 393, 396, 397, 399, 469, 470, 472, 474, 476, 480, 482, 485, 492, 505, 511, 513, 530, 533, 551, 561, 577, 589, 616, 680, 722, 724, 726, 731, 737, 747, 757, 764 United Nations Charter, 291, 469 United Nations Secretary-General (UNSG), 60, 61, 62, 63, 536, 605, 608, 757 United Nations Security Council (U.N. S.C.), 13, 14, 63, 298, 299, 304, 305, 335, 478, 483, 589, 590, 591, 597, 598, 601, 605, 608, 609, 616, 617, 618, 619 Universal jurisdiction, 261, 262, 295, 314, 316, 317, 318, 319, 328, 478, 573, 575 van der Wilt, Harmen, 71, 128, 132, 136, 144, 145, 157, 159, 181 Victims, 8, 16, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 43, 46, 54, 56, 57, 66, 102, 104, 105, 124, 181, 184, 194, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 209, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 224, 225, 226, 229, 230, 232, 233, 235, 236, 238, 241, 245, 246, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 255, 256, 257, 258, 271, 274, 275, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 286, 306, 324, 338, 340, 341, 346, 347, 348, 3 4 9, 35 1, 352, 35 3, 35 5, 356, 35 7, 35 8, 359, 362, 363, 367, 369, 370, 371, 372, 376, 380, 384, 423, 425, 427, 428, 429, 430, 432, 434, 435, 436, 439, 440, 448, 449, 461, 465, 466, 468, 477, 479, 481, 482, 483, 484, 494, 496, 501, 507, 509, 520, 531, 578, 581, 602, 641, 647, 653, 657, 680, 681, 699, 701, 702, 703, 704, 709, 720, 722, 725, 72 7, 72 8, 7 3 3, 7 35, 7 36, 7 3 7, 7 3 8, 74 5, 7 5 1, 7 52, 7 5 3, 7 56, 7 61, 7 65, 7 6 6, 7 67, 7 6 8, compensation to victims, 137, 766 prote c t ion of, 4 2 8, 4 29 Witnesses, 12, 17, 18, 30, 30, 33, 34, 35, 56, 107, 108, 120, 122, 123, 141, 151, 162, 173, 183, 184, 226, 246, 258, 357, 362, 363, 367, 3 70, 392, 40 0, 401, 402, 407, 40 8, 40 9, 4 11, 4 12, 4 13, 4 15, 4 1 6, 4 2 3, 4 2 5, 4 2 6, 4 2 7, 4 2 8, 4 29, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 4 3 7, 4 3 8, 4 39, 4 40, 4 4 1, 4 4 2, 4 4 3, 4 4 4, 4 4 5, 4 4 6, 4 4 7, 4 4 8, 4 4 9, 4 50, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 474, 476, 477, 4 7 8, 4 7 9, 488, 489, 490, 491, 493, 495, 498, 499, 500, 563, 576, 5 7 8, 607, 62 3, 62 7, 632, 64 2, 64 5, 64 6, 652, 65 3, 65 7, 658, 659, 680, 695, 698, 699, 701, 704, 7 30, 7 32, 7 3 8, 7 56, cross-examination of, 120, 437, 456, 459 expert witnesses, 28, 355, 498, 633, 637 identity of, 491