Index. K Knowles, M., 3 Kolb s learning cycle, 8, 203 Kolb s learning styles, 26, 110

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1 A Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) program requirements, 55 Action research, , 389 Active learning, 7 8, 14, 43, 55, 87, 90, 94, 100, 111, 117, 122, 138, 139, 144, 203, 373 Adult learning, 3 10, 249, 250 Anatomical sciences education, a journal, 393, 396, 397 Anatomical theaters, 185, 187 Anatomy education, 23, 40, 44, 45, 55 58, , 121, 122, 155, 163, 177, 179, 181, 237, 238, 240, 244, 256, 259, 270, 299, , 320, , 373, , , , instruction, 108, 237, 248, 253 laboratory, 56, 90, 145, 148, 151, 187, 188, 190, 203, , , 225, , 249, 256, 269, 300, 314, 315, 336, 365, 367, 370, 375, 377 pedagogy, , 193 teaching, 23 30, 41 46, 48, 50 52, 67, 94, 116, 126, 155, , 189, 193, 195, 213, , 234, 247, 267, 268, 303, 320, 326, 327, 339, , 360, 388, 389, 392, 393 ARS. See Audience response system (ARS) Art, 3, 152, , 175, 176, 185, 230, 268, 270, 320, 325 Assessment, 4 7, 10, 18, 20, 23, 24, 26, 29 36, 48, 51, 61, 62, 78, 83, 100, 108, 110, 111, 113, 119, 127, 128, 135, 136, 139, , 148, 165, 166, 176, 188, , 196, 197, 200, , 237, , 273, , , 319, 320, 322, 326, 327, , 342, 348, , , 379, 384, , 391, 394, Cognitive and Psychomotor, 249, 306 Assessment blueprint, , 287 Audience response system (ARS), 19, 65, 67, 77, 92, 93, , 151, 186, 187, 251, 254, 303, 306, 314, 322, B Basic science, 55, 78, 79, 89, 90, 100, , 121, 122, 144, 185, 224, 248, 292, 308, 318, 331, , 339, 348, , 358, 369, 394 Biohazard safety, 225 Blended instruction, 249 Bloom s taxonomy, 6, 33, 61, 62, 205, 216, 283 Body donation, , 198, 224, 225 Body paint, 25, 121, , 217, 218, 315, 347, 358, Briefing sessions, C Cadaveric anatomy, 42, 158, 218, 357 Cadavers, 16, 42, 90, 110, 120, 145, 151, 155, , 162, , 181, 198, 201, 203, 204, 209, 210, 215, 216, 220, , 228, 254, 269, 270, 316, 320, 332, 336, 341, 342, 357, 377, 387, 388 Case-based learning (CBL), 101, Cell and molecular anatomy, 42 CER cycle, 14 17, 19 Ceremony, 201, Certification, , 227 Chunking, 242, 243 Clicker, 64, 65, 77, 78, 144, 186, Clinical anatomy, 40, 188, 190, 269, 273, 280, 285, 384, 388, 389, 393, 394, 397 Clinical case, 58, 125, 128, 191, 204, 208, 210, 219, 224, 254, 272, 287, 316, 360, 366 Clinical examination skills, 377 Clinical faculty, 55 57, 314, 342, 366, 367 Clinical practice, 24, 41, 42, 90, 99, 104, 125, 158, 161, 162, 318, 341, 359, 373 Clinical relevance, 49, 101, 119, 122, 134, 158, 291, 294, 355, 356, 374 Clinical skills, 116, 128, 155, 158, 159, 282, 377 Clinical tools, 232, 233 Clinical vignette, 108, , 138, 252, 368 L.K. Chan and W. Pawlina (eds.), Teaching Anatomy: A Practical Guide, DOI / , Springer International Publishing Switzerland

