CONTENTS LITERARY TEXTS

Transcription

1 Acknowledgments Introduction Chronology of Authors and Texts Maps Latium in the Period of the Kings The City of Rome and the Forum The Roman World Italy xiv xv xxiv xxvi xxvii xxviii xxx LITERARY TEXTS Appian, The Civil Wars 1 A. The Crisis of the Late Republic (1.1 6) 2 B. The Problem of Land and Tiberius Gracchus (1.7 16) 5 C. Spartacus and the Great Slave Revolt ( ) 11 Augustus, The Accomplishments of the Deified Augustus 14 Catullus, Selected Poems v

2 vi Cicero, M. 34 In Defense of Archias 35 Letters July 65 BC, On His Candidacy for the Consulship (Ad Atticum 1.1) July 65 BC, On the Birth of His Son (Ad Atticum 1.2) January 25, 61 BC, On the Bona Dea Scandal (Ad Atticum 1.13) Early July 61 BC, On the Trial of Clodius (Ad Atticum 1.16) July 59 BC, On the First Triumvirate (Ad Atticum 2.19) April 3, 58 BC, On the Law Relating to His Exile (Ad Atticum 3.4) April 6, 58 BC, On His Exile (Ad Atticum 3.5) April 30, 58 BC, To His Wife from Exile (Ad Familiares 14.4) November 23, 57 BC, On the Gangs and Chaos in Rome (Ad Atticum 4.3) October 16, 50 BC, From Athens, On the Looming Conflict between Pompeius and Caesar (Ad Atticum 7.1) January 24, 49 BC, On Caesar s March on Rome (Ad Familiares 14.18) January 29, 49 BC, On Caesar s March on Rome (Ad Familiares 16.12) Around March 5, 49 BC, Julius Caesar to Cicero, Asking Cicero to Stay in Rome (Ad Atticum 9.6A) March 20, 49 BC, Cicero s Reply to Caesar, Stating His Obligation to Pompeius (Ad Atticum 9.11A) November 27, 48 BC, On His Post- War Position and the Death of Pompeius (Ad Atticum 11.6) Mid- April 45 BC, On Tullia s Death (Ad Familiares 4.6) December 45, On A Visit from Caesar (Ad Atticum 13.52) April 44 BC, On Caesar s Assassination and Its Aftermath (Ad Atticum 14.10) September 44 BC, Urging Cassius to Return and Fight Antonius (Ad Familiares 12.2) October 44 BC, On the Tyranny of Antonius (Ad Familiares 12.3) April 23, 43 BC, On the Defeat of Antonius at Forum Gallorum (Ad Brutum 1.3) April 43 BC, On the Defeat of Antonius at Mutina (Ad Brutum 1.3A) July 43, On the Voting in the Senate of Honors to Octavian and Penalties for Antonius (Ad Brutum 1.15) 73 Cicero, Q., Running for Office: A Handbook 77 Epictetus, A Handbook of Stoic Philosophy 92 Horace 106 Satires 1.5. A Journey to Brundisium On Ambition and Noble Birth The Pest 113

3 Odes 1.1. To Maecenas To Augustus To Vergil To Sestius To Lydia To Thaliarchus To Leuconoe The Fall of Cleopatra The Meaning of Virtus A Plea to the Romans Poetic Immortality 126 Juvenal, Satires Why I Write Umbricius Leaves Rome in Disgust 133 Livy, The History of Rome from Its Foundation 142 A. Preface 143 B. From Aeneas to the Foundation of Rome (1.1 7) 144 C. The Reign of Romulus (1.8 17) 150 D. The Reign of Numa ( ) 158 E. The Reign of Tarquinius Priscus ( ) 162 F. The Reign of Servius Tullius ( ) 167 G. The Reign of Tarquinius Superbus ( ) 174 Lucretius, On the Nature of Things 184 A. Epicureanism and the Concept of Atoms ( ) 185 B. Freedom from Pain and Worry ( ), The Swerve and Free Will ( ) 190 C. The Gods Are Far Removed from Our World ( ) 193 D. Mind and Body Are Inseparable; Death Is Not to Be Feared ( ) 195 Martial 201 On the Spectacles 1. The Colosseum Outshines All the Wonders of the World (Spectacles, 1) A Spectacular Execution (Spectacles, 9) A Beast- Fighter (Spectacles, 17) A Trained Elephant (Spectacles, 20) A Tame Tigress Made Savage (Spectacles, 21) A Sea- Battle in the Colosseum (Spectacles, 27) Synchronized Swimming (Spectacles, 30) Gladiators Fight to a Draw (Spectacles, 31) 204 Epigrams 9. To My Readers (Book 1, preface) The Book Addresses Its Reader (Epigrams, 1.1) A Sexual Exhibitionist (Epigrams, 1.34) A Doctor (Epigrams, 1.47) 206 vii

