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2 Objectives 0 Examine the changes caused by Germanic migrations into the Roman Empire. 0 Identify the cause of the end of the Western Roman Empire. 0 Follow the sequence of Germanic conquests in the western Europe. 0 Evaluate the cultural, economic, and political changes associated with the manor system.

3 Quick Summary on Key Content 0 In the late A.D. 300 s and A.D. 400 s Germanic tribes began entering the Western Roman Empire. 0 In A.D. 476 Rome fell to a Germanic tribe called the Vandals. 0 Germanic tribes continued to invade Roman lands in western Europe. 0 Germanic conquests destroyed much of Roman civilization, replacing it with the manor system.

4 The Germanic Tribes 0 Romans considered Germanic people to be barbarians because they were not educated in Roman ways. ROMANS GERMANIC PEOPLE Education Educated in Roman ways Not Educated in Roman ways Culture Lived in large cities Lived in Villages Resources Many were farmers Many were mainly herders Government Roman Republic Most tribes had no form of government

5 The Germanic Tribes 0 Although most Germanic tribes had no form of government, they did have a system. 0 Usually a respected person within the tribe settled disagreements but had little authority otherwise. 0 Strongest leaders served as military and religious chiefs. 0 For some time Germanic people were allowed to live peacefully in the Roman empire; some even served in the Roman army and some Became military leaders.

6 The Germanic Tribes 0 In the late 300 s A.D., the Germanic tribes began entering Roman territory in large numbers. 0 The cause of the huge migration was because their own lands were being taken over by a people from Central Asia called the Huns. Don t know him? Watch Mulan!

7 The Germanic Tribes 0 The Huns were a wandering, warlike people. 0 By attacking the Germanic tribes, the Huns caused one of the largest migrations of people in world history. 0 Historians called this migration of the Germanic people into the Western Roman Empire, The Migration of Nations.

8 The End of the Western Empire 0 Germanic Tribe: Goths 0 Visigoths 0 Fled into the western Roman Empire, under their leader Alaric. 0 They invaded the Italian peninsula and took Rome by force. 0 Later on the Visigoths moved to land that are now Spain and France. 0 Ostrogoths 0 Were attacked by the Huns and were overrun and absorbed into the Hun Empire. 0 Germanic Tribe: Vandals 0 Vandals crossed the Rhine River in Germany and took control of Gaul, now known as France. 0 Vandals enter what is now Spain. 0 Vandals set up a kingdom in northern Africa. 0 Vandals attack Rome. 0 They looted shops and government buildings, stealing items of value. 0 They also destroyed monuments and temples.

9 The End of the Western Empire 0 By A.D. 476 the Germanic lead by Odoacer (the first Germanic King of the Italian Peninsula), overthrew the Roman emperor at the time Romulus Augustulus. This was considered by historians to be the end of the Roman Empire.

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11 More Germanic Conquests After the Western Roman Empire ended, Germanic Tribes continued to claim Roman land in western Europe. Germanic Tribes Angles Saxons Jutes Franks Lombards Areas of invasions eastern & southern Britain eastern & southern Britain eastern & southern Britain Gaul (France) Italy, Austria

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13 Life in a Changing Land 0 The Germanic invasions destroyed much of what the Romans and earlier civilizations had developed in the lands of the former Western Roman Empire. 0 By A.D. 800s, art had changed and education had declined there. 0 Industry and trade also suffered greatly. 0 Farming once again became the most important economic activity. (No more cities and towns). 0 Europe had broke into many small kingdoms. (This is because there was no strong government to unite the different regions.) 0 A few people used the system of well-built Roman roads that had united much of the empire.

14 Life in a Changing Land 0 The kingdoms were divided into large plots of land called manors. 0 Wealthy landlords owned the manors, which were farmed by peasants, or common people. 0 The manor lands were divided into sections. 0 The peasants paid for the use of their plots with goods and services they provided to the lord. 0 At the same time the peasant depended on the lord for protections. 0 This economic system for exchanging land use and protection for goods and services came to be called the manor system.

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16 Life in a Changing Land 0 Many peasants on the manors were serfs. 0 Serfs were part of the property; if a lord sold his manor, the new lord would own the serfs as well as the land. 0 Unlike salves, serfs could not be sold without land. 0 The serfs lived in small shelters built around a large manor house or castle.

17 Life in a Changing Land 0 Most manors also included a : 0 Church, 0 A mill for grinding grain into flour, 0 And buildings in which craftworkers worked. Each manor was nearly self-sufficient. The manor system lasted in western Europe until the early 1100 s, when trade, industry, and cities began to grow again.

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