2 400 CLT. See Cognitive load theory (CLT) CME. See Continuing medical education (CME) Cognitive load, , 244, 245, 262 Cognitive load theory (CLT), 217, 240 Cognitive overload, 126, 217, 218, 242 Cognitive style, 62 Collaborative learning, 7, 73, 100, 115, 121, 128, 165, 288, 301, 322, 324, 369, 378 Communication, 12, 13, 17 20, 46, 49, 100, 112, 143, 146, 147, 163, 176, 187, 190, 200, 225, 273, 280, 282, 299, , , 325, 326, 394 Communication skills, 67, 90, 100, 104, 151, 219, 220, 270, 273, 274, 287, 299, 320, 321, , 376, 379 Compassion, 148, 303, 322, 323, 347, 348 Computers, 13, 63, 64, 68, 69, 74 76, 127, 187, 190, 215, 237, 238, 247, 248, , 256, 257, 259, 293, 366 Conceptualization, 8, 14 16, 20, 109, 110, 191, 215, 216 Consent, 127, 161, , 322, 387 Conservation, Constructive alignment, 6, 31 37, 61, 217, Constructive learning, 115, 121, 250 Continuing medical education (CME), 269, 274, 376 Continuous improvement, Continuous professional development (CPD), 83 Copyright, 253, 256, 257 Core anatomy, 219 Counseling, 198 Course development, 50, Course materials, 89, 93, 137, 170, 190, 249, 303, 345 Course timing, 43 CPD. See Continuous professional development (CPD) Critical reflection, Critical thinking, 33, 86, 90, 92, 94, 133, 147, , 324, 331, 375 Culture, 9, 27 29, 63, 87, 92, 100, 102, 150, 155, 177, 201, 300, 321, 334, 335, 340, , 346 Curriculum, 13, 25, 32, 34, 40, 47, 48, 55, 73, 76 78, 89, 90, 94, , 127, 129, , , 150, 152, 156, 157, 185, , 198, 207, 219, 224, 253, 257, , 279, 283, 284, 287, 291, 292, , 303, 308, , 318, , , , , 354, 356, 358, , 369, 373, 375, 384, design, 13, 47, 48, 116, 325 curricular development/curriculum development, 116, 255, 327, 394 curricular integration, 272, , 388 management, 145, 146, 333, 336 curricular reform/curriculum reform, 248, 313, 314, 316 D Debriefing, 51, 145, 148, 150 Deming cycle, 263 Demonstration, 16, 26, 43, 47, 50, 58, 66, 67, 75, 121, 147, 148, 161, 188, 199, 228, 242, 244, 248, 264, 301, 314, 365, 368, 373, 374 Demonstrators, 26, 39, 45 46, 263 Index Dental anatomy, , 358 Dental programmes, 355 Dental students, Design (of laboratory activities), Detached concern, 195, 196, 198, 200 Dexterity, 215, 319 Diagrams, 28, 29, 43, 91 94, 110, 159, 237, 242, 244, 375 Digital model, 239, 259 Directive feedback, Dissection, 7, 8, 18, 23, 25, 34, 42-44, 46, 56, 78, 90, 92 94, , 108, 109, , 126, 128, 129, 134, , 148, 149, 151, 155, 158, 159, , 185, , , , , 224, 225, , 238, 248, 251, 253, 259, 270, 300, 301, 303, 306, , 325, 326, , 339, 341, 342, 347, 353, 356, 357, , 373, 374, 377, 379, 384, instruments, room, 42, 43, , 187, 200, 205, 388 workstation, E E-books, 13, 19, 89, Educational research, 46, 256, , 387, Educational technology, 13, 14, 394 E-learning, 20, 32, 121, , 169, 186, 188, 190, 193, , 354, 386, 387, 396 Embalming, 178, 179, 188, 189, 223, 229, Embryology, 25, 90, , 247, 256, 303, , 353, 354, 359, 360 Emotions, 195, 198, 200, 201, 323, 348 Empathy, 83, 126, 195 Enthusiasm, 47, 48, 63, 64, 68, 70, 86, 151, 217, , 