10. 3 Philip and Alexander

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1 10. 3 Philip and Alexander pp Essential Question: What are the characteristics of a leader? Standard 6.54

2 Success Criteria 1. Who was the Macedonian admirer of Greek ideas, who planned to conquer Persia? 2. Which Macedonian King conquered Greece, Persia, India, and Egypt? 3. Which of the following is NOT true about Alexander the Great? A. He defeated the Persians B. He feared nothing / no one C. He changed Macedonia from a weak farming kingdom into a superpower D. He was respected by his men E. He conquered a huge territory in 7 years F. He led by example

3 Vocabulary Cavalry Alexandria, Egypt

4 Philip II of Macedonia Philip II of Macedon was the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC.

5 Philip s First Job as King: Fix the military Macedonia was not a very strong kingdom and were mainly farmers and herders of sheep and horses. The army is undisciplined While Philip was a hostage in Thebes, he learned new battle strategies and how to train a successful army Citizen warriors -> professional soldiers He increased its size from 10,000 to 24,000 and enlarged the cavalry from 600 to 3,500

Greek phalanx changed the hoplite spear to the sarissa, an 18 to 20 feet pike; it had the advantage of reaching over the much shorter spears

6 Turning Things Around created a corps of engineers to develop towers and catapults provided uniforms and required an oath of allegiance to the king (each soldier would no longer be loyal to a particular town or province but faithful only to the king) restructured the traditional Greek phalanx changed the hoplite spear to the sarissa, an 18 to 20 feet pike; it had the advantage of reaching over the much shorter spears of the opposition. a new helmet, and a redesigned shield, each man possessed a smaller double-edge sword, or xiphos, for close-in-hand fighting.

Philip s Second Job: Conquests Macedonia was enemies with the Illyrians to the North and Athens Philip and his son, Alexander (18 years old), marched through many Greek citystates including Thebes

7 Philip s Second Job: Conquests Macedonia was enemies with the Illyrians to the North and Athens Philip and his son, Alexander (18 years old), marched through many Greek citystates including Thebes and Athens Defeats enemies in many ways: Battle Bribery Others just agree But he did not escape these battles without some personal scars - a lost eye, a broken shoulder, and a crippled leg. Statue of Philip II of Macedon

railed against Philip in a series of speeches called The Philippics.

8 Demosthenes Throughout Philip s rise to power and his victories throughout Greece, a constant thorn in his side was Demosthenes, the great Athenian orator, who constantly railed against Philip in a series of speeches called The Philippics. Demosthenes Practicing Oratory Why was Demosthenes so opposed to Philip s plans? painting by Jean Lecomte du Nouÿ

Interesting Tidbits In 343 BCE Aristotle was summoned by King Philip II of Macedonia to tutor his son Alexander Taught him for the next seven years, until Alexander ascended to the throne and began

9 Interesting Tidbits In 343 BCE Aristotle was summoned by King Philip II of Macedonia to tutor his son Alexander Taught him for the next seven years, until Alexander ascended to the throne and began his famous conquests. The two men remained in contact through letters, and Aristotle's influence on Alexander can be seen in the latter's skillful and diplomatic handling of difficult political problems throughout his career. Alexander's habit of carrying books with him on campaign and his wide reading have been attributed to Aristotle's influence as has Alexander's appreciation for art and culture.

10 Alexander Takes Control

Alexander Fulfills His Father s Dream Philip is assassinated Alexander will become a successful ruler and military leader at age 20 He will invade and

11 Alexander Fulfills His Father s Dream Philip is assassinated Alexander will become a successful ruler and military leader at age 20 He will invade and conquer the Persian Empire 2 min video on The Alexander Mosaic Mosaic of Alexander, on his horse Bucephalus, during the battle of Issus.

Alexander had the respect of his men and never betrayed their trust as he fought next to them, ate with them, and refused to drink water when there wasn t enough for all.

13 Alexander had the respect of his men and never betrayed their trust as he fought next to them, ate with them, and refused to drink water when there wasn t enough for all. Quite simply, he set the example. As was evident at Gaugamela, he was able to rally his men to fight with him. Plutarch in his Life of Alexander the Great wrote, he made a very long speech to the Thessalians and the other Greeks and when he saw that they encouraged him with shouts to lead them against the Barbarians, he shifted his lance into his left hand, and with his right appealed to the gods praying them, if he was really sprung from Zeus, to defend and strengthen the Greeks and after mutual encouragement and exhortations the cavalry charged at full speed upon the enemy

14 Part 3: Alexander s Legacy pp Essential Question: What are the characteristics of a leader? Standard 6.54

15 Success Criteria 1. List one of each of Alexander the Great s political, economic, and cultural legacy around the world. 2. Greek culture spreads around the world during which time period? 3. A term that best represents the blending of Hellenistic culture with other cultures all around the world is what? 4. Who is most likely responsible for the end of the Hellenistic Era? Vocabulary: Legacy Hellenistic Era

16 Hero or Villain? Primary Source Read Description of the Battle at Tyre

17 Alexander s Legacy Political Legacy 1)Extended Greek and Macedonian Rule 2)Creation of the Hellenistic Kingdoms Economic Legacy 1) circulation of Persian gold and silver 2) standardization of currency (Trade and commerce extended beyond the Mediterranean region into Africa, Arabia, India, and China.) Cultural Legacy 1) spread of Greek art and thought 2) creation of new Hellenistic culture

18 The division of Alexander the Great's Empire after his death between 4 of his generals:

19 Painting of The Great Lighthouse of Alexandria (One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) Illustration of ancient Library of Alexandria

20 Bust of Alexander the Great outside the new library in Alexandria, Egypt

21 Essential Question: Give examples of things Alexander and his father, Philip II, did as good leaders:

22 Success Criteria 1. List one of each of Alexander the Great s political, economic, and cultural legacy around the world. 2. Greek culture spreads around the world during which time period? 3. A term that best represents the blending of Hellenistic culture with other cultures all around the world is what? 4. Who is most likely responsible for the end of the Hellenistic Era? Vocabulary: Legacy Hellenistic Era

TIME Magazine Cover Alexander the Great was Man of the Year! Create a TIME Magazine cover for him. Include: 1. His Name and the Year (choose a year he was alive) - 20 point 2.

23 TIME Magazine Cover Alexander the Great was Man of the Year! Create a TIME Magazine cover for him. Include: 1. His Name and the Year (choose a year he was alive) - 20 point 2. List/Bullet 4 Most Notable Achievements - 20 points 3. A quote that he would / might have said. 10 points 4. A quote by someone else about him. 10 points 5. His image 20 points Write legibly and color. 20 points This is a project grade! 100 points in Assessment Category

24 TIME Magazine Cover

25 Sources McGraw Hill Online Textbook sources Ancient History Encyclopedia HeritageHistory.com Slideplayer.com Pintrest.com 02varvara.wordpress.com

February 29. EQ- Who were the Greek philosophers?

February 29. EQ- Who were the Greek philosophers? February 29 EQ- Who were the Greek philosophers? Do Now- The Greeks used myths involving the Gods to explain natural events (like storms, earthquakes, eclipses). Can you think of anything similar that