4 viii 13. A Neighbor Never Seen (Epigrams, 1.86) Hard on the Outside, Soft on the Inside (Epigrams, 1.96) Desperate for a Dinner Invitation (Epigrams, 2.11) A Client s Client (Epigrams, 2.18) An Eager Supporter (Epigrams, 2.27) The Outside Doesn t Match the Inside (Epigrams, 2.36) A Cruel Master (Epigrams, 2.82) Dinner Replaces Handouts (Epigrams, 3.7) A Corpse at Dinner (Epigrams, 3.12) Hopes and Dreams of a Life in Rome (Epigrams, 3.38) A Man to Be Avoided (Epigrams, 3.44) Perfume (Epigrams, 3.55) An Unequal Dinner Party (Epigrams, 3.60) An Elegant Man (Epigrams, 3.63) A Boy Lover Grows Up (Epigrams, 4.7) A Day in Imperial Rome (Epigrams, 4.8) A Rich Atheist (Epigrams, 4.21) An Urban Villa (Epigrams, 4.64) A Mystery in the Country (Epigrams, 4.66) Roman Girls Never Say No (Epigrams, 4.71) Epitaph for a Slave Girl (Epigrams, 5.34) Escaping the Salutatio (Epigrams, 7.39) Troubling Dreams (Epigrams, 7.54) An Effeminate Husband (Epigrams, 7.58) Clearing the Streets (Epigrams, 7.61) Rich Wives in Charge (Epigrams, 8.12) Punishing a Cook (Epigrams, 8.23) Diminishing Gifts for Saturnalia (Epigrams, 8.71) A Way to Stay Young (Epigrams, 8.79) A Loud Schoolmaster (Epigrams, 9.68) Gold- Digging (Epigrams, 10.8) An Ungenerous Friend (Epigrams, 10.15) The Good Life (Epigrams, 10.47) A Poet Must Eat (Epigrams, 11.24) A Paedagogus (Epigrams, 11.39) An Impoverished Philosopher (Epigrams, 11.56) A German War- Captive (Epigrams, 11.96) A Prudish Wife and Her Adventurous Husband (Epigrams, ) 218 Novatian, On the Spectacles 220 Ovid 227 The Art of Love, Book Fasti, April Tristia Perpetua, The Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas 257 Petronius, Trimalchio s Dinner Party 267