265, 333, 378, 379 Ethics, 325, 326, 347 Evaluation, 6, 8, 18, 20, 33, 48, 51, 62, 82, 86, 87, 91, 92, 107, 126, , , 150, 159, , 170, 178, 181, 191, 203, 205, 209, , 283, 297, , 306, 308, 320, 323, 333, 334, 347 Expertise, 13 15, 20, 75, 91, 116, 145, 175, 341, 343, 378, 379 Extraneous load, , 245 Eye contact, 63, 64, 66, 70, 86, 207 F Facilitative feedback, 143, 144, Faculty development, 110, , 132, 137, 326, 368, 370, 392 Feedback, 3, 8 10, 14 16, 19, 20, 27, 48, 49, 51, 52, 61, 65, 66, 81 85, 87, 90 93, 109, 111, 112, , , 139, , 160, 161, 166, , 199, , 217, 220, 249, 259, , 268, 272, 273, 280, , 301, 303, 306, 308, 320, 321, 324, 326, 327, 364, 367, 369, 376, 379 Flexner Report, 331 Flipped classroom, 19 Foils, 295

3 Formal curriculum, 185, 340, Formative assessment, 280, 281, 285, 363, 366, 368 Formative feedback, 280, 281, 285, 363, 366, 368 Fresh cadaver, Fresh tissue, 223, 224 Functional anatomy, 41, 373 G Good lecturing, 240 Graduate attributes, Graduate nurses, , 367, Grasha s learning styles, Gross anatomy, 23, 28, 29, 40 43, 55, 56, 58, 99, 158, 159, 175, , 195, 198, 199, 203, , 210, , 247, 256, 269, 292, 294, , 324, 332, 334, 336, , 373, Group dynamics, 24, Group learning, 108, 130, 270, 271 H Hidden curriculum, Histology, 40, 41, 79, 126, 188, 191, 247, , 353, 356, 359 Honey and Mumford s learning styles, 26 Horizontal integration, 116, 272, 335, 360 Humanism, 195, 340 Humanities, 198, 200 Human morphology, I ILOs. See Intended learning outcomes (ILOs) Image processing, Imaging, 18, 23, 26, 42, 43, 56, 99, 121, 122, 142, 158, 188, 190, 205, 218, 219, 224, 248, 253, 270, 273, 274, 294, 295, 315, 316, 355, 366, 368, 369 Imaging anatomy, 42, 43, 355 Immediacy, 264, 265, , 357 Implementation (of laboratory activities), Implementing team-based learning (TBL), 133, 136, 139 Infectious disease, 224 Informal curriculum, 344 Information literacy, 19 Information technology, Inquiry-guided learning, 129, 269 Instructional design, 107, 208, , 256 Integrated curriculum, 116, 133, 272, 291, 313, 316, 334, 335, 337, 388 Intended learning outcomes (ILOs), 5, 6, 31 37, 61 62, 65, 66, 68, 70, 205, 264 Interactive, 5, 14 16, 19 20, 29, 39, 74, 77, 92, 127, 133, 137, 145, 187, 188, 190, 191, 199 Interactive learning, 74, 137, 224, 257, 314, 316 Internet, 44, 69, 74, 75, 91, 93, 160, 177, 186, 247, 252, 257, 269, 386 Interpersonal skills, 112, 301, 304, 320, 321, 327 Interprofessional education, 187, 353, 356, Interprofessional learning, 325 Inter-relational learning, 12, 17, 20 K Knowles, M., 3 Kolb s learning cycle, 8, 203 Kolb s learning styles, 26, L Large group, 74, 77, 125, 133, 162, 165, 374 Leadership, 46, 90, 91, 147, 148, 151, , 303, 304, 306, 308, , 327, 333, 334, 347, 348 Learning anatomy, , 130, 134, 162, 165, , 250, 265, 270, 300, 316, 326, 385, 386 assessment, 35, , 284, 342 in context, 315, 316 environment, 13, 15, 25 26, 30, 56, 82, 90, 94, 100, 101, 103, 107, 129, 143, 148, 158, 160, 186, 190, 191, 193, 203, 223, 244, 248, 255, 259, 270, 279, 303, 308, 339, 342, 343, 346, 348, 379 landmarks, 157 objectives, 17, 18, 56, 84, 99, 110, 111, , 122, 134, 135, 161, 167, , 199, 240, 249, 250, 291, 292, 316, 319, 323, 345, 347, 374, 379 outcome (s), 5 7, 10, 11, 14 20, 27, 29, 62, 65, 107, , 141, 159, 161, 166, 168, 170, 186, 191, 205, 214, , 238, 249, 263, 264, , 320, 321, 325, 326, 385 spaces, , 190 style, 12, 13, 16, 18, 20, 23 30, 74, 92, 100, , 162, 190, 217, 252, 256, 257, 301, 368 theories, 111, Lecturalgia, 84, 85 Lecture, 5, 13, 25, 34, 43, 55, 61, 73, 81, 91, 99, 108, 116, 126, 133, 159, 186, 198, 224, 237, 248, 264, 268, 279, 303, 314, 323, 334, 347, 365, 373, 388 Lecture recording, 74 79, 110 Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) accreditation standards, 55 Life-long learning, 8, 18, 19, 36, 55, 100, 139, 219 Living anatomy, 42, 43, 158, 159, , 321, 355 Long essays, 286 Longitudinal integration, 315 Long term memory, , 250 M Massive open online courses (MOOCs), 89, 257 Mayer s cognitive model, 241 MCQ. See Multiple choice questions (MCQ) Medical curriculum context, 267 Medical education, 8, 55, 89, 131, 133, 144, 155, 175, 179, 185, 187, 203, 213, 223, 250, , 273, 274, 280, 299, 304, 319, 331, 333, , 343, 347, 348, 376, 387, 388, Medical school museums, , 388 Mental stress reduction, 200 Mental translation, 43 MEQ. See Modified essay questions (MEQ) Millennial, 12 14, 90 91, 94, 133, 147, 252, 253, 256, 257, 373

4 402 Miller s pyramid, 6, 286 M-learning, Modeling, 49, 50, 108, 111, 162, 163, 324, 378 Models, 5, 6, 9, 18, 23, 25, 29, 34, 42, 44, 46, 49 51, 55, 74, 92, 99, 107, 108, , 119, 121, 127, 128, 130, 133, 135, 136, 145, 159, , 166, 167, 185, 187, 188, 191, 198, 200, 206, 207, 210, 214, 216, 217, , 241, 242, 248, 249, 253, 254, 256, 257, , 267, 269, 286, 320, 321, 324, 331, 332, 347, 366, 374, 378, 385, 391 Modified essay questions (MEQ), 282, 284, 285 MOOCs. See Massive open online courses (MOOCs) Motivation, 3 5, 14, 47 49, 107, 115, 118, , 208, 210, 237, 240, 257 Multimedia, 68 70, 108, 109, 185, 186, 188, 190, , 247, 248, , , 269, 271, 373 Multimedia principles, 68, 237, 242 Multiple choice question (MCQ), 86, 93, , 138, , 282, 284, 286, Multiple intelligence theory, N Narrative, 200, 384, 385 Near-peer teaching, 46, 49, 50, 103, 145, 324, Need analysis, 364 Negotiation, Neuroanatomy, 79, 247, 353, 354, Non-technical skills, 299, 308, 320 Non-traditional discipline independent skills, 144, , 150, , Null curriculum, 344 O Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), 127, 191, 268, 284, 287, 387 Objective structured practical examination (OSPE), 191, 192, 287 Observational skills, 270, 271, 273 One-minute paper, 66, 67 One-minute preceptor (OMP), , 210 Outcome-based approach, 6, 7, 31 37, 61, 70 Outcomes, 3 8, 11, 13 20, 23, 24, 27, 31 34, 