5 Pliny the Younger, Letters False Activity and Authentic Leisure (1.9) Long and Short Speeches (1.20) Status- Grading at Dinner Parties (2.6) A Solicitation of Electoral Support (2.9) A Dramatic Trial in the Senate (2.11) Legacy Hunting (2.20) Choosing a Teacher (3.3) The Writings and Amazing Energy of Pliny the Elder (3.5) The Character of a Philosopher (3.11) A Farm Estate and Its Tenant- Farmers (3.19) Hiring a Teacher for Comum (4.13) On His New Wife (4.19) The Death of Fundanus Daughter (5.16) A Freedman Comic Actor (5.19) The Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius and the Death of Pliny the Elder (6.16) The Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius as Seen from Misenum (6.20) A Mysterious Disappearance (6.25) A Roman Lady and Her Pantomime Troupe (7.24) Worship of an Italian River God (8.8) On His Wife s Miscarriage (8.10) Grief over Dying Slaves (8.16) Advice to a Provincial Governor (9.5) On Not Going to the Races (9.6) Entertainments at Dinner (9.17) Hopeless Debt among Tenant- Farmers (9.37) Rebuilding a Rural Temple (9.39) Financing a New Public Bath Building (10.23, Pliny to the Emperor Trajan) Reply (Trajan to Pliny, 10.24) On the Treatment of Convicts (10.31, Pliny to Trajan) Reply (10.32, Trajan to Pliny) On the Status of Exposed Children Raised in Slavery (10.65, Pliny to Trajan) Reply (10.66, Trajan to Pliny) How to Conduct Trials of Christians (10.96, Pliny to Trajan) Reply (10.97, Trajan to Pliny) 331 Plutarch 332 The Life of Cato the Elder 333 The Life of Aemilius Paullus (chs ) 354 Polybius, Histories 361 A. The Roman Constitution ( ) 362 B. The Roman Army ( ) 366 C. The Roman Camp ( ) 370 D. Roman Funerals ( ) 380 ix

6 x Quintilian, The Instruction of an Orator 382 Letter to the Bookseller 383 A. Intellectual Capacity ( ) 383 B. First Instruction ( ) 384 C. The Alphabet ( ) 385 D. Home- Schooling vs. Public Education ( ) 386 E. Classroom Management ( ) 389 F. Corporal Punishment ( ) 390 G. Language Study under the Grammaticus ( ) 391 H. Training under the Teacher of Public Speaking (Rhetor) ( ) 391 Seneca The Younger 394 Philosophical Letters What Matters Is on the Inside (Epistulae Morales 5) Avoid the Crowd (EM 7) Self- Examination (EM 27) On the Humane Treatment of Slaves (EM 47) Sin City: Baiae and Its Harmful Ways (EM 51) Vatia s Villa, or, A Life Not Worth Living (EM 55) Living above a Bathhouse (EM 56) Nature Requires Little, Humans Much (EM 60) Stop Wasting Time (EM 62) On the Liberal Arts (EM 88) 411 The Ascension of the Pumpkinhead Claudius into Heaven 418 Sulpicia, Elegies A Love That Should Be Talked About (Corpus Tibullianum, 3.13) A Rotten Birthday in the Country (3.14) An Unexpected Surprise (3.15) A Cheating Lover (3.16) A Hard- Hearted Lover (3.17) A Lover s Mistake (3.18) 432 Valerius Maximus, Memorable Deeds and Sayings 434 Preface 434 A. General Organization of Roman Religion (1.1) 435 B. Religious Procedure (1.3 4, 1.6, 1.8, 1.10) 436 C. The Retribution of the Gods (1.14, 1.19) 437 D. Foreign Superstitions (3.3) 438 E. The Importance of the Auspices (4.2, 4.3, 4.6) 438 F. Omens (Chance Utterances) (5.1, 5.3, 5.7) 439 G. Prodigies (Unnatural Occurances) (6.1, 6.9, ) 440 H. Dreams (7.2, 7.3, 7.5) 442 I. Miracles (8.1 3) 443 Vergil, Eclogues A God Gave Us These Carefree Days This Glorious New Era Will Begin 448

7 DOCUMENTARY SECTION xi Inscriptions 451 I. Epitaphs and Other Documents about Individuals 452 Persons of Senatorial Status 1. The So- Called Praise of Turia An Aide to Augustus A Member of Julius Caesar s and Augustus Inner Circle A Paelignian Senator A Lady of the Highest Nobility A Brother and Sister from the Age of Trajan The Death of a Young Girl 459 Persons of Equestrian Status 8. A Young Equestrian Graffito Mocking an Equestrian A Military Tribune An Imperial Procurator A Businessman and His Wife Who Achieved Equestrian Status 460 Town Councilors (Decurions) 13. Election Notices from Pompeii A Patron and Official from Ostia A Priest and Patron from Spain A Priestess and Patron from Spain A Kind Official from a Village in Gaul An Aedile and Duumvir from Germany 462 Soldiers 19. A Legionary Soldier Serving in Britain An Aged Legionary Soldier A Legionary Trumpeter A Legionary Standard- Bearer A Legionary Cavalryman, the Captor of Decebalus A Gallic Cavalryman An Archer from Sidon Serving in Germany A Soldier in the Imperial Fleet A Centurion Who Came up Through the Ranks A Centurion on the Danube Frontier A Praetorian Guardsman A Decorated Praetorian Guardsman A Reservist of the Emperor A Member of the First Urban Cohort A Mounted Guardsman from the Reign of Hadrian 468 Persons Certainly or Probably Freeborn 34. A Man Who Enjoyed His Wine A Father s Love for His Daughter An Exemplary Mother 469