37, 47, 50, 51, 61 62, 65, 66, 68, 70, 79, 89, 91 92, 94, 101, 107, , 138, 143, 147, 148, 159, 161, , 170, 180, 182, 186, , , 238, 249, 263, 264, 270, , 286, 287, 303, 314, , , 336, 357, 363, 368, 370, Outcomes-based teaching, 31 32, 35 P Painting/drawing, Passive learning, 74, 111, Peer evaluation, 91, , 148, , 306, 308, 323 Peer learning, 73, 378, 379 Peer review, 81 84, 92, 166, 376, 383, 391 Peer teaching, 45, 100, 135, 200, 322, 324, 358, 368, Pendleton s rules, 9, 83 Personal learning network, 19, 20 Personal protective equipment, Personal reflection, 83 85, 324 Phases of TBL, 135, 137 Physician assistants (PA), 225, 270, 325, 363, , 369 Plastination, 121, 179, 216 Portfolio, 31, 32, 48, 209, 287, 323 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 195 Presentation, 28, 32, 35, 41, 42, 47, 48, 56, 57, 62, 64, 65, 67 70, 74, 75, 77, 83, 85 87, 91 93, 101, 102, 110, 121, 122, 127, 128, 131, 144, 145, 151, 190, 198, 199, , , 248, , 256, 300, 303, 306, 316, 321, 322, 326, 332, 334, 340, 341, 358, 370, 373, 374, 376, 392, 396, 398 Presenter, 64, 244, 376, 396 Problem-based learning (PBL), 7, 19, 26, 27, 32, 35, 100, 101, , 126, 169, 185, 187, 206, 208, , 254, 314, 331, 356, Problem behaviors, Problem-oriented dissection (POD), Problem solving, 3, 16, 25, 27, 148, 204, 208, 218, 219, 279, 303, 306, 322, 331, 334, Professional development, 47, 84, 128, 143, 144, 147, 186, 190, 220, 303, 319, 323, 340 Professionalism, 25, 46, 49, 52, 90, 100, 111, 112, 147, 148, 163, 195, 198, 203, 208, 217, 280, 282, 283, , 303, 308, 319, 320, , 327, 340, , 357 Professional societies, , 397 Prosection, 23 25, 42, 43, 56, , 108, 110, 130, 155, 162, 169, 179, 188, 190, 198, , 224, 225, 248, 256, 270, 314, 336, 353, 360, , 386, 389 PTSD. See Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Publications, 47, 115, 180, 256, 279, 339, 342, 383, 387, 391, 392, 394, Q Qualitative research, , 392 Quality assurance (QA), 7, 31, 33, 82, 176, 180, 384 Quality management system, Quantitative research, 384 Index R Reciprocal peer teaching, 322, 324, Reflection, 3, 5, 8, 10, 14, 16, 47, 51, 83 85, 87, 90, 148, , , , 217, 324 Regional dissection, 332, 337 Relevance, 3, 45, 46, 49, 51, 101, 118, 119, 121, 122, 126, 131, 134, 156, 158, 161, 284, 291, 294, 323, , 343, , 358, 359, 374 Reliability, 50, 139, , 293 Resident teaching, 45, 46

5 Respect ceremonies/services of thanksgiving, 177, 323 Role models, 46, 50, 55, 198, 200, 320, 324 Room safety, 233, 234 S Scenario, 14, 15, 20, 56, 58, 94, 100, 101, 108, 109, 117, 128, 144, 145, 165, 167, 168, 170, 240, 242, 272, 285, 291, , 356, 358, 359, 386 Scholarship in education, 383, 394 Scholarship of teaching and learning, Self-directed learning, 5, 66, 115, , 155, 185, 204, 205, , 273, 314, 334 Self evaluation, 147, 148, , 171, 254, 305, 306 Sensitivity, 29, 63, 149, 161, 265, 320, 323 Simulation, 18, 109, 127, 187, 188, 190, 248, , 269, 273, 314, 357 Situated learning, 187, 250 Slides, 57, 62, 64, 67 71, 73, 93 95, 108, 186, 191, 242, 243, , 300, 342 Small group, 7, 24, 49, 51, 90, 99, 100, 103, 104, 111, 112, , 137, 160, 165, 166, 170, 197, 199, 203, 204, 208, 210, 216, , 255, 264, 265, , 273, 313, 314, 365, 367, 369, 377, 386 Small group discussion, 5, 18, 20, 85, , 110, 111, , 366 Smartphones, 238, 247, 250, 252, 386 Socialization, 319, 339, 343, 347 Social skills, 108, 306, 320 Software, 73 75, 78, 190, 237, 238, 242, 244, 248, 250, 251, , 292, 336, 357, 358, 376 Spatial ability, 238, 239 Spiral curriculum, 116, 130 Standard setting, , 359 Stem, 155, 293, 295, 297 Structure of observed learning outcomes (SOLO), 5, 15, 385 Student feedback, 81 82, 87, 93, 145, 148, 220, 273, 379 learning, 26, 30, 31, 45, 47, 48, 50 52, 58, 61, 66, 67, 69, 70, 85 87, 107, 108, 111, 117, 122, 130, , 149, 150, 165, 168, 213, 216, 257, , , 287, 301, 308, 314, 315, 324, , 384, 391, 392, 398 Student-centered learning, 102, 213, 313 Summative assessment, 78, , 363, 368, 369 Summative feedback, 143 Surface anatomy, 15, 25, 42, 67, 99, 108, 121, 129, 130, 155, 156, 158, 159, , 216, 218, 219, 321, 345, 346, 355, 366 Surgical education/surgical training, 268, 366 Systems-based curriculum, 116, 122, 190 T Tablet, 187, 229, 238, 247, , 254, 255, 293 TBL. See Team based learning (TBL) 403 Teacher-centered learning, 313 Teacher immediacy, 66, 207, 208 Teaching anatomy, 31 37, 39 52, , , 267, 268, 270, 271, 274, 347, , , as performance, 44 assistant, 45 52, 90, 145, 151, 321, 324 normal anatomy and abnormal anatomy, 269, 274, 321 skills, 46 50, 56, 320, 324, 376, 377 tools, 120, 155, , 339, 342, 356, 357 Teaching/learning activities (TLA), 6, 7, 32 36, 320 Team based learning (TBL), 19, 92, 94, 100, , 144, 185, 215, 219, 249, 299, , 322, 324 Team interaction, 90, 92, 299 Team skills, 219 Teamwork, 25, 27, 100, 133, 165, 186, 215, 216, 220, 280, 282, 283, 288, 299, 300, 306, , 324, 325, 327, 347, 348, 378 Technology, 5, 12 14, 20, 74, 76, 90, 113, 145, 185, 186, 190, 192, 237, 239, 245, 247, 248, 251, , 259, , 273, 274, 286, 376, 393, 394 Think pair share, 7, 66, 67, 108, 110 Today s learner, Training program, 7, 47, 48, 51, 272, 280, 287, 327 Tutor, , 117, 118, 122, 375, 376 Tutorials, 29, 99, , , 127, 169, 216, 268, 379 U U-learning, 247, 250, 254 Undergraduate medical education, 339 Unembalmed cadavers, Universal precautions, 225 V Validity, 239, , 286, 287, 384 VARK, 28, 110, 257 Vertical integration, 116, 272, 335, 353, 358 Video, 64, 69, 70, 74, 75, 84, 93, 131, , 198, 201, 217, 237, 244, , 272 Virtual anatomy, 13, Virtual patients, 127, 131 Visualizations, 16, 218, , 255, 257, 269, 271, 385 Visual-spatial intelligence, 108 W Web design, 253, 255 Weeding, 244 White coat ceremony, Word processing, World Wide Web, 89, 90, 247 Writing cases, , 131

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