8 xii 37. A Musician Graveside Banquets in Honor of a Mother A Mother Who Lost Her Children A Young Wife A Loving Couple A Wife and Business Partner An Avid Ball Player A Wife Who Died in Childbirth 472 Persons of Unknown Status 45. An Anonymous Infant An Anonymous Foster- Son 472 Persons of Freed Status 47. The Family of a Swine Dealer A Seller of Goat- Skins Freedman of a Slave Dealer A Freedman Murdered by His Slave 474 Slaves 51. A Favorite Slave Girl A Fourteen- Year- Old Slave Who Died after Giving Birth A Short- Hand Writer A Scholarly Slave Boy A Twelve-Year-Old Gold Worker Collars Worn by Recaptured Fugitive Slaves 476 II. Proclamations by and for Emperors Oath of Loyalty to Augustus and His Family Oath of Loyalty to Caligula Sworn by Residents of Aritium, Spain Claudius Speech to the Senate Concerning Admission of Gauls to the Senate Senatorial Resolution Ratifying the Powers of the Emperor Vespasian Vespasian s Letter to the Town Councilors of Sabora Inscription on a Triumphal Arch in the Circus Maximus, Honoring Titus Hadrian s Address to the Army at Lambaesis 485 III. Inscriptions Relating to Public Works An Aqueduct and Other Amenities for Aletrium Walls and Towers Repaired at Private Expense Wall for a City Square Financed by a Freedman Streets Financed by a Governor Streets Financed by a Group of Freedmen A Playing Field Financed by a Local Magistrate A Temple of Apollo Restored by a Local Magistrate Wall around a Shrine Financed by a Woman 488 IV. Documents Relating to Festivals, Games, and Shows Decree of Town Councilors Sponsoring Public Events as Part of Imperial Cult A Sponsor from Pompeii 490

9 74. A Sponsor from Alife A Producer and Head of the Guild of Latin Mime Actors A Star Mime Actor Epitaph of a Pantomime Dancer Epitaph of a Pantomime Dancer Epitaph of the Gladiator Flamma Epitaph of the Gladiator Ajax Epitaph of the Gladiator Exochus Epitaph of the Gladiator Niger Epitaph of the Gladiator Volusenus Epitaph of the Gladiator Felix Epitaph of the Gladiator Amabilis Epitaph for Two Gladiators who Killed Each Other Inscription Honoring Polynices the Charioteer Inscription Honoring Diocles the Charioteer 494 V. Prayers and Dedications to Gods Dedication of an Altar to Jupiter Optimus Maximus Dedication of an Altar to the Numen of Augustus Prayer of Married Women to Juno Votive Offering to Bona Dea Altars near a Fort on Hadrian s Wall 498 VI. Curse Tablets (Defixiones) Lead Curse Tablet from Chagnon, France Lead Curse Tablet from Minturno, Italy Lead Curse Tablet from Carthage Illustrated Lead Curse Tablet from Carthage 501 VII. Certificates of Sacrifice from the Decian Persecution Two Brothers and Their Wives A Priestess of the God Petesouchos Inaris and Her Children 502 Laws of the Twelve Tables 503 A Roman Calendar: April 512 A Roman Schoolbook (Colloquia Monacensia) 516 Appendices: 522 Roman Naming Conventions 522 Roman Time Reckoning 526 Roman Currency, Weights, and Measures 527 List of Roman Emperors to AD Notes on the Texts and Translations 530 Glossary 533 Index 543 xiii